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O poprawności językowej tekstów generowanych przez SI na przykładzie ChatuGPT 以 ChatGPT 为例，论人工智能生成文本的语言正确性
LingVaria Pub Date : 2024-05-06 DOI: 10.12797/lv.19.2024.37.08
R. Mazur
{"title":"O poprawności językowej tekstów generowanych przez SI na przykładzie ChatuGPT","authors":"R. Mazur","doi":"10.12797/lv.19.2024.37.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12797/lv.19.2024.37.08","url":null,"abstract":"LANGUAGE ACCURACY OF TEXTS GENERATED BY AI: A CASE STUDY OF CHATGPT \u0000The article aims to assess the linguistic accuracy of texts generated by ChatGPT, based on queries that mirror the instructions found in the 2023 secondary school final exam in Polish language and literature. The analysis focused on identifying and classifying language errors and evaluating their frequency. The results of the analysis revealed a varied level of accuracy in AI-generated texts. Most errors occurred in texts containing more complex constructions, where correct formulation required a comprehensive understanding of grammatical rules. The conclusions drawn from the analysis offer insights into the limitations of AI, which users should be mindful of when editing texts using chatbots.","PeriodicalId":52400,"journal":{"name":"LingVaria","volume":"31 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141007784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Anotacja socjolingwistyczna w Korpusie dawnych polskich tekstów dramatycznych (1772–1939) 波兰旧戏剧文本（1772-1939 年）语料库中的社会语言注释
LingVaria Pub Date : 2024-05-06 DOI: 10.12797/lv.19.2024.37.10
Magdalena Pastuch, Barbara Mitrenga, K. Wąsińska
{"title":"Anotacja socjolingwistyczna w Korpusie dawnych polskich tekstów dramatycznych (1772–1939)","authors":"Magdalena Pastuch, Barbara Mitrenga, K. Wąsińska","doi":"10.12797/lv.19.2024.37.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12797/lv.19.2024.37.10","url":null,"abstract":"SOCIOLINGUISTIC ANNOTATION IN THE CORPUS OF OLD POLISH DRAMATIC TEXTS (1772–1939) \u0000The article presents the criteria applied in the sociolinguistic annotation in the Corpus of old Polish dramatic texts (1772–1939) (KorTeDa). This level of annotation was about assigning the three basic sociolinguistic variables: age, sex and social status to all the utterances of drama characters (except for collective statements). Six values were selected for determining age (underage, young adult, middle- aged adult, older adult (senior), indeterminate adult, indeterminate); three for sex (female, male, indeterminate); and four for social status (low, medium, high, indeterminate). The article shows the interdependence between those factors and the historical, social and cultural context. Additionally, the authors illustrated substantial and technical problems they faced during the process of this type of annotation. KorTeDa may become an important tool for analysing the history of the Polish language taking into account the methods of corpus linguistics and sociopragmatics.","PeriodicalId":52400,"journal":{"name":"LingVaria","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141010384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
O wybranych archaizmach w polskiej leksyce ludycznej 关于波兰民间词汇中的某些古语
LingVaria Pub Date : 2024-05-06 DOI: 10.12797/lv.19.2024.37.13
Beata Raszewska-Żurek
{"title":"O wybranych archaizmach w polskiej leksyce ludycznej","authors":"Beata Raszewska-Żurek","doi":"10.12797/lv.19.2024.37.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12797/lv.19.2024.37.13","url":null,"abstract":"SELECTED ARCHAISMS IN POLISH LUDIC LEXIS \u0000The article is dedicated to the history of old lexemes from the conceptual field of zabawa [play], which today are already archaisms: krotochwila [joke], krotochwilić [to joke], kłam [a lie], przekwint/ przekwinta [excessive elegance] and wydwarzanie [playing jokes]. The text is a contribution to the analysis of Polish ludic vocabulary in the diachronic aspect. The analysis is based on dictionaries and corpuses of historical Polish. A review of the history of just a few lexemes showed that, within the concept of ZABAWA, changes were taking place which included the withdrawal of lexemes present in this conceptual field from the beginning. These changes concerned both words whose presence in the field was strongly marked (krotochwilić, krotochwila), as well as those that appeared in it only occasionally (przekwinta, wydwarzanie). Regardless of this, all of them eventually left not only the conceptual field of PLAY, but also the Polish language in general.","PeriodicalId":52400,"journal":{"name":"LingVaria","volume":"57 37","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141009448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
O wartościujących etykietach językowych używanych względem małych dzieci 关于对幼儿使用的带有价值观色彩的语言标签
LingVaria Pub Date : 2024-05-06 DOI: 10.12797/lv.19.2024.37.07
Barbara Żebrowska-Mazur
{"title":"O wartościujących etykietach językowych używanych względem małych dzieci","authors":"Barbara Żebrowska-Mazur","doi":"10.12797/lv.19.2024.37.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12797/lv.19.2024.37.07","url":null,"abstract":"ON EVALUATIVE LINGUISTIC LABELS USED IN REGARD TO YOUNG CHILDREN \u0000The author of the article attempts to describe the linguistic phenomenon of labelling and stigmatization concerning children. In the introduction, the issue of child discrimination, known as adultism, is addressed. Then, the author discusses the origins and mechanisms of pejorative terms which frequently appear in online discussions related to motherhood and parenthood. In the analytical section, the author presents the most commonly used and negatively charged personal expressions, extracted,e. g. from the Monco PL search engine: bombelek, gówniak, kaszojad, purchlę and purchlak [pejorative terms denoting children]. Possible etymologies and usage examples are provided. Originally unequivocally negative terms for children also permeate colloquial language and gradually become neutralized or serve to distance oneself from parenthood. However, in this context, it’s worth referring to the ethics of language and promoting inclusive communication, which should also extend to talking about children and communicating with them.","PeriodicalId":52400,"journal":{"name":"LingVaria","volume":"50 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141010097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
On the origin of toponym Rajgród 关于拉杰格罗德地名的由来
LingVaria Pub Date : 2024-05-06 DOI: 10.12797/lv.19.2024.37.15
R. Kregždys
{"title":"On the origin of toponym Rajgród","authors":"R. Kregždys","doi":"10.12797/lv.19.2024.37.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12797/lv.19.2024.37.15","url":null,"abstract":"ON THE ORIGIN OF THE TOPONYM RAJGRÓD \u0000The article focuses on the etymological analysis of the place-name Pol. Rajgród ‘a town in Grajewo County, Podlaskie Voivodeship’. It has been stated that the stronghold known as the “Castle Hill” in Rajgród was founded by Yotvingians. Referring to the etymological analysis of the West Germanic forms of the analysed onym and its variants, such as Rongart 1360 etc., the author of the article presents a new hypothesis concerning the origin of Pol. Rajgród. In summing up the research results, one may conclude that the toponym Pol. Rajgród is to be ascribed to adapted place-names of Germanic origin, i. e. (1) CS Раи1253 ← top. *Rain / *Rein (/ *Reyn) ‘a frontier’ ↔ top. MLG †Reyne 1292, 1293, 1489; (2) Raygrod 1244, Reygrod 1429 etc. (↔ Rajgród) ← *Reingarden / *Reingart(h) ‘a frontier area’; (3) Rongart 1360, Rogors 1422 etc. ← sub. MLG ronne(bôm) ‘a border pole, i.e. a frontier, a march’.","PeriodicalId":52400,"journal":{"name":"LingVaria","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141009430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Specyfika staropolszczyzny a anotacja gramatyczna. O lematyzacji tekstu staropolskiego 古波兰语的特殊性和语法注释。关于古波兰语文本的词法化
LingVaria Pub Date : 2024-05-06 DOI: 10.12797/lv.19.2024.37.11
Magdalena Wismont, Kinga Zalejarz, Ewa Nowak-Pasterska, Dorota Rojszczak-Robińska
{"title":"Specyfika staropolszczyzny a anotacja gramatyczna. O lematyzacji tekstu staropolskiego","authors":"Magdalena Wismont, Kinga Zalejarz, Ewa Nowak-Pasterska, Dorota Rojszczak-Robińska","doi":"10.12797/lv.19.2024.37.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12797/lv.19.2024.37.11","url":null,"abstract":"SPECIFIC FEATURES OF OLD POLISH LANGUAGE AND GRAMMATICAL ANNOTATION: LEMMATIZATION OF OLD POLISH TEXTS \u0000The article is dedicated to grammatical annotation of Old Polish texts. It discusses the problem with the lemmatization of a medieval text. In the Apocrypha tool, a lemma is not the same as the basic form of a word. It is only a dictionary form, or a kind of a label. The author of the article presents the reasons for this decision and the adopted rules for assigning lemmas to different grammatical classes. The article also shows the criteria of the repartition of lemmas. These criteria are the frequency of the basic form in the text or texts, the persistence of the form or the differentiation of meanings. Third person pronouns turned out to be particularly difficult for lemmatization. According to the accepted rules, they have a gender, but do not conjugate with a gender (which forced, for example, the adoption of the masculine lemma ONY). The other examples are forms such as siebie, sobie [self], for which the lemma JA was adopted. The article also describes the issues of determining the lemma boundary when annotating words conjugated with different single morphemes: particles, agglutinants or residual forms of personal pronouns. All of the solutions adopted in the tool and presented in the article aimed at respecting the Old Polish language specific features while facilitating the analysis of the material.","PeriodicalId":52400,"journal":{"name":"LingVaria","volume":"64 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141011704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Analiza semantyczna wybranych jednostek języka związanych z wydawaniem pieniędzy 与花钱有关的选定语言单位的语义分析
LingVaria Pub Date : 2024-05-06 DOI: 10.12797/lv.19.2024.37.06
D. Kruk
{"title":"Analiza semantyczna wybranych jednostek języka związanych z wydawaniem pieniędzy","authors":"D. Kruk","doi":"10.12797/lv.19.2024.37.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12797/lv.19.2024.37.06","url":null,"abstract":"A SEMANTIC ANALYSIS OF SELECTED LANGUAGE UNITS RELATED TO THE CONCEPT OF SPENDING MONEY \u0000The aim of the article is the delimitation and semantic analysis of language units represented in the Polish language by the forms: wykosztować się [spend a lot of money], szarpnąć się [buy something expensive], zrujnować się, spłukać się [spend all one’s money] and szastać [spend money in a reckless manner]. The author distinguishes the relevant language units and carries out their analysis according to the assumptions of reductionist semantics within the structuralist tradition which sets a clear boundary between semantics and pragmatics. The effect of the analysis conducted by the author is the identification of verbal units in the form of [ktośi] [somebody] wykosztował się na [cośj], [ktośi] szarpnął się na [cośj], [ktośi] zrujnował się na [cośj], [ktośi] spłukał się, as well as [ktośi] szasta [czymśj: pieniądze [money]]. The author describes the semantic properties of the distinguished lexemes and formulates explications of the notions assigned to them.","PeriodicalId":52400,"journal":{"name":"LingVaria","volume":"12 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141009699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Frazeologia gestyczna – znaczenie gestu a znaczenie idiomu 手势用语--手势的含义与成语的含义
LingVaria Pub Date : 2024-05-06 DOI: 10.12797/lv.19.2024.37.02
Izabela Kraśnicka
{"title":"Frazeologia gestyczna – znaczenie gestu a znaczenie idiomu","authors":"Izabela Kraśnicka","doi":"10.12797/lv.19.2024.37.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12797/lv.19.2024.37.02","url":null,"abstract":"GESTURAL PHRASEOLOGY – THE RELATIONS BETWEEN THE MEANING OF A GESTURE AND THE MEANING OF AN IDIOM \u0000The aim of the article is to discuss the relationship between the meaning of a gesture and the meaning of an idiom which is a literal description of this gesture, i. e. the so-called gestural phraseme (e. g. machnąć na coś ręką [literally: wave your hand at something; metaphorically: give up something], zacierać ręce [rub your hands], rozkładać ręce [throw up one’s hands]). Selected examples of gestures and their phraseological equivalents were discussed, also taking into account their meanings created in direct dialogue. This is particularly important because the meaning of many gestures, which are part of human communicative activity, depends on the context, which, in this case, is the speaker’s entire utterance. Moreover, analyzing gestures and idioms in the dialogue allows us to trace possible ways of co-occurring of these two semiotic modes, which, in turn, sheds some light on the functions of nonverbal behaviour in creating the meaning of utterances. Thus, the research material will contain recordings of TV programs which show politicians’ speeches and utterances of other famous people, thanks to which it is possible to watch spontaneous gesticulation accompanying speech. Conclusions from qualitative research tend to distinguish three types of relationships between a gesture and its idiomatic description: a gesture with a phraseological description accompanies an utterance which it can complement semantically; the gesture precedes the statement, announcing its content; the gesture occurs simultaneously with the idiom that describes it.","PeriodicalId":52400,"journal":{"name":"LingVaria","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141008885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Kilka pytań o samotną matkę i samodzielną matkę i ich opis leksykograficzny 关于单身母亲和单亲母亲的一些问题及其词典描述
LingVaria Pub Date : 2024-05-06 DOI: 10.12797/lv.19.2024.37.05
Katarzyna Dróżdż-Łuszczyk
{"title":"Kilka pytań o samotną matkę i samodzielną matkę i ich opis leksykograficzny","authors":"Katarzyna Dróżdż-Łuszczyk","doi":"10.12797/lv.19.2024.37.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12797/lv.19.2024.37.05","url":null,"abstract":"A FEW QUESTIONS ABOUT SAMOTNA MATKA AND SAMODZIELNA MATKA, AND THEIR LEXICOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION \u0000The author raises questions about how the terms samotna matka [single mother] and samodzielna matka [independent mother] are accounted for in a lexicographic description, whether they are considered discontinuous units, and what relationships exist between them. The author of the article presents corpus data that allows dating the appearance of the term samotna matka and the collocation samodzielna matka in Polish. The author comments on selected definitions of the adjective samotny (lonely). Then, she presents arguments in favour of recognising the combination samotna matka as a linguistic unit. Similar arguments were presented for the collocation samodzielna matka. The article also addresses issues of differences in valuation associated with the discussed collocations and indicates how a new collocation affects the meaning of the older unit.","PeriodicalId":52400,"journal":{"name":"LingVaria","volume":"51 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141009896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Okazjonalność przymiotników temporalnych w języku polskim 波兰语中时间形容词的偶发性
LingVaria Pub Date : 2024-05-06 DOI: 10.12797/lv.19.2024.37.04
Maciej Grochowski
{"title":"Okazjonalność przymiotników temporalnych w języku polskim","authors":"Maciej Grochowski","doi":"10.12797/lv.19.2024.37.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12797/lv.19.2024.37.04","url":null,"abstract":"OCCASIONAL USE OF TEMPORAL ADJECTIVES IN POLISH \u0000Occasional expressions help in referring the predicate to an extralinguistic object, and they serve as a means of its identification. The author of the article presents semantic descriptions of the following Polish temporal adjectives which express the simultaneity of the action with the speech act, namely aktualny [up-to-date], obecny [present], bieżący [current], dzisiejszy [today’s], teraźniejszy [presentday]. These units can be used occasionally. In this case, they are characterized by several syntactic features. First, they occur only in attribitive positions, never in predicative ones. Second, they cannot be negated. Third, they do not occur with indefinite pronouns. Fourth, they cannot co-occur with metapredicative operators. Fifth, they are not gradable.","PeriodicalId":52400,"journal":{"name":"LingVaria","volume":"359 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141006591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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