International Journal of Agricultural Extension最新文献

{"title":"Effects of rural-urban migration on socio-economic conditions of migrant households in district Peshawar, Pakistan","authors":"A. U. Hassan, N. P. Khan, M. A. Shah, N. Khan, N. Khan","doi":"10.33687/ijae.009.02.3556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33687/ijae.009.02.3556","url":null,"abstract":"This study was focused to identify the effects of rural-urban migration on the socio-economic conditions of migrant households in District Peshawar, Pakistan.Total150 respondents sampled through proportionate sampling technique from four different locations of Peshawar city participated in the study. Data were collected from the sampled respondents on a structured questionnaire through face-to-face interview technique. Results show that the majority of the respondents migrated during 2001 and 2010. Along with the poverty and social amenities, other major reasons behind the migration in the study area were access to quality education, the war against terrorism, employment opportunities, and health issues. Majority of the joint families converted to the nuclear family system after the migration. Their economic conditions were enhanced.  As far as pre and post-migration facilities were concerned, positive changes were observed in the research area. It is recommended that the government and concerned authorities should ensure the provision of basic socio-economic facilities and off-farm employment opportunities to the rural people so that the ratio of urban migration could possibly be minimized.","PeriodicalId":52390,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural Extension","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81890888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overview of covid-19 in rural livelihood in Pakistan: its origin, transmission, symptoms, treatment","authors":"F. Nosheen, Nazia Malik, A. Afzal, W. Nawaz","doi":"10.33687/ijae.009.03.3507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33687/ijae.009.03.3507","url":null,"abstract":"About 138 million population live in rural areas of Pakistan. Evidence confirmed that COVID-19 cases were found in rural areas of Pakistan distinctively. Vaccination is the best protection against the virus. In this paper, the main determinants, characteristics, safety precautions, and current statistics related to COVID-19 in rural areas of Pakistan are presented. This study focuses on a rural population that is highly susceptible to COVID-19 and has a relatively high fatality rate in recent months due to closer contact with humans, pets, and animals. Measures to prevent transmission of COVID-19 were very successful for younger and older aged people in Pakistan. The majority of patients with COVID-19 typically initially had a sore throat, cough, pneumonia, diarrhea, and fever. The situation in Pakistan remained in control as compared to the rest of the whole world. Additionally, after a long lockdown, the second and third wave of COVID-19 also had fewer effects on the Pakistan population compared to many other countries. The best cure for the COVID-19 infection should be vaccinated and also focused on personal care, hygiene, take ample sunlight, fresh air, and ensure personal protection as well as social distancing. Moreover, the Pakistan government should provide guidelines and training to healthcare workers, and safety essentials to be imposed on people who violate standard operating procedure (SOPs) like levied penalties, sealing shops, send to jails, etc. Additionally, now that the vaccine has been introduced, adaptations to COVID-19 safety restrictions should be made and include mandatory vaccination as well as precautionary measures for all citizens.","PeriodicalId":52390,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural Extension","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84248910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors affecting the durian production of farmers in the eastern region of Thailand","authors":"Supat Thongkaew, Chalermpon Jatuporn, P. Sukprasert, Paisan Rueangrit, Siros Tongchure","doi":"10.33687/ijae.009.02.3617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33687/ijae.009.02.3617","url":null,"abstract":"Thailand is the largest durian producer and exporter in the world market. In addition, durian is the most important fruit crop in Thailand because it can generate a higher income from exports with a value of approximately 45,349-million-baht, equivalent to an export quantity of 653,564 tons in 2019. The objective is to analyze the factors affecting the durian production of farmers in the eastern region of Thailand, namely Chanthaburi, Rayong, and Trad Provinces. The sample of 395 durian farmers underwent observation using simple random sampling via the questionnaire approach. The statistics consisted of mean, percentage, and multiple regression. The findings revealed that the positive factors affecting the durian production of farmers in the eastern region of Thailand are the experience of the farmers in growing durian, the size of the workforce, the planted area of durian, the number of durian trees, and the number of durian trees per planted area, while the negative factors affecting the durian production of farmers in the eastern region of Thailand are the age of the farmers and the cultivation of organic durian. The results will be beneficial to farmers, government, and related stakeholders, who can further apply these findings to enhance the efficiency of durian production to be the quality durian for domestic and foreign consumers","PeriodicalId":52390,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural Extension","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82260929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying root causes of conflicts at farm level and conflicts resolution strategies in Punjab, Pakistan","authors":"Sohaib Usman, A. Saghir, K. M. Ch., R. Kousar, R. Ullah","doi":"10.33687/ijae.009.02.3427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33687/ijae.009.02.3427","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was conducted in three districts of the Punjab province. Muzaffargarh district from southern Punjab, Gujranwala district from center, and Attock district from North were selected randomly from three different zones (South, North, and Central Punjab) of Punjab, Pakistan. In each district, 200 farm families (100 male and 100 female) were selected purposively (involved in the conflict) for data collection rationally with help of key informants hence the total sample size was 600 in three selected districts. A well-planned and well-structured interview schedule was prepared for the collection of data. Two focus group discussions were planned for an in-depth discussion in each district. Each focus group consisted of 8 to10 members. Results indicate that passageway among agricultural land (x̄= 3.73), water distribution at farm level (x̄= 3.64), crop destroyed by the animals (x̄= 3.47), and burning of crops (x̄= 3.34) were the major causes of conflicts at the farm level as perceived by the respondents. Wastage of money and time (x̄= 3.74), affects daily routine life (x̄= 3.72), affects child education (x̄= 3.63), affects the marriage of the family members (x̄= 3.52) and less farm production (x̄= 3.32) and family break up (x̄= 3.27) were the consequences of farm-level conflicts. Participation of elder family member (x̄=3.69/5.00), negotiation among the conflicted parties (x̄=3.49/5.00), use of local politicians (x̄=3.41/5.00), social relationship (x̄=3.35/5.00), involvement of informal judiciary (panchayat) (x̄=3.20/5.00) were the modalities used by the local communities for conflicts resolution as perceived by the respondents. It was recommended that local panchayat and local administrative bodies should be promoted in the conflict management process.","PeriodicalId":52390,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural Extension","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86936708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applicability of teaching aids in extension education","authors":"A. Khan, Irshad Ullah","doi":"10.33687/ijae.009.02.3464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33687/ijae.009.02.3464","url":null,"abstract":"Transference of the bookish knowledge is not enough for effective teaching so teaching should be supplemented with new teaching models or new emerging technology. However, do the students give importance to teaching aids for better instruction and learning? is the concerned area. This question is answered in this study by identifying the importance of teaching aids from students’ perspectives. Data were collected through the questionnaires from secondary school students (aged 14-15 years). Collected data were analysed by employing frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation. Findings indicated that teaching aids bring accuracy to get first-hand knowledge for obtaining the desirable objectives among students. Students’ learning becomes easy, quick and long-lasting as these aids leave high level of impressions on students’ mind and behaviour eventually. Teaching aids are helpful for teaching difficulty and complex concepts. No one can deny the importance of teaching aids in students’ learning. This study urges more practice of technology aids in teaching and training process either being practiced formally or non-formally. ","PeriodicalId":52390,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural Extension","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82792632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agricultural extension agents’ education and turnover intentions in public extension services in Ethiopia","authors":"M. F. Jilito, D. Wedajo","doi":"10.33687/IJAE.009.02.3294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33687/IJAE.009.02.3294","url":null,"abstract":"Agricultural extension agents provide informal education to equip farmers with new knowledge and skills. They play critical roles for the transfer of agricultural knowledge, technologies, and innovations. However, most of them dissatisfied and intend to find other employment in Ethiopia. Thus, this study was conducted to examine agricultural extension agents’ education, perceptions towards job satisfaction, and turnover intention in public agricultural extension services in Ethiopia. The sample frame was the list of all first, second, and third-year mid-career students joined Haramaya University to upgrade their educational qualification. Total 123 extension agents were involved in the study. Primary data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results revealed that about 89.40% of extension agents acquired new knowledge, skills, practices, and attitudinal change during attending their education at Haramaya University. Results also showed that extension agents were dissatisfied with their current job and organization in terms of payment, promotion, benefits, and recognition. Furthermore, survey results indicate that about 68.3% of extension agents intended to leave their current position and extension organization after completing a Bachelor of Science degree. Therefore, government, private sectors and other stakeholders who work in extension organizations should work on the education and training programs, work motivation, and job satisfaction of agricultural extension agents by designing various incentive packages to increase their work motivation and reduce turnover intentions. ","PeriodicalId":52390,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural Extension","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85915721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agricultural information sharing for climatic risk adaptation by smallholder livestock farmers in Eastern Amhara Region, Ethiopia","authors":"H. Assefa, P. Kibwika, F. Kyazze, M. Getinet","doi":"10.33687/009.02.3532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33687/009.02.3532","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims at appraising the needed agricultural information, sources and the pathways that livestock farmers used for climatic risk adaptation in Eastern Amhara Region and also, determining factors that influenced farmer’s decision in selecting information pathways. Cross-section survey research design was used for the study. Sample was selected using multistage sampling design. From three agroecological zones, three districts and nine PAs were covered by the study. In the household survey, 317 livestock farmers were interviewed for quantitate data collection. Furthermore, FGD and Key Informant interviews were conducted to supplement survey’s result. Data were analysed using STATA (version 14) software. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis were deployed. The study revealed that livestock farmers needed different agricultural information to adapt climatic risks. The prominent information was relating to feed quality improvement, feed preservation, animal health management and soil and water conservations. Most farmers obtained the information from relatives, extension workers and fellow farmers. Informal discussion, farm-visit, training and village-meetings were the pathways that livestock farmers used to acquire agricultural information. The decision of a farmer in selecting information pathways was determined by different factors, but they differ from pathway to pathways. For example, radio selection was influenced by livestock size the farmer owned and extension access, while train was influenced by membership of farmer groups and credit access. In conclusion, livestock farmers need a diverse agricultural information to adapt climatic risks. They acquire the information from their intimate sources through affordable information pathways. To be effective in climatic risk adaptation, information provision should be need based, delivered through multisource and pathways. Besides, the existing conventional information pathways should also be supported by ICT resources and demonstration. Considering the determinate factors of information pathway selection is very crucial in designing information diffusion strategy.","PeriodicalId":52390,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural Extension","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79426560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scaling up of improved mung bean technology in the potential areas of North Shewa Zone Amhara Region","authors":"Y. Kassa, D. Mamo, Amsalu Abie, A. Tigabe, T. Ayele","doi":"10.33687/009.02.3257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33687/009.02.3257","url":null,"abstract":"Pulse crops are important components of crop production in Ethiopia's smallholders’ agriculture, providing an economic advantage to small farm holdings as an alternative source of protein, cash income, and food security. Mung bean is one of the most important cash crops in the low land of the North Shewa zone. This research was, therefore, initiated to provide an insight of scaling up of Rasa (N-26) mung bean variety and documenting best approaches to maximize production and productivity of the crop through improving the availability of improved varieties to farmers. The activities were done in the low lands of North Shewa areas of Efiratana gidim, Kewot, Shewarobit, Ensaro, and Merhabetie districts, under main growing season for two consecutive years (2016 – 2017) using Rasa variety. About 54 ha of land were covered through disseminating 2.17tons seed and a total of 203 (including 2 female farmers) farmers participated and directly benefited during the dissemination of mung bean variety. The productivity of mung bean in the area was boosted to 1.6 tons ha-1 and a yield advantage of 45.5% was obtained from improved varieties compared to the local cultivar. The introduction of the improved variety Rasa (N-26) which has a large seed size, high biomass, and grain yield attracts the attention of farmers, experts, and local traders. Developing and verifying pesticides, technical backstopping and supplying of early generation seed, and also introducing post-harvest storage materials is very crucial for sustained production and productivity improvement of the crop.","PeriodicalId":52390,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural Extension","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87818016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of extension training programmes on poultry farmers in Nigeria: Private farm experience","authors":"O. J. Ovharhe, P. Emaziye, S. Alakpa, Folorunsho Alli","doi":"10.33687/009.02.3268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33687/009.02.3268","url":null,"abstract":"This study appraised the impact of the training programme (such a feed formulation, house preparation, brooding vaccination schedule, stocking density, litter application, types sorting and handling of eggs, record keeping and accounts) given to poultry farmers by the private sector. Obasanjo Farms Nigeria Limited was used as a case study. The study objectives were to investigate the sources of the information about the training programmes, identified training needs of participants, capture adoption techniques, ascertained training satisfaction level, ascertained property acquisition of beneficiaries before and after the training and identify constraints facing the participants. A simple random sampling technique was used for this study to obtain a sample size of 84. A set of questionnaires was used to elicit information from respondents. Data obtained were analyzed statistically. The study revealed that the majority (82.1%) were males with a mean age of 30years and mean the farming experience was two years. The major source of information was radio (52.4%). Training need such as feed formulation (66.9%) optimal on needs assessment rating. The majority (at medium level) adopted the training rendered on feed formulation, stocking density, brooding techniques, and medication techniques. Respondents were mostly satisfied with training given on brooding (mean = 3.4). The most serious constraint was the inadequate provision of starter packs to trainees. On before and after comparison, the T-test showed that there were significant differences between the various properties acquired after the training programme (p0.05). The study concluded that trainees were satisfied with the training as it contributed to increased wellbeing. It was recommended that trainees should be equipped after training sessions to ensure best practices and food security. ","PeriodicalId":52390,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural Extension","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77227526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social embeddedness and innovation behavior of innovation platform actors","authors":"Willy Turyahikayo, F. Matsiko, R. Miiro, J. J. Okiror, B. Obaa","doi":"10.33687/IJAE.009.01.3546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33687/IJAE.009.01.3546","url":null,"abstract":"Agricultural innovation platforms are increasingly being used as a means of mitigating agricultural value chain challenges through enabling the co-evolution of different elements in the innovation process. Given a number of actors and their different interests, governance dynamics and institutions are likely to play a fundamental role in the attainment of this objective. This study employed network governance theory to establish the influence of structures and relations in innovation platforms influence on actors’ innovation behavior. Using a sample of 319 randomly selected farmers and key informant interviews, it was established that the direct effect of embeddedness on innovation behavior was positive but insignificant (β=0.005, p= 0.953). The effect embeddedness on adaptation, coordination and safeguard of exchanges was positive and significant at (β=0.339, p0.01), (β=0.239, p0.01) and (β=0.262, p0.01) respectively. The role of adaptation in influencing innovation behavior was positive and significant with (β=0.264, p0.05). The study also finds that the indirect role of adaptation and safeguard of exchanges enhances the relationship between embeddedness and actor innovation behavior. The study recommends that to increase agricultural innovations, members of the networks should have adaptive measures through continuous search for new processes, new markets, reliable inputs and take advantage of new opportunities in their operating environment so as to be adaptive to this new work arrangement.","PeriodicalId":52390,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural Extension","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79415787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}