City and Environment Interactions最新文献

{"title":"Assessing heat risk in a sub-saharan African humid city, Lagos, Nigeria, using numerical modelling and open-source geospatial socio-demographic datasets","authors":"Oluwafemi Benjamin Obe,&nbsp;Tobi Eniolu Morakinyo,&nbsp;Gerald Mills","doi":"10.1016/j.cacint.2023.100128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cacint.2023.100128","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In Sub-Saharan Africa, many cities are facing an increased risk of heat due to climate change and rapid urbanization. This poses a particular threat in areas with limited adaptive capacity. However, there is a lack of comprehensive heat risk assessment in the region, possibly due to the absence of high-resolution weather data. This study aims to address this gap by proposing and demonstrating a methodology for mapping high-risk areas in a tropical humid city, specifically focusing on Lagos, Nigeria. The approach utilises advanced numerical modelling techniques and open-source geospatial data.</p><p>The urbanised Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model is employed to simulate Humidex-based heat stress during a specific heatwave event in March 2020. Open-source high resolution geospatial datasets were used to assess heat exposure and vulnerability. The urban areas were classified based on the Local Climate Zone (LCZ) scheme. Spatial analysis techniques, including Moran’s <em>I</em> test and Optimized Hot Spot Analysis (OHSA), were used to identify spatial clustering patterns and hot spots of heat risk areas.</p><p>Moreover, using <em>Gi*</em> statistics in OHSA, the risk layer was categorised into hot, cold, and non-significant spots at various levels of significance (90 %, 95 %, and 99 %). Mapping the hot spots at the highest confidence level of 99 % identified Critical Heat Risk Zones (CHRZ), covering an area of approximately 423 km². The results showed significant heat risk in highly urbanised LCZs. Further investigation indicated that the largest proportion of high-risk zones corresponded to densely populated and highly urbanised LCZs- LCZ3 (59 %), LCZ 6(21 %), and LCZ 7(17 %). Notably, these areas coincide with two well-known slums in Lagos, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions and planning measures in these areas.</p><p>The findings highlight the magnitude and extent of heat risk within the city and emphasize the urgent need for targeted climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies in the identified high-risk zones.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52395,"journal":{"name":"City and Environment Interactions","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100128"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590252023000302/pdfft?md5=f961004439b5bc3552364d44f7d48bca&pid=1-s2.0-S2590252023000302-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138480244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards adequate policy enhancement: An AI-driven decision tree model for efficient recognition and classification of EPA status via multi-emission parameters","authors":"Adeboye Awomuti ,&nbsp;Philip Kofi Alimo ,&nbsp;George Lartey-Young ,&nbsp;Stephen Agyeman ,&nbsp;Tosin Yinka Akintunde ,&nbsp;Adebobola Ololade Agbeja ,&nbsp;Olayinka Oderinde ,&nbsp;Oluwarotimi Williams Samuel ,&nbsp;Henry Otobrise","doi":"10.1016/j.cacint.2023.100127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cacint.2023.100127","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Accurate and timely evaluation and assessment of emission data and its impact on environmental status has been a key challenge due to the conventional manual approach utilized for independently computing most emission parameters. To resolve this long-standing issue, we proposed an Artificial Intelligence (AI)-driven Decision Tree model to adequately classify Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) status based on multiple Emission Parameters. The model's performance was systematically evaluated using multiple emission parameters obtained from a two-stroke motorcycle dataset collected in Nigeria across various metrics such as K-S Statistics, Confusion Matrix, Correlation Heat Map, Decision Tree, Validation Curve, and Threshold Plot. The K-S Statistics plot's experimental results showed a considerable correlation between HC, CO, and the target variable, with values ranging from 0.75 to 0.80. At the same time, CO₂ and O₂ do not correlate with the target variable with values between 0.00 and 0.09. The Confusion Matrix revealed that the proposed model has an overall accuracy of 99.9% with 481 true positive predictions and 75 true negative predictions, indicating the effectiveness of the proposed AI-driven model. In conclusion, our proposed AI-driven model can effectively classify EPA status based on multiple emission parameters with high accuracy, which may spur positive advancement in policy enhancement for proper environmental management.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52395,"journal":{"name":"City and Environment Interactions","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100127"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590252023000296/pdfft?md5=34fe3521efc97f88eb5f01f9e4a5ff32&pid=1-s2.0-S2590252023000296-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138436670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surface temperature variation among traditional and modern residential forms in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Implications for land use planning","authors":"Tilahun Mulatu ,&nbsp;Hayal Desta","doi":"10.1016/j.cacint.2023.100126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cacint.2023.100126","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Addis Ababa, a rapidly urbanizing city in Ethiopia, has witnessed a significant transformation in residential forms, with modern housing becoming increasingly prevalent alongside traditional Mud and Wood houses. Despite the widespread belief that modern housings improve the living conditions of residents in African cities, the influence of these residential forms on parameters of livability, here surface temperature, remains understudied. This study aims to determine the change in surface temperature across time and explore the differences in surface temperature between traditional and modern residential forms in Addis Ababa. This research utilizes data on residential forms and remotely sensed surface temperature data to investigate spatio-temporal changes in surface temperature. The analysis involves the use of Welch t-tests to examine the changes over time and Kruskal-Wallis test to compare temperature variations among different residential forms. The findings reveal a significant temperature increase of 2.2 °C in Addis Ababa, with modern residential forms exhibiting the highest surface temperature both in 2006 and 2016. However, when looking at change in surface temperature between 2006 and 2016, traditional residential forms are getting rapidly hotter than their modern counterparts. We concluded that the current boost in modern residential forms exacerbated the surface temperature in the city. To address the issue of increasing surface temperature, land use planning strategies are proposed, including the implementation of well-designed and large-scale infill developments with ample green spaces, the establishment and enforcement of green space ordinances, and halting the regularization of informal settlements.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52395,"journal":{"name":"City and Environment Interactions","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100126"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590252023000284/pdfft?md5=10dccb22c3defa9b397fdd7a493b3d97&pid=1-s2.0-S2590252023000284-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72207150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of COVID-19 lockdown on particulate matters concentration: Case of land use regression difference modeling in Bangkok, Thailand","authors":"Patanapong Sanghatawatana ,&nbsp;Phathinan Thaithatkul ,&nbsp;Ornicha Anuchitchanchai ,&nbsp;Jamison Liang ,&nbsp;Saksith Chalermpong","doi":"10.1016/j.cacint.2023.100125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cacint.2023.100125","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>COVID-19 lockdowns around the world led to significant reductions in anthropogenic emissions, especially in developing countries across Asia. Our study, conducted in Bangkok, Thailand presents a more granular picture; while the annual average fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) decreased by 23.8% during lockdowns, these pandemic restrictions had relatively less impact on particulate matter (PM₁₀) and coarse particles (PM_c). To provide a more comprehensive understanding of the effects of lockdown measures on particulate matter concentrations, this study employed a Land Use Regression (LUR) model. This research confirmed that a reduction in anthropogenic emissions, particularly in commercial and institutional areas could potentially reduce the PM_2.5 concentration. Our results indicated that residential land use in Bangkok was not associated with higher PM_2.5 levels than before the COVID-19 pandemic although Bangkok residents spent more time at home during lockdowns. In addition, Buddhist temple activities did not have a significant impact on PM_2.5 levels. Although deaths due to COVID-19 and air pollutants from furnace cremations increased, the impact of cremations on PM_2.5 was offset by a decrease in normal temple activities, such as burning incense. These evolving changes in anthropogenic emissions specific to different land uses deserve special attention from policymakers, especially as the Thai economy resumes full operations post-pandemic.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52395,"journal":{"name":"City and Environment Interactions","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100125"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49729970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into heat islands at the regional scale using a data-driven approach","authors":"Nicola Colaninno","doi":"10.1016/j.cacint.2023.100124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cacint.2023.100124","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon is crucial in the context of climate change. However, while substantial attention has been given to studying UHIs within cities, our understanding at the regional level still needs to be improved. This study delves into the intricate dynamics of the regional heat island (RHI) by examining its relationship with land use/land cover (LULC), vegetation, and elevation. The objective is to enhance our knowledge of RHI to inform effective mitigation strategies. The research employs a data-driven approach, leveraging satellite data and spatial modeling, examining surface and canopy-layer regional heat islands, and considering daytime and nighttime variations. To assess the impact of LULC, the study evaluates three main categories: anthropized (urbanized), agricultural, and wooded/semi-natural environments. Furthermore, it delves into the influence of vegetation on RHI and incorporates elevation data to understand its role in RHI intensity. The findings reveal meaningful variations in heat islands across different LULCs, providing essential insights. Although urbanized areas exhibit the highest RHI intensity, agricultural regions contribute notably to RHI due to land use changes and reduced vegetation cover. This emphasizes the significant impact of human activities. In contrast, wooded and semi-natural environments demonstrate potential for mitigating RHI, owing to their dense vegetation and shading effects. Elevation, while generally associated with reduced heat island, shows variations based on local conditions. Ultimately, this research underscores the complexity of the RHI phenomenon and the importance of considering factors such as different temperatures and their daily variation, landscape heterogeneity, and elevation. Additionally, the study emphasizes the significance of sustainable spatial planning and land management. Targeted efforts to increase vegetation in high daytime land surface temperature areas can reduce heat storage and mitigate RHI. Similarly, planning for agroforestry and green infrastructure in agricultural areas can significantly increase resilience to climate.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52395,"journal":{"name":"City and Environment Interactions","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100124"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590252023000260/pdfft?md5=052efa9945d48cef57f22434ab383963&pid=1-s2.0-S2590252023000260-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92073832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatially resolved indoor overheating evaluation using microscale meteorological simulation as input for building simulation – opportunities and limitations","authors":"Christoph Schünemann ,&nbsp;Astrid Ziemann ,&nbsp;Valeri Goldberg","doi":"10.1016/j.cacint.2023.100122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cacint.2023.100122","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To assess the spatial heat resilience of buildings in urban development we test the suitability of a toolchain approach from microscale meteorological simulations, resolving the spatial influences on local urban climate, to building performance simulations, evaluating the indoor overheating risk in buildings. This approach makes it possible to investigate how much microscale effects (e.g. buildings, trees e.g. roads) in open space influence the overheating intensity in a building depending on its location within a district. In this context, the question arises how realistic the microscale meteorological simulation is to be used as input for indoor overheating evaluation. In this context, we applied a 3D urban climate model (ENVI-met) and a 1D boundary layer model (HIRVAC) for two urban districts in Germany as meteorological input for an indoor thermal comfort evaluation of two representative buildings. The results demonstrate that ENVI-met simulations without using measured temperature data create unrealistically low diurnal variations in outdoor air temperature despite an overestimated solar irradiance. The implementation to building simulation leads to a significant underestimation of the heat resilience for both buildings and to wrong conclusions about the efficacy of passive heat adaptation measures. In contrast, the HIRVACsimulations show a more realistic representation of the meteorological variables (when measured data is used for calibration) but are not able to resolve urban 3D structures. Our findings point out that an adjusted boundary layer representation in microscale meteorological simulations is crucial to provide meteorological input suitable for realistic spatially resolved indoor overheating analysis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52395,"journal":{"name":"City and Environment Interactions","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100122"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49711315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Megaproject and the city: Theorizing social media discourses across the lifecycle of an infrastructure project","authors":"Johan Ninan ,&nbsp;Rupesh Yadav","doi":"10.1016/j.cacint.2023.100123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cacint.2023.100123","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Managing the perception of project communities is critical to the success of infrastructure megaprojects. This study focuses on the Nagpur metro rail project in India to understand people's experiences and discourses in the pre-construction, construction, and operation phases. We use qualitative content analysis and open coding of the tweets from five years covering the lifecycle of the project to understand the discourses. The study identifies focus areas such as improving customer experience, sustainability, value for money, and embracing the local community. It also highlights the importance of effective communication and raising awareness to address community concerns throughout the lifecycle. The study provides a framework for using social media for community engagement over the megaproject's lifespan. This research can help megaproject management teams plan efficiently and create a positive perception of their projects.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52395,"journal":{"name":"City and Environment Interactions","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100123"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49711307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A definition for circular bio-based cities based on a reductionist metabolic approach","authors":"Diego Elustondo,&nbsp;Andrea Stocchero,&nbsp;Douglas Gaunt","doi":"10.1016/j.cacint.2023.100121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cacint.2023.100121","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The 2020 coronavirus pandemic demonstrated that moderation in living and consumption styles can contribute towards a more environmentally sustainable and resilient future. However, such restrained lifestyles are associated with the risk of global economic stagnation. Transitioning from linear to circular economy can potentially provide a framework to decouple environmental benefits from economic stasis. Circular cities are placed in the centre of such efforts to cradle and nurture humanity’s shift towards a sustainable future. However, we investigated the current state of circular cities around the world finding that a bio-based focus is not always prioritised. The lack of emphasis on bio-based solutions could lead to missed economic and environmental opportunities. A symbiosis between “circular”, “regenerative” and “bio-based” is here proposed as the foundation for sustainable societies transitioning to circularity. This Short Communication discusses the vision of circular bio-based cities and proposes a definition based on a reductionist metabolic approach. The aim is to set the basis for an international dialogue on urban development models capable of delivering both human and environmental prosperity beyond the reuse, refurbish and recycle concepts, and towards fully integrated regenerative urban systems which foster symbiotic relationships between urban communities and the natural ecosystem.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52395,"journal":{"name":"City and Environment Interactions","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100121"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49711317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Approaches for bridging the sanitation delivery gap in urban informal settlements in Namibia","authors":"Gert van der Merwe ,&nbsp;Prithvi Simha","doi":"10.1016/j.cacint.2023.100120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cacint.2023.100120","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Shacks in urban informal settlements will be the most common form of housing in Namibia by 2025. Informal settlements are usually not connected to municipal sewage systems for multiple reasons, including lack of land tenure and lack of official capacity to invest in infrastructure in unplanned spaces. On-site decentralised sanitation is therefore the norm for shack dwellings in Namibia, but any official opposition to this system results in complete absence of sanitation and inadvertently promotes open defecation. This grey zone of urban informality and the gap in sanitation delivery is the focus of this study, which evaluates interactions between local communities, non-government organisations (Clay House Project and Development Workshop Namibia) and an international development agency (GIZ) as they navigate the physical, economic and political landscape of implementing bottom-up sanitation solutions for informal settlements in Namibia. In critical analysis of the three different sanitation delivery models of these organisations, we consider their historical development, underlying philosophies and technical solutions. We also examine how products from different sanitation systems are managed and whether urine source separation could improve their management. Overall, the results provide insights into bridging gaps in sanitation delivery in informal settlements, which are home to more than a billion people worldwide.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52395,"journal":{"name":"City and Environment Interactions","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100120"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49706055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social acceptability and household expectations of green sanitation systems","authors":"Catherine Sutherland","doi":"10.1016/j.cacint.2023.100119","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cacint.2023.100119","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Large-scale, centralised sanitation systems provide safe, reliable, affordable and dignified sanitation to those located within the waterborne sewerage network. However, publicly managed hydro-modernist sanitation systems are not available to all, with many households and communities across the world having to access basic off-grid, state-provided sanitation services, such as pit latrines or Urine Diversion Dehydration Toilets, or having to provide their own solutions to sanitation waste. Urban green sanitation, which is non-sewered and off-grid, represents a new form of hydro-social and socio-technical relations. It aims to address sanitation backlogs and provide an alternative to centralised sanitation systems using ecological circularity. This paper categorises the social acceptability of urban green sanitation technologies into four main dimensions: social concerns, environmental concerns, the right to sanitation, and making a contribution to change. It draws on social assessments undertaken between 2016 and 2023, for the testing of sanitation technologies in Durban, South Africa, as part of the Engineering Field Testing Platform funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation’s Reinvent the Toilet Challenge and the Water Research Commission, South Africa, to reflect on the social dimensions of urban green sanitation. It argues that transdisciplinary research approaches and the co-production of knowledge are essential in understanding the social acceptability of green sanitation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52395,"journal":{"name":"City and Environment Interactions","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100119"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44770697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}