{"title":"瞳孔疾病。","authors":"Aki Kawasaki","doi":"10.1212/CON.0000000000001542","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This article reviews the underlying disorders causing pathologic anisocoria or abnormal pupils to help clinicians efficiently pursue appropriate investigations.</p><p><strong>Latest developments: </strong>The pupils reflect the activity of several central nuclei, peripheral ganglia, and nerves that control two muscles of the iris: the radial dilator and the circular sphincter. Acquired asymmetry of pupil size and abnormal pupillary movement signal damage within the neural (parasympathetic or sympathetic) pathways to the eye or damage to the muscles that move the pupil. Studies have further defined which topical agents are useful in diagnosing pupil disorders.</p><p><strong>Essential points: </strong>Pupillary shape, size, and movement are readily observable. Knowledge of the relatively simple pupil anatomy and innervation can guide clinical examination to determine the pathophysiologic mechanism underlying a pupil abnormality.</p>","PeriodicalId":52475,"journal":{"name":"CONTINUUM Lifelong Learning in Neurology","volume":"31 2","pages":"527-542"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Disorders of the Pupil.\",\"authors\":\"Aki Kawasaki\",\"doi\":\"10.1212/CON.0000000000001542\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This article reviews the underlying disorders causing pathologic anisocoria or abnormal pupils to help clinicians efficiently pursue appropriate investigations.</p><p><strong>Latest developments: </strong>The pupils reflect the activity of several central nuclei, peripheral ganglia, and nerves that control two muscles of the iris: the radial dilator and the circular sphincter. Acquired asymmetry of pupil size and abnormal pupillary movement signal damage within the neural (parasympathetic or sympathetic) pathways to the eye or damage to the muscles that move the pupil. Studies have further defined which topical agents are useful in diagnosing pupil disorders.</p><p><strong>Essential points: </strong>Pupillary shape, size, and movement are readily observable. Knowledge of the relatively simple pupil anatomy and innervation can guide clinical examination to determine the pathophysiologic mechanism underlying a pupil abnormality.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":52475,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"CONTINUUM Lifelong Learning in Neurology\",\"volume\":\"31 2\",\"pages\":\"527-542\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-04-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"CONTINUUM Lifelong Learning in Neurology\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1212/CON.0000000000001542\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"Medicine\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"CONTINUUM Lifelong Learning in Neurology","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1212/CON.0000000000001542","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"Medicine","Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: This article reviews the underlying disorders causing pathologic anisocoria or abnormal pupils to help clinicians efficiently pursue appropriate investigations.
Latest developments: The pupils reflect the activity of several central nuclei, peripheral ganglia, and nerves that control two muscles of the iris: the radial dilator and the circular sphincter. Acquired asymmetry of pupil size and abnormal pupillary movement signal damage within the neural (parasympathetic or sympathetic) pathways to the eye or damage to the muscles that move the pupil. Studies have further defined which topical agents are useful in diagnosing pupil disorders.
Essential points: Pupillary shape, size, and movement are readily observable. Knowledge of the relatively simple pupil anatomy and innervation can guide clinical examination to determine the pathophysiologic mechanism underlying a pupil abnormality.
期刊介绍：
Continue your professional development on your own schedule with Continuum: Lifelong Learning in Neurology®, the American Academy of Neurology" self-study continuing medical education publication. Six times a year you"ll learn from neurology"s experts in a convenient format for home or office. Each issue includes diagnostic and treatment outlines, clinical case studies, a topic-relevant ethics case, detailed patient management problem, and a multiple-choice self-assessment examination.
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