{"title":"Research on the justice of public space in Macao’s social housing based on grounded theory","authors":"Shan Jiang, Jianyi Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.cacint.2026.100347","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cacint.2026.100347","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Based on grounded theory and spatial justice theory, this study addresses the understudied problem of spatial justice in public spaces within Macao’s social housing communities, which are critical yet often neglected sites of urban inequality. The aim is to identify the key factors influencing perceptions and experiences of justice in these spaces and to construct a comprehensive theoretical model that explains their interplay. The study proposes three core dimensions—Spatial Publicness, Spatial Equality, and Spatial Diversity—that together shape the spatial justice in high-density social housing environments, which reveals how is spatial justice manifested and experienced in the public spaces of Macao’s social housing, and what factors determine its perception. Methodologically, the research employs semi-structured interviews with residents based on Grounded Theory and utilizes a rigorous three-level coding process to analyse qualitative data. The findings reveal intrinsic tensions between accessibility and safety management, uncover micro-level environmental inequality despite macro-level equality, and discuss how spatial diversity would promote inclusivity while countering disciplinary management. The study concludes with practical policy recommendations aimed at optimizing spatial justice and contributes a transferable framework for global social housing policy, particularly in high-density urban contexts, advocating for people-oriented approaches that enhance equity and dignity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52395,"journal":{"name":"City and Environment Interactions","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 100347"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147602137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A critical evaluation of Purbachal New Town’s planning and implementation for effective decentralization of Dhaka","authors":"Imtiaj Iqbal Mahfuj, Nawreen Ferdous Tamim, Nadia Sultana, Md. Jehan Rahman","doi":"10.1016/j.cacint.2026.100358","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cacint.2026.100358","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dhaka, ranked as one of the world’s least liveable cities, requires urgent spatial decentralization. The Purbachal New Town project was initiated as Bangladesh’s largest planned township to alleviate the pressure by establishing a self-sustained urban core. However, there has been no in-depth examination of the implementation in relation to the objectives of the project. This study fills this important gap by offering the first comprehensive and multi-source assessment of the performance of Purbachal, linking its governance and spatial outcomes directly to its decentralization objectives. Prioritizing deep insight over broad statistics, a multi-thematic assessment framework was employed, triangulating three data sources: official planning documents, in-depth Key Informant Interviews (N = 7) with professional planners, and systematic validation interviews (N = 68) with residents and original landowners. Data were thematically coded using ATLAS.ti software, and 11 key themes were identified. The results show that while Purbachal’s plan follows international standards for layout and utilities, its implementation is undermined by broad institutional, governance, and social shortcomings. The project is failing to achieve its core decentralization goals, evidenced by ’elite capture’ in plot allotment, weak accountability, and a fundamental lack of local employment integration. This study conceptually frames this failure as ’performative decentralization’. The findings offer critical, replicable insights for urban planning policy in the Global South, highlighting how governance failures ultimately drive unsustainable urban sprawl and ecological degradation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52395,"journal":{"name":"City and Environment Interactions","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 100358"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147650609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Survey on heat avoidance behaviors of pedestrians waiting at traffic signals at intersections","authors":"Hideki Takebayashi, Kanichi Takahashi","doi":"10.1016/j.cacint.2026.100395","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cacint.2026.100395","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The implementation of urban heat-mitigation measures, such as sunshades, mist spraying, cool pavements, street trees, and wall greening, is known to be effective in mitigating the thermal environment in outdoor spaces. However, it is not possible to apply these technologies throughout the entire urban area. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the actual distribution of thermal environment indicators and the usage status of urban spaces by residents when examining priority plans for implementing urban heat-mitigation measures. At this time, people are already implementing avoidance behaviors to escape the heat. Therefore, countermeasures must be implemented with consideration of pedestrian heat avoidance behaviors. This study investigated heat-avoidance behaviors of pedestrians waiting at traffic signals at urban intersections in central Kobe City. The relationship between the shade conditions in signal waiting area during the signal phases and heat avoidance behaviors was analyzed to clarify the characteristics of pedestrian heat avoidance behaviors. When sufficient shade existed in the signal waiting area during the signal phase, most pedestrians avoided direct sun exposure by using the shade. Even when shade coverage was limited, at least 60% of pedestrians avoided direct sun exposure by using shade or umbrellas. Even when shade was almost nonexistent, about 40% of pedestrians avoided direct sun exposure by using umbrellas. A negative correlation was confirmed between the shade use rate and the umbrella usage rate, indicating that pedestrians avoid direct solar exposure using umbrellas when shade is insufficient. Avoidance potential was evaluated by integrating pedestrian heat avoidance behavior characteristics, shade distribution in signal waiting area during the signal phases, and pedestrian flow data from infrared sensors. Based on the evaluation results, intersections with high countermeasure priority were identified, and priority locations for sunshade installation were considered.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52395,"journal":{"name":"City and Environment Interactions","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 100395"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148167293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mafrid Haydar, Sakib Hosan, Al Hossain Rafi, Md. Kamran Hasan Khan, Sadman Mubarrat Mahee
{"title":"A graph clustering neural network framework for mapping urban functional zones in a fast-evolving urban landscape of Bangladesh","authors":"Mafrid Haydar, Sakib Hosan, Al Hossain Rafi, Md. Kamran Hasan Khan, Sadman Mubarrat Mahee","doi":"10.1016/j.cacint.2026.100401","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cacint.2026.100401","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rapid urbanization and uncoordinated land development in Bangladesh's cities, particularly Khulna City Corporation (KCC), require new approaches to spatial planning and functional zoning. This study aims to identify and classify urban functional zones in KCC using a data-driven framework. It combines various geospatial datasets including urban spatial network structure, digital elevation model (DEM), road network, land use land cover (LULC), nighttime light data, and points of interest (POI) with an advanced Graph Clustering Neural Network (GCNN) model. Five functional zones are defined including Industrial and Eco-Agricultural Zone (C0), Residential Zone (C1), Commercial and Residential Zone (C2), Mixed Functional Zone (C3), and Business-Service Zone (C4). The model effectively captured complex spatial relationships and achieved great clustering accuracy, confirmed by satellite imagery and land use patterns. Results have shown that C1 and C2 are the most urbanized, with respectively 49.92% and 45.52% of their areas covered by built-up zones. In contrast, C0 and C4 respectively serve essential industrial, ecological, and administrative support. Residential zones (C1) within the service clusters largely lack essential services, especially health facilities, but are largely present in C4. This study identifies important variations in access to services, green space, and infrastructure across KCC. Overcoming limitations in traditional clustering methods by using graph-based spatial learning has provided a strong method for urban functional zoning. Recommendations that accord with data-driven urban planning, improving infrastructure, and sustainable development strategies are thus applicable in rapidly urbanizing areas across Bangladesh.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52395,"journal":{"name":"City and Environment Interactions","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 100401"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148167298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Landscape component combinations preferred by young people for urban recreation areas","authors":"Seyhan Seyhan, Banu Çiçek Kurdoğlu","doi":"10.1016/j.cacint.2026.100391","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cacint.2026.100391","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to reveal the impact of landscape components and their interrelationships in the organization process of spaces to be created in urban recreational areas for university students. For this purpose, a survey method was applied to 1002 undergraduate students selected using stratified sampling. The data obtained from the students who voluntarily participated in the survey were evaluated using statistical analyses performed in SPSS 22.0 program. As a result of the analyses, the preferences of university students regarding the combinations of landscape components in urban recreation areas were revealed in parallel with their leisure time awareness and recreational preferences. Accordingly, among the abiotic components, the following characteristics were primarily preferred: flat and wide topography, vegetated topography, dynamic, wide and shallow hydrology, natural hydrology content, sunny, low rainfall, dry and mild climate. Among the biotic components, evergreen, soft-textured plants and trees exhibiting spring coloration, with spreading, rounded, and drooping forms, as well as animals living in these trees, were prioritized. Among the cultural components, areas with accessibility via pedestrian, bicycle, and bus routes, wide, safe, well-designed roads with long and permeable surfaces, safe accessibility, within walking distance, easily accessible to everyone, and conveniently located were preferred. For man-made elements, aesthetics, quality of life, and harmony with nature were prioritized. Ultimately, based on these findings, scenarios were developed for planning urban recreation areas in accordance with their landscape components.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52395,"journal":{"name":"City and Environment Interactions","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 100391"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148167294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A critical review of affordable and Low-Carbon housing Strategies: Challenges and policy Responses for resilient development in densifying cities","authors":"Soha Aliakbari, Ali Sheikhazami","doi":"10.1016/j.cacint.2026.100362","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cacint.2026.100362","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Affordable housing and low-carbon transitions are increasingly framed as complementary objectives in densifying cities. However, existing scholarship largely treats affordability, decarbonization, and resilience as parallel policy domains, with limited attention to how governance fragmentation systematically shapes their integration and distributive outcomes. As a result, the institutional mechanisms through which these objectives interact remain insufficiently theorized.</div><div>This review employs a structured integrative critical approach, analyzing 97 peer-reviewed studies published between 2000 and 2025. Using PRISMA-guided screening and qualitative thematic coding, the analysis identifies recurring governance patterns, including fiscal structures, regulatory arrangements, and capital dynamics that condition policy alignment under densification pressures.</div><div>The findings reveal a persistent governance gap: while technological and design solutions are extensively examined, the institutional configurations mediating affordability–decarbonization trade-offs remain underexplored. Fragmented mandates, short-term financial horizons, unstable fiscal regimes, and weak cross-sector coordination systematically produce cost pass-through, land-value escalation, and socio-spatial exclusion. This study develops a Structural Governance Integration Framework that reframes affordable low-carbon housing as a governance-mediated outcome rather than a technical trade-off. By specifying the institutional conditions under which alignment becomes feasible, the framework provides a transferable analytical lens for diagnosing how policy intentions translate into uneven socio-spatial outcomes across contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52395,"journal":{"name":"City and Environment Interactions","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 100362"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147707017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effects of ambient temperature on hospitalizations for intestinal infectious diseases in Northeastern Thailand: Evidence from Health Region 10","authors":"Tanutchaporn Chuaykaew , Natnaree Aimyong , Arthit Phosri","doi":"10.1016/j.cacint.2026.100389","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cacint.2026.100389","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The influence of ambient temperature on the transmission of intestinal infectious diseases is well established, but evidence from Thailand remains limited. This study aimed to examine the association between ambient temperature and hospitalizations for intestinal infectious diseases in Health Region 10, and to explore differences across age and sex groups. A time-stratified case-crossover design, with distributed lag non-linear model and conditional quasi-Poisson regression was used to estimate province-specific associations between temperature and hospitalizations for intestinal infectious diseases. We then applied a multivariate <em>meta</em>-regression model to pool the province-specific estimates and quantified the burden of hospital admissions for intestinal infectious diseases attributable to temperature. We observed a linear-like exposure–response relationship between ambient temperature and hospital admissions for intestinal infectious diseases at both the current-day exposure (lag 0) and the cumulative 0–7-day lag. Over lag 0–7 days, temperature contributed to 28.95% (95% eCI: 17.02, 47.45) of all intestinal infectious disease hospitalizations. Sex-stratified analyses showed comparable patterns, although the attributable fraction was slightly higher among females (32.80%) than males (24.74%). Age-specific analyses revealed that children had the most immediate temperature response at lag 0, whereas adults and the elderly experienced substantially greater cumulative burdens, with AFs of 42.71% and 41.65%, respectively, over lag 0–7 days. These findings highlight the substantial impact of temperatures on intestinal infectious disease burden in Northeastern Thailand. As climate change continues to intensify temperature extremes, strengthening disease surveillance and early warning systems in Thailand will be essential to mitigate temperature-related health risks in vulnerable populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52395,"journal":{"name":"City and Environment Interactions","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 100389"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147951340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Participatory land-Use planning for climate-resilient governance in the sahelian drylands: Evidence from Loga, Niger","authors":"Sadda Abou-Soufianou , Kokou Kouami , Rabiou Habou , Sanvee Ayao Madjri , Rabé Mahamane Moctar , Fontodji Jérémie Kokou , Soumana Idrissa , Abdoulaye Boukari , Diallo Amadou , Neya Oblé","doi":"10.1016/j.cacint.2026.100370","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cacint.2026.100370","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dryland regions increasingly face climate variability, land degradation, and demographic pressure, intensifying competition over land and challenging conventional, centralized governance. Participatory Land-use Planning (PLUP) promises inclusive, climate-resilient governance, but empirical evidence from fragile institutional contexts remains limited. This study examines PLUP implementation in Loga Department, Niger, using mixed-methods: multi-temporal satellite imagery (Landsat 1992, Sentinel-2 2022), participatory mapping, household surveys, and institutional analysis. Land-use and land-cover (LULC) analysis reveals long-term expansion of continuous rainfed cropping, decline of agroforestry parklands, and intensifying pressures on pastoral and forest resources. Because PLUP began only in 2022, these changes represent a pre-existing baseline rather than program impacts. PLUP improves stakeholder’s coordination, clarifies land-use rules, and enhanced local legitimacy. However weak statutory enforceability, overlapping institutional mandates, and limited local capacity constrain its effectiveness. PLUP operates as a governance and coordination mechanism whose influence on land-use trajectories remains indirect and contingent on broader institutional conditions. These finding offer transferable insights for strengthening climate-resilient land governance in Sahelian drylands.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52395,"journal":{"name":"City and Environment Interactions","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 100370"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147797607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Khaled Alawadi, Abrar Bashar Aletaywi, Rim Anabtawi
{"title":"How alleyways shape cities: Mapping global landscapes","authors":"Khaled Alawadi, Abrar Bashar Aletaywi, Rim Anabtawi","doi":"10.1016/j.cacint.2026.100398","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cacint.2026.100398","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite their key role in connectivity and pedestrian mobility, alleys remain underrepresented in urban planning. This study, the first global morphometric assessment of alley networks, analyzes 295 samples from 50 cities across 41 countries to map alley patterns and assess their morphological traits. It identifies distinct regional morphologies and quantifies the spatial prevalence and proportional presence of alleys relative to main streets. Where alleys comprise over 40% of the network, they significantly reshape urban form, elevating intersection density by a median 38% and shortening pedestrian routes. Six typologies were identified: fragmented (76.9%), organic (8.1%), grid-based (4.4%), looping (2.0%), cul-de-sac (1.7%), and semi-grid (1.5%). Grid-based alleys enhance integration, while fragmented and looping types add complexity to the network. The study underscores the need to recognize alleys as vital components of urban form and calls for their better integration into planning frameworks. By reframing alleys as functional connectors rather than residual spaces, it advances theories and practices of fine-grain connectivity, community engagement, and urban resilience.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52395,"journal":{"name":"City and Environment Interactions","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 100398"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148167299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Smart cities in Africa: a systematic literature review of challenges and development strategies","authors":"Ranya Maatallah, Anouar Abdessamad, Youssef Khatori","doi":"10.1016/j.cacint.2026.100365","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cacint.2026.100365","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the role of smart cities as catalysts for regional development in Africa, focusing on challenges such as rapid urbanization, environmental sustainability, and social inclusion. A systematic literature review of studies published between 2015 and 2024 was conducted, yielding 32 relevant articles across multiple regions. The analysis identifies six core dimensions essential for smart city initiatives—governance, economy, mobility, environment, people, and living—and highlights strategies that enable cities to respond effectively to local needs. Key findings emphasize the necessity of adaptive governance models that prioritize community engagement and public–private partnerships, ensuring that technological advancements are accessible and beneficial to all citizens. Comparative insights reveal that European approaches rely on strong regulatory frameworks, Asian cities emphasize advanced technological integration and climate adaptation, and American smart city initiatives emphasize aligning technological strategies with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), ensuring that developments are both environmentally sustainable and socially inclusive while remaining responsive to community priorities. These global perspectives enrich African strategies while underscoring the importance of context-specific solutions. Ultimately, the study contributes to the broader discourse on smart cities and regional development by offering actionable pathways for fostering inclusive, resilient, and locally grounded urban transformation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52395,"journal":{"name":"City and Environment Interactions","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 100365"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147797483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}