Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi最新文献

{"title":"[TCM understanding and classical formula treatment strategies for type 2 diabetes mellitus].","authors":"Ya-Sheng Deng, Ya-Fang Zheng, Rong-Chang Zhang, Ming-Yue Zang, Jun-Quan Wei, Ye-Zhan Pang, Zong-Ri Huang, Jiang Lin, Tai-Jin Lan, Cheng Hu, Qiu Chen","doi":"10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20251203.501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20251203.501","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) is a major metabolic disease with high prevalence in China, and its multisystem complications involving the heart, brain, kidneys, and eyes pose a serious threat to public health. According to 2023 data from the International Diabetes Federation(IDF), the prevalence of diabetes among Chinese adults has reached 12.4%, with approximately 140 million patients, over 90% of whom have T2DM. Although western hypoglycemic therapies can effectively control blood glucose, they remain limited in improving insulin resistance, regulating constitution, and preventing and treating complications. In TCM, T2DM falls under &quot;spleen heat&quot; and &quot;consumptive thirst&quot;, with core pathogenesis characterized by disordered body fluid metabolism and imbalance of Qi, blood, Yin, and Yang, primarily affecting the liver, spleen(stomach), and kidneys. Based on the evolutionary pattern of pathogenesis, this study proposes six syndrome classifications, i.e., Yuke(depression-thirst), Reke(heat-thirst), Shike(dampness-thirst), Tanke(phlegm-thirst), Yuke(stasis-thirst), and Xuke(deficiency-thirst). Yuke(depression-thirst) presents with chest and hypochondriac distension and elevated blood glucose during emotional fluctuations. Reke features the typical &quot;three excesses and one loss&quot; with Yangming exuberant heat. Shike centers on dry mouth without desire to drink, obesity, and greasy tongue coating. Tanke exhibits dizziness, chest oppression, and excessive phlegm on the basis of Shike. Yuke(stasis-thirst) is marked by dark-purplish tongue and fixed pain. Xuke is differentiated according to the degree of Qi, Yin, Yang, or essence deficiency. Classical formulas are applied correspondingly as follows: Dachaihu Decoction for Yuke(depression-thirst), Baihu Jia Renshen Decoction for Reke, Gegen Qinlian Decoction and Wuling Powder for Shike, Banxia Xiexin Decoction for Tanke, Guizhi Fuling Pills for Yuke(stasis-thirst), and Jingui Shenqi Pills, Shengmai Powder, or Zuogui Pills for Xuke, with flexible combinations for comorbid conditions. Following the integrated TCM-western medicine approach of aligning formula with syndrome and combining pathogenesis, pathology, drug properties, and pharmacology, this study emphasizes pathogenesis-centered application of classical formulas integrated with modern pharmacology to construct a &quot;syndrome differentiation-disease differentiation-target differentiation&quot; trinity treatment model, providing a new TCM strategy for precise prevention and treatment of T2DM and its complications, especially in intervening in insulin resistance and regulating intestinal flora.</p>","PeriodicalId":52437,"journal":{"name":"Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi","volume":"51 6","pages":"1804-1815"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147730384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Xianglian Pills ameliorate ulcerative colitis by regulating ASS1-mediated arginine metabolism: a study based on metabolomics].","authors":"Jia-Qi Zhang, Xiao-Jing Qian, Cheng Hu, Ying Chen","doi":"10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20251210.703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20251210.703","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study integrated untargeted metabolomics with in vivo and in vitro molecular experiments to elucidate the targets of Xianglian Pills(XLP) in treating ulcerative colitis(UC). A mouse model of UC was established with 3% dextran sulfate sodium(DSS) in drinking water. C57BL/6J mice were randomized into six groups: control, model, mesalazine(positive control, 0.4 g·kg~(-1)), and low-, medium-, and high-dose(0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 g·kg~(-1), respectively) XLP. In parallel, an in vitro intestinal epithelial barrier injury model was induced in Caco-2 monolayers by combined stimulation with tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α(100 ng·mL~(-1)) and interferon(IFN)-γ(100 ng·mL~(-1)). The results demonstrated that XLP alleviated DSS-induced weight loss, colon shortening, and elevated disease activity index(DAI) in a dose-dependent manner. XLP treatment markedly reduced the serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and interleukin(IL)-6 and restored the expression and localization of the tight junction proteins Zonula occludens-1(ZO-1) and Occludin in the colon tissue. Serum metabolomics analysis based on UPLC-MS/MS identified 24 differential metabolites, and the pathway enrichment analysis revealed that XLP predominantly regulated the arginine biosynthesis pathway. Mechanism investigation demonstrated that XLP significantly suppressed the inflammation-induced upregulation of argininosuccinate synthetase 1(ASS1) and inducible nitric oxide synthase(NOS2/iNOS). Concurrently, XLP upregulated the expression of arginase 1(ARG1) and argininosuccinate lyase(ASL), shifting the metabolic flux towards polyamine synthesis and tissue repair. In vitro assays confirmed that XLP at 50 μg·mL~(-1) significantly increased the transepithelial electrical resistance(TEER), reduced FITC-dextran permeability, and accelerated wound healing in Caco-2 cells. Plasmid-mediated overexpression of ASS1 significantly reversed the protective effect of XLP on barrier integrity and the inhibitory effect of XLP on the NOS2 pathway. In conclusion, XLP ameliorates UC by reprogramming the ASS1-NOS2 metabolic axis in intestinal epithelial cells to rebalance arginine metabolism, thereby mitigating mucosal inflammation and restoring the intestinal physical barrier.</p>","PeriodicalId":52437,"journal":{"name":"Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi","volume":"51 5","pages":"1282-1293"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147730628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Protective effect of antioxidants in spray drying of cinnamon essential oil inclusion complexes].","authors":"Hui-Quan Hu, Na Wan, Yu-Hua Liu, Jing-Jing Gu, Ying Liu, Hai-Yan Chen, Jia-Bao Liao, Zhen-Feng Wu","doi":"10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20251028.301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20251028.301","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Spray drying is widely employed in the preparation of essential oil inclusion complexes. However, due to the high-temperature environment during drying, this technology often results in oxidative loss of essential oils within these inclusion complexes. To address this issue, this study utilized the inclusion complexes prepared from cinnamon essential oil and measured thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS) value and peroxide value(POV). Among the six antioxidants such as octyl gallate, L-ascorbyl palmitate, and propyl gallate, the antioxidants that could significantly enhance the retention rate of volatile components in the spray drying process of essential oil inclusion complexes were screened out and used as &quot;protective agents&quot; during the spray drying process. Furthermore, by combining a 15-day high-temperature stability test with GC-MS analysis, the effects of varying antioxidant concentrations on the retention rate of volatile components, high temperature stability, and their components in the inclusion complexes were investigated. The results revealed that both octyl gallate and propyl gallate demonstrated considerable potential in effectively preserving the volatile components. In addition, these antioxidants at specific concentrations markedly reduced the loss of volatile components and enhanced the protecting effect. The retention rates of volatile components reached 90.38% and 87.96% for octyl gallate and propyl gallate, respectively, compared to 78.36% in the control group. The protective effect was particularly pronounced at an antioxidant concentration of 0.04% under the high-temperature stability test. GC-MS analysis confirmed that the incorporation of antioxidants did not interfere with the chemical composition of the essential oil. Therefore, the addition of appropriate concentrations of antioxidants during the preparation of essential oil inclusion complexes can effectively mitigate oxidative loss and improve both the retention and stability of volatile components.</p>","PeriodicalId":52437,"journal":{"name":"Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi","volume":"51 6","pages":"1565-1572"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147730682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Assessment of therapeutic effectiveness and underlying pharmacological mechanisms of Tripterygium glycosides for systemic lupus erythematosus: umbrella review and in silico study].","authors":"Tong-Tong Xiong, Yi-Jun Xiong, Ting-Si Huang, Xin-Liang Wan, Jian-Hui Ma, Lu Wang, Hui-Min Mei, Li-Ying Luo, Xu-Dong Zhang, Zheng-Qi Liu, Cong Huang","doi":"10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20251119.501","DOIUrl":"10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20251119.501","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) is a chronic multi-organ autoimmune disorder. Tripterygium wilfordii, a medicinal herb, possesses immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties. Tripterygium glycosides(TG), as the active ingredients, are widely used in the treatment of autoimmune diseases such as SLE and rheumatoid arthritis(RA) due to their definite efficacy and are prepared into tablets for easy administration. Following the PRISMA and PRIO-Harm guidelines, this study employs a prospective registration protocol(CRD420251023354), umbrella review, and network pharmacology, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation to systematically evaluate the efficacy, safety, and potential molecular mechanism of TG in the treatment of SLE. Eight databases were systematically searched. Four Meta-analyses evaluating TG combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of SLE were obtained, and their methodological quality(AMSTAR2), risk of bias(ROBIS-2), and evidence certainty(GRADE) were evaluated. At the same time, network pharmacology was employed to predict the mechanism of TG and evaluate the binding of active ingredients to targets. The results of umbrella review showed that TG significantly ameliorated SLE in terms of the renal function, immune indexes, blood parameters, and disease activity, reduced adverse reactions such as nausea, vomiting, and rash, increased the risk of irregular menstruation, and caused no significant difference in other infection risks. The methodological quality assessment found that the four systematic reviews had serious deficiencies(75% of the non-pre-registered programs and 50% of the non-exclusion lists). ROBIS-2 confirmed that all studies had a high risk of bias. GRADE classification showed that 50% of the evidence had moderate or low quality. Network pharmacology identified potential targets of TG, such as TNF and TP53, which were involved in PD-L1 expression and PD-1 checkpoint pathway in cancer and other signaling pathways. Molecular docking and kinetic simulation showed that TG might play a role by stabilizing the binding of triptoditerpenic acid B to EGFR and HIF1A. In summary, TG can significantly improve multi-system indicators of SLE but has a risk of inducing irregular menstruation. The evidence of the efficacy is limited due to methodological defects, while molecular mechanism studies have shown that TG exerts pharmacological effects through multi-target regulation of immune and metabolic pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":52437,"journal":{"name":"Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi","volume":"51 6","pages":"1789-1803"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147730610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Identification of chemical constituents of Shuangshen Fuzheng Powder and its tissue distribution characteristics in rats by UHPLC-Q-Exactive-Orbitrap-HRMS].","authors":"Qi Huang, Yi Li, Shan Ge, Qiu-Jun Guo, Qi-Wei Sun, Tao Xu, Zhong-Ning He, Bao-Jin Hua, Zhan Shi, Run-Zhi Qi","doi":"10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20251208.201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20251208.201","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Shuangshen Fuzheng Powder has been clinically used for the prevention and treatment of lung cancer for many years, demonstrating favorable efficacy, yet its pharmacodynamic material basis remains to be further investigated. This study employed ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-electrostatic field Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry(UHPLC-Q-Exactive-Orbitrap-HRMS) to rapidly identify the chemical components of Shuangshen Fuzheng Powder and to investigate the distribution of major prototype components in blood and tissue after intragastric administration in rats. An ACQUITY UPLC BEH C_(18) column(2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.7 μm) was used, with 0.1% formic acid in water(A) and methanol(B) as the mobile phase under gradient elution. Mass spectra were acquired in positive and negative ion full-scan/data-dependent secondary scan mode(Full MS/dd-MS~2). Elemental compositions were fitted using Xcalibur 4.2 software based on the relative retention time of ion peaks and primary fragment ion information, and component identification was performed by comparison with reference standards, literature, and databases using secondary fragment ion information. This approach enabled the identification of both chemical constituents of Shuangshen Fuzheng Powder and the prototype components present in blood and various tissue. A total of 130 chemical components were identified, including 78 terpenoids(saponins), 16 flavonoids, 13 nucleotides, 6 amino acids, 5 fatty acids, 4 organic acids, and 8 other compounds. After intragastric administration to rats, 20, 15, 46, 66, 46, 61, 38, and 40 prototype components were detected in serum, brain, lung, heart, liver, spleen, kidney, and ileum, respectively. Thirteen components, such as naringenin, ginsenoside R_1, ginsenoside Rg_5, ginsenoside Re, ginsenoside Rg_1, ginsenoside F_2, ginsenoside Rh_1, ginsenoside Ro, ginsenoside Rb_1, notoginsenoside R_1 and notoginsenoside R_2, yesanchinoside B, and malonyl ginsenoside Rb_1, were detected both in serum and across all tissue. This study demonstrates that high-resolution mass spectrometry allows rapid identification of the chemical constituents of Shuangshen Fuzheng Powder and the distribution of its prototype components in blood and tissue. These findings provide a reference for elucidating the pharmacodynamic material basis of Shuangshen Fuzheng Powder and for conducting pharmacokinetic studies of its active components in different tissue.</p>","PeriodicalId":52437,"journal":{"name":"Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi","volume":"51 5","pages":"1464-1482"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147730431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Research progress on pathological mechanism of anxiety induced by chronic heart failure and TCM treatment strategies from perspective of heart-Yin deficiency theory].","authors":"Shu-Han Hu, Jia-Hui Chen, Si-Jing Li, Zi-Ru Li, Xiao-Jiao Zhang, Xing-Ling He, Jian-Hong Liu, Hui-Li Liao, Lu Lu, Shi-Hao Ni, Zhong-Qi Yang","doi":"10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20251215.501","DOIUrl":"10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20251215.501","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the field of cardiovascular diseases, chronic heart failure(CHF), as an increasingly serious health challenge, is often intertwined with anxiety disorders, forming a complex clinical comorbidity. The incidence of anxiety gradually increases with the progression of heart failure, significantly reducing patients' quality of life and aggravating the overall disease burden. Modern medicine not only focuses on the pathophysiological mechanisms of CHF but has also gradually emphasized the bidirectional relationship between CHF and psychological states. The TCM theory of heart-Yin deficiency provides a distinctive theoretical perspective for elucidating the complex associations underlying such mind-body comorbidity and offers unique advantages in the treatment of CHF with comorbid anxiety. Based on the theory of heart-Yin deficiency, this article systematically explores the intrinsic pathological mechanisms by which CHF induces anxiety symptoms, as well as corresponding TCM treatment strategies. A pathogenic model is proposed in which heart-Yin deficiency leads to &quot;failure to control deficiency fire, scorching the collaterals and disturbing the spirit&quot;, &quot;blood stasis with collateral damage, resulting in insufficient nourishment of the spirit and vessels&quot;, and &quot;aggregation of phlegm, stasis, and toxins, causing concurrent impairment of the heart and spirit&quot;. This model elucidates the intrinsic associations with modern medical mechanisms such as neuroendocrine dysregulation, inflammatory and oxidative stress, and gut microbiota imbalance, highlighting the central role of heart-Yin deficiency in disease progression. With respect to treatment, guided by the principle of &quot;nourishing Yin and calming the spirit&quot;, this article systematically analyzes the multiple effects of Chinese herbal compound prescriptions and acupuncture and moxibustion therapies in improving cardiac function and alleviating anxiety symptoms, aiming to provide a theoretical basis and practical guidance for the clinical management of anxiety in patients with CHF.</p>","PeriodicalId":52437,"journal":{"name":"Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi","volume":"51 6","pages":"1537-1544"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147729873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Exploration of pharmacodynamic material basis and mechanism of Jingfang Mixture against influenza A (H1N1) based on UPLC-Q-Exactive-Orbitrap-MS and network pharmacology].","authors":"Yue Li, Lin-Han Sun, Yan Fu, Shi-Rong Li, Yu-Jun Tan, Jia Yang, Xiao-Yun Liu, Dong-Xue Ye, Rong Rong, Qi-Hui Sun, Zhi-Sheng Wu","doi":"10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20251209.201","DOIUrl":"10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20251209.201","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study systematically analyzed the components of Jingfang Mixture that entered the blood and target organ(lung) in both normal and influenza A(H1N1) virus-infected mice by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-Exactive-Orbitrap-MS). Network pharmacology and molecular docking were employed to explore the pharmacodynamic material basis and potential mechanisms against influenza A(H1N1). Twenty-four male BALB/c mice were randomly allocated into normal control, normal administration, model control, and model administration groups. An influenza infection model was established by intranasal inoculation with the A/H1N1/PR8 virus strain. After gavage of Jingfang Mixture, serum and lung tissue samples were collected. The chemical components and the components entering the blood and lung were identified and analyzed by UPLC-Q-Exactive-Orbitrap-MS. SwissTargetPrediction was used to predict the targets of the absorbed components, and the influenza A(H1N1)-related targets were obtained from the GeneCard, OMIM, and TTD databases. The common targets were used to construct a protein-protein interaction(PPI) network, which was followed by Gene Ontology(GO) functional enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses. A &quot;component-target-pathway&quot; network was established from the result, and the key interactions were validated by molecular docking. A total of 271 compounds were identified from the Jingfang Mixture, including 108 flavonoids, 55 coumarins, 46 terpenoids, 24 organic acids, 16 phthalides, 13 chromones, and 9 others. In normal mice, 21 prototype components in the blood and 6 prototype components in the lung were detected, while in infected mice, the numbers increased to 37 and 29, respectively. This suggested that influenza virus infection may disrupt the alveolar epithelial and endothelial barriers, facilitating the entry of more active components into systemic circulation and the target organ, thereby enhancing anti-influenza efficacy. Network pharmacology screening identified 282 potential targets. Molecular docking results indicated that active ingredients such as nodakenetin, tangeretin, glycyrrhetinic acid, cimifugin, and glycyrrhizic acid may act on core targets including AKT1, TNF, IL-6, IL-1β, and STAT3, modulating signaling pathways such as PI3K/AKT, apoptosis, influenza A, CLRs, and TNF, thereby exerting synergistic anti-influenza effects. In conclusion, this study preliminarily reveals the pharmacodynamic material basis and the potential &quot;multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway&quot; mechanism of Jingfang Mixture against influenza A(H1N1), providing a scientific basis for the clinical application and quality control of the mixture.</p>","PeriodicalId":52437,"journal":{"name":"Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi","volume":"51 5","pages":"1483-1500"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147729923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Evaluation of genetic diversity and screening of high-quality germplasms in Codonopsis based on phenotypic traits and whole-genome resequencing].","authors":"Bo-Wen Zheng, Ke Tian, Meng-Yao DU, Xuan-Xuan Shen, Lin-Jie Zhang, Tian Zhang, Hui Wang, Ying Li, Guang Yang","doi":"10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20251203.401","DOIUrl":"10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20251203.401","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Using phenotyping and whole-genome resequencing, this study analyzed the genetic diversity of Codonopsis and screened high-quality core germplasms, thereby providing support for germplasm innovation, variety improvement, and industrial standardization. Twenty-seven Codonopsis germplasms were collected from Gansu, Shanxi, Guizhou, and other provinces. After planting in a unified environment, 21 agronomic traits and 6 quality traits were determined. Comprehensive evaluation was conducted using methods such as correlation analysis, cluster analysis, and principal component analysis(PCA) to screen out excellent Codonopsis germplasms. Total DNA was extracted from young leaves by the magnetic bead method, and whole-genome resequencing was performed on the MGIDL-T7 platform. After quality control with FASTP, the sequences were aligned to the reference genome to detect single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP). Subsequently, linkage disequilibrium analysis was carried out using the sliding window method, and population structure was analyzed with the Admixture software to clarify the population genetic characteristics and germplasm genetic background. The 27 Codonopsis germplasms exhibited rich phenotypic and genetic diversity, with the coefficient of variation of the 27 traits ranging from 5.1% to 130.6%. Among them, yield(130.6%), root branch number(87.4%), and atractylenolide Ⅲ content(68.2%) showed significant variation, while traits such as seed germination rate(5.1%) and corolla tube diameter(6.0%) had relatively small variation. Correlation analysis revealed that yield was significantly positively correlated with the number of fruits per plant and the number of primary branches; root weight per plant was significantly positively correlated with root diameter; lobetyolin content was significantly positively correlated with lobetyolinin content; tangshenoside Ⅰ content was significantly positively correlated with polysaccharide content. PCA extracted 8 principal components(with a cumulative contribution rate of 82%), and 5 high-quality germplasms were screened out through comprehensive evaluation. Cluster analysis divided the germplasms into 6 groups, and the group characteristics were related to geographical origin and original plants. Whole-genome resequencing yielded 334.49 Gb of clean data(average Q30=95.70%), and 32 429 491 SNP loci were detected. Population structure analysis could clearly distinguish 3 original plants, PC1 significantly differentiated Codonopsis pilosula from C. tangshen, and when K=3, C. pilosula var. modesta showed an independent genetic component. In conclusion, the tested Codonopsis germplasms have rich phenotypic and genetic diversity, and whole-genome SNP markers can clearly resolve their genetic structure. The screened high-quality core germplasms possess both excellent agronomic and quality traits, which can provide a material basis and technical support for Codonopsis variety breeding and high-quality industrial deve","PeriodicalId":52437,"journal":{"name":"Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi","volume":"51 5","pages":"1312-1322"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147729960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Mechanism of Tianwang Buxin Dan medicated serum in alleviating adenosine-induced neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis via modulation of Trpv1/AMPK pathway].","authors":"Zhuo Zhang, Jie-Cheng Jiang, Zhu-Jiang Li, Yi-Xuan Wu, Ze-Feng Zhang, Guang-Jing Xie, Ping Wang, Zuo-Feng Ma, Pan-Pan Huang, Jun Wang","doi":"10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20251110.903","DOIUrl":"10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20251110.903","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to investigate whether the medicated serum of Tianwang Buxin Dan(TWBXD) alleviates adenosine(Ado)-induced neuroinflammation and apoptosis in a co-culture system of neuronal(SK-N-SH) and astrocytic(SVG p12) cells by modulating the transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily member 1(Trpv1)/adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase(AMPK) signaling pathway. The optimal Ado concentration for model establishment and the most effective TWBXD serum concentration were determined using a CCK-8 assay. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR) was used to screen and validate the most efficient Trpv1 interference and overexpression plasmids. Experimental groups included control, Ado, Ado + ShTrpv1, Ado + OE-Trpv1, OE-Trpv1, Ado + TWBXD, and OE-Trpv1 + TWBXD groups. Apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry. Levels of interleukin-1β(IL-1β), interleukin-6(IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Immunofluorescence staining was performed to detect the expression of Trpv1 and AMPK, while Western blot analysis was used to determine the protein levels of Trpv1, AMPK-α, and nuclear factor kappa-B p65(NF-κB p65). The results showed that an inflammatory co-culture model was successfully established after exposure to 3.2 mmol·L~(-1) Ado for 48 h, and 10% TWBXD medicated serum for 48 h yielded the highest neuronal proliferation rate. Compared with the control group, the Ado group exhibited a significantly increased apoptosis rate, elevated IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels, and markedly enhanced relative fluorescence intensities of Trpv1 and AMPK and protein expression of Trpv1, p-NF-κB p65, and p-AMPKα. Compared with the Ado group, the Ado + ShTrpv1 group showed reduced apoptosis rate, significantly lowered IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels, decreased relative fluorescence intensities of Trpv1 and AMPK, and markedly downregulated protein expression of Trpv1, p-NF-κB p65, and p-AMPKα. The Ado + OE-Trpv1 group exhibited an enhanced apoptosis rate, significantly increased IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels, elevated relative fluorescence intensities of Trpv1 and AMPK, and upregulated protein expression of Trpv1, p-NF-κB p65, and p-AMPKα. The OE-Trpv1 + TWBXD group presented a decreased apoptosis rate, lowered IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels, reduced relative fluorescence intensities of Trpv1 and AMPK, and downregulated protein expression of Trpv1, p-NF-κB p65, and p-AMPKα. In conclusion, TWBXD medicated serum effectively alleviates Ado-induced neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis by inhibiting the Trpv1/AMPK signaling pathway, thereby ameliorating neuroinflammation in insomnia.</p>","PeriodicalId":52437,"journal":{"name":"Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi","volume":"51 5","pages":"1444-1453"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147730544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Traditional Chinese medicine nanoscience: principles of formula-derived nanoparticles and advanced TCM therapeutic preparations].","authors":"Hua Hua, Shuang-Fei Cai, Quan-Mei Sun, Ming-Jing Cao, Jing Liu, Dong-Ying Li, Yan-Ling Ai, Xiao-Xue Xie, Yan-Ling Ji, Chun-Ying Chen, Jun-Ning Zhao","doi":"10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20251028.302","DOIUrl":"10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20251028.302","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As a frontier field integrating traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) theory with modern nanotechnology, traditional Chinese medicine nanoscience(TCMN) is spearheading revolutionary breakthroughs in the modernization of TCM. Innovative breakthroughs in TCM nanoscience are mainly reflected in the formula-derived nanoparticles of TCM(FDN) and the formula-derived nanoparticles drug discovery(FDD), intelligent delivery of multi-active components in TCM, precision design of nanocarrier systems, and technological innovations through multidisciplinary integration. TCMN transforms the &quot;dark knowledge&quot; of formula combinations into quantifiable and controllable &quot;explicit knowledge&quot;, enabling scientific interpretation of the complex systems within TCM at the nanoscale. The formation and development of the TCMN and the principles of formula-derived nanoparticles will greatly advance the interpretation of TCM principles and their therapeutic advantages: clarifying clearly material basis(discovery of novel micro-and nano-scale active substances), elucidating the mechanism of action(multi-level dynamic network regulatory mechanism), developing innovative drugs(multi-target advanced therapy medicinal products based on TCM), and inheriting the essence(enhancing its therapeutic advantages of TCM). The future development of TCMN will exhibit distinct characteristics of in-depth multidisciplinary integration, technological paradigm innovation, and industrial ecosystem reconstruction. It is not only expected to break through the technical bottlenecks and regulatory issues currently faced by advanced therapy medicinal products of TCM, but also create a brand-new model for TCM in treating complex diseases. Furthermore, it will play an increasingly important role in treating major diseases and safeguarding human health, opening up unprecedented broad prospects for the inheritance, innovation, and international development of TCM.</p>","PeriodicalId":52437,"journal":{"name":"Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi","volume":"51 5","pages":"1217-1228"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147730570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}