Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi最新文献

{"title":"[Quality differences between periderm and root bark without periderm of Mori Cortex by HPLC fingerprint and multi-component quantitative method combined with chemical pattern recognition].","authors":"Yan-Rui Qian, Ting Li, Tong Zhang, Yue Ding","doi":"10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20251208.203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20251208.203","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An HPLC fingerprint and multi-component quantitative determination method for Mori Cortex was established, combined with chemical pattern recognition and correlation analysis, to evaluate the quality differences between the periderm and root bark without periderm. Eleven common peaks were identified in both the periderm and root bark without periderm, with similarity values ranging from 0.806-0.971 and 0.995-1.000, respectively. A method for determining six marker components was developed, showing that mulberroside A and oxyresveratrol were enriched in the root bark without periderm, whereas kuwanon G, kuwanon H, and morusin were enriched in the periderm. Chemical pattern recognition using principal component analysis(PCA), hierarchical cluster analysis(HCA), and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA) classified Mori Cortex samples into two groups, i.e., periderm and root bark without periderm, and identified four significantly differential marker components, including kuwanon G, morusin, kuwanon H, and mulberroside A. Correlation analysis indicated that the content of mulberroside A in the root bark without periderm was highly significantly correlated with the contents of oxyresveratrol, morusin M, kuwanon G, kuwanon H, and morusin. In conclusion, the established HPLC fingerprint and multi-component determination method are simple, stable, and reliable, providing a basis for evaluating quality differences between the periderm and root bark without periderm of Mori Cortex.</p>","PeriodicalId":52437,"journal":{"name":"Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi","volume":"51 18","pages":"5304-5315"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149185828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Pharmacokinetics of three main components of Angelicae Dahuricae Radix and Chuanxiong Rhizoma herb pair compatibility in rats].","authors":"Ting-Ting Xu, Jing He, Yun-Hua Liu, Zhi-Fang Huang, Yan Chen, Yu-Hong Liu, Li-Min Li, Jin-Hai Yi","doi":"10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20260530.201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20260530.201","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>High-performance liquid chromatography( HPLC) was used to determine the drug concentrations of ligustilide, imperatorin, and isoimperatorin in the rats' plasma. The rationality of the Angelicae Dahuricae Radix and Chuanxiong Rhizoma herb pair compatibility was elucidated from a pharmacokinetic perspective. Rats were administered Chuanxiong Rhizoma extract, Angelicae Dahuricae Radix extract, and the herb pair via intragastric gavage. Plasma samples were collected at different time points. Agilent Eclipse XDB-C_(18) chromatographic column(4. 6 mm×150 mm, 5 μm) was used for separation. Elution was carried out with wateracetonitrile(57 ∶43) as the mobile phase. DAS 2. 0, a piece of pharmacokinetic software, was used to calculate the pharmacokinetic parameters of each component. The results show that three components have a good linear relationship within the corresponding range. The results of precision, accuracy, recovery, matrix effect, and stability all met the requirements for quantitative analysis of biological samples. Compared with those administered Chuanxiong Rhizoma extract and Angelicae Dahuricae Radix extract via intragastric gavage, the rats administered herb pair compatibility exhibited significantly increased C_(max) and AUC of ligustilide in plasma(P&lt;0. 01), indicating a significant increase in the plasma drug concentration and bioavailability of ligustilide, as well as a significant synergistic effect. In contrast, C_(max) and AUC of imperatorin and isoimperatorin were decreased. The underlying mechanisms remain to be further elucidated.</p>","PeriodicalId":52437,"journal":{"name":"Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi","volume":"51 17","pages":"5083-5089"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149185985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Mechanism of modified Shaofu Zhuyu Decoction in antagonizing endometriosis angiogenesis based on mitophagy mediated by CaMKKβ/AMPK/HIF-1α signaling pathway].","authors":"Yuan-Huan Chen, Bin Yue, Cui-Jun Chu, Quan-Sheng Wu, Lin Chen, Bing-Xia Li, Hai-Yan Mao, Xiu-Jia Ji, Xiao-Hua Zhang, Jian Shen","doi":"10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20260511.901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20260511.901","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This paper aims to elucidate the specific action mechanism of modified Jiawei Shaofu Zhuyu Decoction in antagonizing angiogenesis in endometriosis(EM) by regulating the Ca~(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase-2(CaMKKβ)/AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK)/hypoxia-inducible factor 1α(HIF-1α) signaling pathway and inhibiting mitophagy. With the help of the random number table, the rats in the sham operation group was randomly selected from female non-pregnant SPF rats, and the remaining rats were established as EM models with kidney-Yang deficiency and blood stasis syndrome using the freeze-operation-freeze method. After successful modeling, the rats were randomly divided into a dienogest group, a high-dose modified Shaofu Zhuyu Decoction group, a low-dose modified Shaofu Zhuyu Decoction group, and a group of high-dose modified Shaofu Zhuyu Decoction + CaMKKβ inhibitor. The improvement of ectopic lesion volume was compared by observation and measurement, and the pathological changes of each group were evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining. The mitochondrial ultrastructure was observed by a transmission electron microscope. The level of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species(mtROS) was detected by MitoSOX Red fluorescent probe. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL) method was used to detect the apoptosis of each group. The localization of CaMKKβ, AMPK, and HIF-1α in ectopic tissue was observed by immunohistochemistry. The protein and mRNA expressions of the CaMKKβ/AMPK/HIF-1α signaling pathway key proteins(CaMKKβ, AMPK, p-AMPK, and HIF-1α), mitophagy-related molecules(B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2), Bcl-2/adenovirus E1B 19 kD interacting protein 3(BNIP3), microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3B(LC3B)) in ectopic tissues were detected by Western blot(WB) and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR). The expression levels of angiopoietin-2(Ang-2), vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF), intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1), and other angiogenesis-related factors in peripheral blood were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Compared with those in the sham operation group, the rats in the model group exhibited significantly increased ectopic lesions. HE staining reveals vascular dilatation and congestion in the ectopic lesion, as well as interstitial hyperplasia with inflammatory cell infiltration. The mitochondrial swelling and cristae structure destruction were observed using the transmission electron microscope. MitoSOX Red fluorescent probe shows increased mtROS. Immunohistochemistry and WB results show that the CaMKKβ/AMPK/HIF-1α signaling pathway is abnormally activated, accompanied by excessive enhancement of mitophagy(increased expression of BNIP3, LC3B, and Bcl-2). After the intervention of dienogest, high-and low-dose modified Shaofu Zhuyu Decoction, and modified Shaofu Zhuyu Decoction combined with CaMKKβ inhibitor, the ectopic lesion volume ","PeriodicalId":52437,"journal":{"name":"Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi","volume":"51 18","pages":"5385-5396"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149186088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Regan Saibisitan Granules alleviate airway inflammatory responses in asthmatic mice by regulating MAPK/NF-κB pathway].","authors":"Hui-Min Gao, Yue Wang, Ming-Bao Lin, Lei Xu, Wen-Ling Su, Jian-Guo Xing, Rui-Fang Zheng","doi":"10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20260427.401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20260427.401","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this paper was to explore the effect and mechanism of Regan Saibisitan Granules(RGS) on improving airway inflammatory responses in asthmatic mice by regulating the mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)/nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB) signaling pathway. Female Balb/c mice were randomly divided into a blank group, a model group, low-, medium-and high-dose RGS groups(0.75, 1.5, and 3 g·kg~(-1)), dexamethasone group(3 mg·kg~(-1)), and a Feining Tablets group(0.72 g·kg~(-1)) according to body weight. The asthma model was established by ovalbumin(OVA) sensitization combined with aerosol challenge. The numbers of white blood cells(WBC), eosinophils(EOS), neutrophils(NEU), and lymphocytes(LYM) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) were counted. The levels of interleukin-4(IL-4), interleukin-5(IL-5), interleukin-13(IL-13), interferon-γ(INF-γ) in BALF, as well as the secretion of immunoglobulin E(IgE), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), and interleukin-1β(IL-1β) in serum, were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) kits. The pathological changes of lung tissue were observed by hematoxylin-eosin and periodic acid-Schiff staining to comprehensively evaluate the ameliorative effect of RGS on inflammation in asthmatic mice. The protein expression levels of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2(p-ERK1/2), phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase(p-JNK), phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinase(p-p38), phosphorylated NF-κB(p-NF-κB), phosphorylated inhibitor of NF-κB α(p-IκBα), cleaved caspase-3 and B-cell lymphoma/leukemia-2-associated X protein(Bax) in lung tissue were detected by Western blot. The results showed that compared with the model group, the numbers of WBC, EOS, NEU and LYM in BALF of the RGS groups, the Feining Tablets group and the dexamethasone group decreased, and the content of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 in BALF as well as the levels of IgE, TNF-α and IL-1β in serum significantly decreased. In addition, inflammatory cell infiltration, airway wall thickening, and mucus secretion were significantly alleviated, and the levels of p-ERK1/2, p-JNK, p-p38, p-NF-κB, p-IκBα, as well as the protein levels of cleaved caspase-3 and Bax in lung tissue of the RGS groups decreased. In conclusion, RGS may inhibit inflammatory response and cell apoptosis by regulating the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway, thereby alleviating airway inflammation in asthmatic mice.</p>","PeriodicalId":52437,"journal":{"name":"Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi","volume":"51 18","pages":"5208-5215"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149185844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Action mechanism of Guben Kechuan Granules in rat models of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease based on Nrf2/SLC7A11/GPX4 signaling pathway].","authors":"Wen-Hai Yu, Qian Wang, Jia-Jia He, Yong-Sheng Zhang","doi":"10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20260428.901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20260428.901","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper aims to investigate the action mechanism of Guben Kechuan Granules in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) based on the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)/solute carrier family 7 member 11(SLC7A11)/glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4) signaling pathway. In this study, a COPD rat model was constructed using lipopolysaccharide(LPS) combined with porcine pancreatic elastase(PPE). The rats were divided into a low-dose Guben Kechuan Granule group(0.54 g·kg~(-1)), a high-dose Guben Kechuan Granule group(1.08 g·kg~(-1)), and a dexamethasone group(0.2 mg·kg~(-1)). After four weeks of intervention, the body weight and pulmonary function of rats were examined; the pathological changes of lung tissue were observed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining; the mitochondrial structure of lung tissue was observed by transmission electron microscope(TEM); the levels of malondialdehyde(MDA), reduced glutathione(GSH), Fe~(2+), and total iron ions in lung tissue were detected by biochemical assays; the inflammatory factor levels in serum were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) kits; the protein expressions of Nrf2, SLC7A11, and GPX4 in lung tissue were detected by Western blot; the mRNA levels of Nrf2, SLC7A11, and GPX4 in lung tissue were determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR). The results show that compared with those in the model group, the rats in the Guben Kechuan Granule group exhibit significantly increased body weight, improved pulmonary function, and alleviated pathological injury and inflammation in lung tissue. The levels of tumour necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-1β(IL-1β), interleukin-6(IL-6), interleukin-8(IL-8), and transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β) in serum were markedly decreased, while the level of interleukin-10(IL-10) was significantly elevated. Mitochondrial damage in lung tissue was significantly alleviated, with intact double-layer membrane structure and recovered morphology of inner membrane cristae. In addition, the levels of MDA, Fe~(2+), and total iron ions in lung tissue were reduced, whereas the GSH level was restored. These findings demonstrate that Guben Kechuan Granules could effectively alleviate oxidative stress and ferroptosis, improve pulmonary function, and alleviate inflammation in COPD rats. Molecular mechanistic studies reveal that the mice in the Guben Kechuan Granule group exhibit significantly up-regulated protein and mRNA expressions of Nrf2, SLC7A11, and GPX4 in lung tissue, compared with those in the model group. In summary, Guben Kechuan Granules can effectively improve pulmonary function and alleviate inflammation in COPD rats. Its action mechanism may be associated with activating the Nrf2/SLC7A11/GPX4 pathway and inhibiting ferroptosis in lung tissue.</p>","PeriodicalId":52437,"journal":{"name":"Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi","volume":"51 18","pages":"5216-5224"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149185950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Action mechanism of Total Crocin Tablets in treatment of rhabdomyolysis-induced acute kidney injury based on proteomics].","authors":"Cong Xu, Fang-Bo Zhang, Hua-Yun Yu","doi":"10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20260529.501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20260529.501","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rhabdomyolysis-induced acute kidney injury( AKI) lacks specific treatment drugs. This study investigated the protective effect and mechanism of Total Crocin Tablets against this disease. Rat models of AKI were induced by injecting 50% glycerol into the hind limbs. They were randomly divided into a normal control group, a model group, Total Crocin Tablet low-(7. 5 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)), medium-(15 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)), high-dose(30 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)) groups, and a catechin group(80 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)). Prophylactic administration was given by gavage for seven days, and evaluation was conducted 24 h after modeling. The results show that Total Crocin Tablets significantly reduce the levels of serum creatinine(SCr), blood urea nitrogen(BUN), and creatine kinase(CK) in serum in a dose-dependent manner, improving renal function and muscle injury. The levels of interleukin(IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α( TNF-α) in serum are decreased. The myoglobin( Mb) expression in both serum and kidney tissue is downregulated. The superoxide dismutase( SOD) activity is increased, while the levels of lactate dehydrogenase( LDH) and malondialdehyde( MDA) are decreased, thereby alleviating oxidative stress. The pathological damage in muscle and kidney is attenuated. Tandem mass tag(TMT)-based quantitative proteomics was used to screen 13 differentially expressed proteins, both fatty acid-binding protein 4(FABP4) and alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 1(ORM1) were significantly upregulated in the kidneys of the model group, while treatment with Total Crocin Tablets reversed this change. These differentially expressed proteins were primarily enriched in pathways related to fatty acid degradation, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor(PPAR) signaling, glutathione metabolism, and inflammatory response. Western blot validation confirmed the downregulation of FABP4 and ORM1 expression. In conclusion, Total Crocin Tablets protect against rhabdomyolysis-induced AKI by downregulating multiple targets such as FABP4 and ORM1, regulating lipid metabolism, and inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress, thereby providing a basis for clinical translation.</p>","PeriodicalId":52437,"journal":{"name":"Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi","volume":"51 17","pages":"5073-5082"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149186053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Effect and mechanism of Panlongqi Tablets in promoting tibial fractures in rats via improving vascularization-osteogenesis coupling].","authors":"Jia-Lin Wang, Xiao-Xuan Li, Shuang-Rong Gao, Qian-Qian Yan, Qing-Yu Zhao, Chu Zhang, Su-Ya Zhang, Chu-Pei Zheng, Jian-le Yang, Teng-Fei Han, Chun-Fang Liu, Na Lin","doi":"10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20260113.702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20260113.702","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>By using a rat model of tibial transverse fracture,the effect of Panlongqi Tablets( PLQP) in promoting the vascularization-osteogenesis coupling of H-type vessels in fractured rats was observed. The related mechanism was explored through network pharmacology,molecular docking,and animal experiments. 72 SD rats were randomly divided into the sham operation group,the model group,the low-dose(0. 16 g·kg~(-1)),medium-dose(0. 32 g·kg~(-1)),and high-dose(0. 64 g·kg~(-1)) groups of PLQP,and Jieguqili Capsule group(0. 10 g·kg~(-1)). Each group had 12 rats. Except for the sham operation group,a tibial open fracture model was established. Each treatment group was given the drug for 21 days. The efficacy of PLQP in promoting fracture healing was evaluated by detecting the local pain and mechanical pain threshold of the affected foot,as well as methods such as X-ray of the fracture site,biomechanical testing,and HE staining. The corresponding targets of the chemical components of PLQP in the fracture transcriptome dataset of the GEO database were collected for network pharmacology analysis. Through molecular docking simulation,as well as immunofluorescence or Western blot detection,the expression levels of H-type vessel markers such as cell adhesion molecule(CD31~+) and endothelial protein(Emcn~+) generated in the fractured area,and the expression levels of the vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)-vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2(VEGFR2)-Notch-1-Noggin signaling pathway molecules were detected. The results show that PLQP could significantly increase the mechanical pain and local pain thresholds after fracture in rats,promote the formation of callus at the fracture ends,improve the biomechanical characteristics of fractured rats,and promote the co-expression level of CD31~+Emcn~+Osterix~+ in the callus. Network pharmacology analysis reveals that VEGFR2 is the key target for PLQP to promote fracture healing,and it has good binding activity with the blood-distribution components of PLQP. Furthermore,Western blot and immunofluorescence experiments demonstrate that PLQP significantly increases the levels of VEGF,VEGFR2,Notch-1,and Noggin proteins,as well as the co-expression area of CD31~+Noggin~+,CD31~+Notch-1~+,and Osterix~+VEGFA~+ in the callus. The above results indicate that PLQP has analgesic and fracture healing-promoting effects and can promote the vascularization-osteogenesis coupling of Htype vessels by activating the VEGF-VEGFR2-Notch-1-Noggin signaling pathway. The related results are helpful for clarifying the efficacy content of PLQP from the perspective of vascularization-osteogenesis coupling,providing a scientific basis and theoretical support for guiding clinical application.</p>","PeriodicalId":52437,"journal":{"name":"Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi","volume":"51 17","pages":"4860-4869"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149186076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Efficacy-toxicity duality of Tripterygium wilfordii in treatment of rheumatic and immune diseases: mechanisms, strategies for toxicity attenuation and efficacy enhancement, and future perspectives].","authors":"Xiang Li, Yue Chen, Liu-Yang Guo, Zhi-Chao Yu, Ying-Ying Song, Xue-Ping Zhou","doi":"10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20260416.301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20260416.301","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rheumatic and immune diseases constitute a major global disease burden. Tripterygium wilfordii demonstrates remarkable therapeutic efficacy in treating rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and related conditions. However, its prominent hepatic, renal, and reproductive toxicities engender a characteristic &quot;efficacy-toxicity duality&quot;, thereby limiting its broader clinical adoption and safe application. This study systematically synthesized domestic and international research over the past two decades to construct a regulatory network governing the &quot;efficacy-toxicity duality&quot; of T. wilfordii from an integrative &quot;component-pathway-spatiotemporal-host(individual)&quot; perspective. It dissected the underlying mechanisms linking efficacy and toxicity, elucidating that key constituents such as triptolide exert dual effects through intervention in shared signaling pathways, including nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3), where the specific outcome of efficacy versus toxicity is dictated by defined &quot;dose-time&quot; windows, tissue distribution patterns, and individual host factors. The study further reviewed toxicity attenuation and efficacy enhancement strategies, including structural modification, targeted delivery, and combination pharmacotherapy. In response to three translational bottlenecks-inconsistent quality, inefficient delivery, and lagging evaluation-this work proposed the establishment of end-to-end quality control standards, the development of intelligent responsive delivery systems, and the integration of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence and organoids into an advanced &quot;efficacy-toxicity&quot; evaluation framework. Collectively, these efforts aim to provide an integrative theoretical framework and translatable innovation pathways for advancing T. wilfordii toward safe, controllable, and precision-oriented modern pharmaceuticals, thereby facilitating the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine and its global clinical dissemination.</p>","PeriodicalId":52437,"journal":{"name":"Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi","volume":"51 18","pages":"5225-5232"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149186099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Cloning and functional characterization of O-methyltransferase genes in lignan synthesis pathway of Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus].","authors":"Lan Kang, Ya-Peng Wang, Lan-Yu Zhou, Guo-Wei Jia, Jia-Dian Wang, Ya-Ting Hu, Lu-Qi Huang","doi":"10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20260415.402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20260415.402","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dibenzocyclooctene lignans are the primary bioactive constituents of the TCM Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus,exhibiting diverse pharmacological activities including hepatoprotective,anti-inflammatory,and antioxidant effects. Their biosynthesis in plants involves the conversion of pregomisin catalyzed by various enzymes,a process that includes multiple O-methylation steps,which are predominantly catalyzed by O-methyltransferase(OMT). This study cloned an OMT gene,designated Ssp OMT13,from Schisandra sphenanthera. The open reading frame of Ssp OMT13 was 1 053 bp in length,encoding a protein of 350 amino acids. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that Ssp OMT13 contained a characteristic methyltransferase domain,classifying it as a type Ⅰ methyltransferase. The recombinant prokaryotic expression plasmid was constructed,and the protein was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified. In vitro enzymatic assays demonstrated that Ssp OMT13 possessed dual catalytic activities: it catalyzed the conversion of gomisin J to gomisin K1,and further catalyzed the conversion of gomisin K1 to schisandrin A. Molecular docking combined with sitedirected mutagenesis identified key amino acid residues Pro27,Leu30,Val110,Met113,and Trp299,which were critical for its catalytic activity. This study expands the understanding of key enzyme genes involved in lignan secondary metabolism and provides a significant research basis for elucidating the mechanism of quality formation of Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus.</p>","PeriodicalId":52437,"journal":{"name":"Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi","volume":"51 17","pages":"4937-4948"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149186110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Effects of Dendrobium huoshanense polysaccharide in inhibiting intestinal fibrosis in ulcerative colitis via macrophage IL-36α pathway].","authors":"Qi-Guo Wu, Jun-Wei Zhao, Pei-Liang Zhang, Lan Han, Dai-Yin Peng","doi":"10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20260518.801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20260518.801","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the intervention effects and mechanisms of Dendrobium huoshanense polysaccharide(DHP) on intestinal fibrosis in mice with dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced chronic ulcerative colitis(UC). A chronic UC mouse model was established by administering 2% DSS in drinking water for 56 days. Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into a normal group, a model group, a low-dose DHP(50 mg·kg~(-1)) group, and a high-dose DHP(200 mg·kg~(-1)) group. Disease activity index(DAI), colon length, histopathological changes( HE and sirius red staining), hydroxyproline( HYP) content, and serum inflammatory cytokine levels were assessed. In vitro, phorbol myristate acetate(PMA)-induced human monocytic leukemia cells(THP-1) were differentiated into macrophages and co-cultured with transforming growth factor-β1( TGF-β1)-stimulated normal human fibroblasts(CCD-18Co) to analyze the effects of DHP on key molecules in the interleukin( IL)-36α signaling pathway and fibrosis-related markers. The results showed that DHP significantly improved body weight loss(P&lt;0. 05), elevated DAI scores, and colon shortening(P&lt; 0. 01) in UC mice. It markedly reduced colonic epithelial injury, inflammatory cell infiltration, and submucosal collagen deposition, and decreased HYP content(P&lt; 0. 001). DHP also significantly downregulated serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), IL-6, and IL-36α, as well as colonic phosphorylated p65(p-p65) expression(P&lt;0. 01), while increasing the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 level(P&lt;0. 01). Immunofluorescence and flow cytometry analyses confirmed that DHP inhibited infiltration of colonic lamina propria monocytes(CD11b~+F4~/80~+) and neutrophils(CD11b~+Gr-1~+), reduced IL-36α secretion by macrophages, and decreased α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA) expression and activated fibroblast numbers. Western blot and immunohistochemistry further revealed that DHP downregulated the expression of α-SMA and type Ⅰ collagen(ColⅠ) in colonic tissue. In vitro, DHP inhibited M1 macrophage polarization and nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB) activation, significantly reduced the secretion of IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-36α(P&lt;0. 01), and suppressed fibroblast activation and the expression of α-SMA and ColⅠ in CCD-18Co cells by downregulating macrophage-derived IL-36α. In conclusion, DHP alleviates intestinal fibrosis in chronic UC by regulating the macrophage NF-κB/IL-36α signaling axis, thereby interrupting the pathological cascade of immune cell infiltration, inflammatory amplification, fibroblast activation, and extracellular matrix deposition. This study provides new experimental evidence and potential therapeutic targets for natural medicine interventions in UC-associated intestinal fibrosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":52437,"journal":{"name":"Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi","volume":"51 17","pages":"4993-5002"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149185192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}