International Journal of Agricultural Extension最新文献

{"title":"Training Need Assessment of rice farmers regarding weeds and their management in Punjab, Pakistan","authors":"I. Riaz, I. Ashraf, K. M. Ch., A. Tanveer","doi":"10.33687/ijae.009.03.3783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33687/ijae.009.03.3783","url":null,"abstract":"The training needs of rice growers in Punjab, Pakistan were assessed regarding the production technology used in growing rice. Total 332 rice growers were selected through random sampling technique from tehsil Nowshera Virkan, district Gujranwala and interviewed accordingly through a face-to-face interview technique. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Findings indicated that farmers had adequate awareness about the weeds and their management. The demonstration was the most effective technique as used by the extension field staff to create awareness among farmers about weeds management. Social media and electronic media use were appeared least effective. This indicates that farmers were more convenient with the traditional technique of creating awareness. Regarding training needs, Rice farmers had maximum training needs regarding chemical control and identification of rice weeds. Resourceful, cost-effective, and timely weed management options are pivotal to making rice crop profitable. Thus, Agriculture Department, Punjab should be aimed at empowering the rice farmers technically, to train them through both conventional approaches (i.e. demonstration plots) and technology-led approaches (i.e. Information Communication Technologies (ICTs), social media and electronic media). ","PeriodicalId":52390,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural Extension","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77002929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Covid-19 outbreak: challenges and opportunities towards agriculture sector","authors":"R. Memon, Kamleshwer Lohana","doi":"10.33687/IJAE.009.03.3622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33687/IJAE.009.03.3622","url":null,"abstract":"This study underscores the impact of the Covid-19 outbreak on the agriculture sector and highlights some sound practices to promote agriculture growth, which is essential amid Covid-19. The primary aim of this research is to add the knowledge already available on the topic and sustain the agriculture growth amid of Covid-19 outbreak. The study revolves around its twin research question; what are the challenges to the agriculture sector amid Covid-19 and how challenges may transmute into opportunities? The qualitative methodology is used with content analysis technique to collect the data collection. Content available in diverse formats related to neighbouring characteristics of the impact of the Covid-19 outbreak on agriculture. The results of this document enable us to wrap up the purpose of the research. There is a need to improve, promote and digitalize the agriculture sector in all dimensions, that can face and overcome the challenges, which are profound due to enforcement of lockdown after the Covid-19 outbreak.  Government policy/role is an important factor to develop any type of strategy or development in this sector, especially in the value addition process. The local government can sustain local food commodities in domestic markets that will directly motivate farmers to focus on their production. No doubt, Covid-19 ascertains so many challenges for every business but the right strategy at right time transform challenges into opportunities. Strategy refers to some interests and priorities from the government side to promote the agriculture sector. This is the need of the time and essential for agriculturalists to stay in business.","PeriodicalId":52390,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural Extension","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80319755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of conservation agriculture adoption among small-holder farmers in Gilgil sub-county, Kenya","authors":"Collins K. Cherono, J. Ombati, O. Ngumi","doi":"10.33687/ijae.009.03.3599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33687/ijae.009.03.3599","url":null,"abstract":"Conservation Agriculture is a practice that enhances sustainable and intensified agricultural production. Conservation Agriculture involves; crop rotation, minimum tillage, mulching, zero tillage, maize-legume intercrop, and residue retention. Conservation Agriculture practices are crucial in providing solutions to food and nutrition insecurity, loss of biodiversity and declining soil quality in Kenya. This study documented the current status of Conservation Agriculture use in Gilgil Sub-County of Nakuru County, Kenya, reasons for adoption, and influence of socio-economic, institutional, and agro-ecological factors on adoption of Conservation Agriculture and patterns of use. The study was conducted in July 2020 in Gilgil Sub- County of Nakuru County, Kenya. The study targeted 71,268 farmers and an accessible population of 10,914 farm families respectively. Purposive and systematic sampling techniques were used to select 150 small-holder farmers based on Nassiuma formulae. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. Both descriptive (mean, frequencies, and percentages) and inferential (Multivariate probit and Tobit models and Factorial Analysis of Variance) statistics were used to analyse the data. The results revealed incomplete use of Conservation Agriculture practices: about 87% used less than five of the six recommended Conservation Agriculture practices while only 13% used five to six practices promoted in the area. This result indicates that farm-level benefits of using all Conservation Agriculture practices simultaneously were not fully realized. Second, the study established that farmers used Conservation Agriculture practices for agronomic, environmental conservation, and economic reasons. Furthermore, the differences in patterns of use of Conservation Agriculture practices were significantly determined by extension contacts, main occupation, education, access to credit, external institutional support, group membership, and land size.                                                              ","PeriodicalId":52390,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural Extension","volume":"115 10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90229835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of food security and prospects of crop diversification in rural regions of Punjab, Pakistan","authors":"Mahwish Munawar, Shiwei Xu, Yu Wen, I. Khalid","doi":"10.33687/IJAE.009.03.3630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33687/IJAE.009.03.3630","url":null,"abstract":"Pakistan is an agricultural economy, yet achieving food security has become indispensable. This study aimed at measuring the influence of different factors on the state of food security among rural households and prospects of crops diversification in tackling the food insecurity. This study was conducted in the Punjab province of Pakistan. Through multi-stage random sampling, 40 households were chosen randomly, making a total sample size of 200 families from the five districts. Face-to-face interviews assisted researchers in collecting data. OLS regression model was used to examine the elements contributing to food insecurity. Of the total respondents, 56.6% were aged between 40-60 years. The majority of respondents (65%) had less than 5 acres of land, accentuating subsistence farming. More than half (53.6%) had at least five years of schooling, indicating a miserable educational situation for participating farmers. Among total population only 23.49% of farmers have practically adopted crop diversification. Age, land size, access to credit and crop diversification were statistically significant (P0.05) with FCS and negatively associated with HFIAS. Findings imply that farmers were small landholders with poor education and inadequate access to services such as credit. Therefore, the majority of farmers were found food insecure according to the FCS score. The findings indicate a great prospect of crop diversification among farmers in the region to expedite the income-generating process to structure farmers' food security. The pre-defined and revamped roles of institutions like Public Sector Agricultural Extension could serve the purpose.","PeriodicalId":52390,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural Extension","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87552904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceptions of extension field staff regarding coping with the climatic impacts on wheat crop in rural areas of Punjab","authors":"M. F. Imam, H. RazaMuhammad, M. A. Khan, Guangzhe Liu, M. Yaseen, M. Randhawa, A. Riaz","doi":"10.33687/IJAE.009.03.3615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33687/IJAE.009.03.3615","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change is a global phenomenon and it has changed the landscape of global agriculture. Wheat is a globally acknowledged crop that is also influenced by climate change around the world. Wheat is a staple crop for Pakistan and recent development confirms that wheat is under huge pressure due to climate change. In this study, an attempt is made to consolidate the perceptions of the extension field staff about the impacts of climate change on wheat crops in district Sargodha of Punjab. Total 80, agriculture officers (AOs) and Field Assistants (FAs) working in public sector extension were chosen and interviewed face to face on a structured questionnaire. Findings indicate that lodging in wheat (x̅=2.26), increase in pests (x̅=2.202) and diseases (x̅=2.02) were the major impact of climate change on wheat crop. Increase precipitation (100%) and increase in temperature (77.5%) were the leading climatic indicators posing threats to the wheat crop. Aphids (95%) and yellow rust (87.5%) caused a reduction in yield as the result of climatic changes. All respondents (100%) suggested the adoption of raised bed plantations of wheat to cope with climate change. Farmers should be connected with the weather updated and public and private sector extension should diffuse the wheat production technology among farmers considering the climatic changes.                                                            ","PeriodicalId":52390,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural Extension","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83715443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Weed-competition effects on proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.): implications for the farmers","authors":"M. Younis, N. A. Ikram, S. Iqbal, Shahriyar Ahmed, Abdul Ghaffar, Z. Hasnain, G. Abbas, N. Chaudhary, Aniqa Mubeen, M. Wahid, R. Ikram","doi":"10.33687/IJAE.009.03.3564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33687/IJAE.009.03.3564","url":null,"abstract":"Climate resilient proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) is viable option to mitigate increasing abiotic stresses due to climate change and food security in the long run. An experiment was conducted at research area of MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan in 2019 to evaluate the impact of weed competition on growth and yield of proso millet. Proso millet variety Upea was sown in the last week of February 2019 with 20 cm row to row spacing using 5 kg seed per acre. Experiment was comprised of treatments of weeds competition period for viz; zero competition, competition for 2 weeks after emergence (WAE), competition for 3 WAE, competition for 4 WAE, competition for 5 WAE and competition for full season. Result indicated that maximum number of weeds (plants m-2) were noted when weeds competed with proso millet for full period. Increase in total weed-dry weight was recorded when allowed the weeds to compete with crop for whole season. Highest plant height (16.18), 100-grain weight (74.72 t ha-1), crop dry matter and chlorophyll contents (16.62 t ha-1) were noted where, weeds were kept weed free throughout whole season. Highest economic yield of crop was observed where weeds were competed with crop for five weeks after emergence, and it was statistically similar with control. Maximum yield and yield components were recorded from C2 (competition for 2 weeks after emergence) was provided significant results. Likewise, highest grain yield (1890 kg/ha) were recorded under C2. Farmers should remove weeds from proso millet in two to three weeks after emergence. Extension agents should persuade farmers for the post emergence control in first 2-3 weeks of the crop.","PeriodicalId":52390,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural Extension","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74395136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ijara as an Innovative Product in Agricultural Financing","authors":"Aijamal K. Kantoroeva, Nurzat K. Toktomamatova","doi":"10.33687/ijae.009.00.3729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33687/ijae.009.00.3729","url":null,"abstract":"The relevance of the study is due to the necessity to solve the problems of agricultural lending in the Kyrgyz Republic. The problems of financing and lending to agriculture are still urgent in the Kyrgyz Republic, therefore, specific financial instruments of Islamic banking, which are highly appreciated in the practise of other countries, are well suited for project financing, work in conditions of high uncertainty characteristic of agriculture in the Kyrgyz Republic. The purpose of the study was to identify alternative loan products for agricultural economic entities based on Islamic principles of financing in the Kyrgyz Republic. Research objectives: to provide brief information on the current state in the field of agricultural lending; give brief information on the development of Islamic principles of lending in the Kyrgyz Republic; define the concept and classification of Islamic banking instruments in agriculture; define the financial instrument “Ijara” and identify its advantages. Research methods: methods of the empirical level (studying of literature and other sources of information, observation, comparison), methods of the theoretical level (study and generalisation, analysis and synthesis). In the process of writing this article, Islamic banking instruments have been reviewed and classified. The concept of Ijara contract was considered, new modern technologies in the field of Islamic banking were investigated. The main distinctive principles of Islamic banking from the Western model of financial leasing were analysed. The credit history of agriculture and forestry of the Kyrgyz Republic was analysed.","PeriodicalId":52390,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural Extension","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81010392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural Resource Potential of Industrial Development of The Tashkent Economic District","authors":"Mamatkodir I. Nazarov, B. Rakhmanov, Sergey L. Yanchuk, Shuxrat B. Kurbanov, S. Tashtayeva, Zulhumor T. Abdalova","doi":"10.33687/ijae.009.00.3726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33687/ijae.009.00.3726","url":null,"abstract":"The key factors in the production development and location, including industrial production, in any region, are the territorial structure of natural resources and the level of production infrastructure development. At present, the industry is one of the leading sectors of the developed countries' economy. Therefore, the Government of Uzbekistan, from the first days of state independence, prioritises the industry development, its modernisation and diversification when reforming the national economy. Due to this, over the past ten years, the industrial production share in the country's GDP has grown significantly and amounts to almost 1/3 of it. However, the participation of regions in gross industrial output is very uneven, and a number of them, in the presence of high natural resource potential, still retain agricultural specialisation. The paper presents an economic and geographical analysis of natural resources as a factor of industrial development in the Tashkent economic district. The general characteristic of mineral and raw material balance of the Tashkent region in the context of administrative districts (rural areas) is given. The paper describes the current development state of the territorial and sectoral structure of the Tashkent region and Tashkent city. The study analyses reserves and the involvement level of mineral resources in the context of administrative districts. The authors of this paper considered the issues and prospects of territorial and sectoral structure establishment and development in Tashkent economic district industry.","PeriodicalId":52390,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural Extension","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88244531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Legislative Support for Expanding The Land Powers of Local Self-Government Bodies in Ukraine","authors":"O. Piddubnyi, L. Rudenko, L. Hbur, V. Nezhevelo, V. Oleksiuk","doi":"10.33687/ijae.009.00.3721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33687/ijae.009.00.3721","url":null,"abstract":"The relevance of this study is conditioned by the implementation of the reform in the context of the decentralisation of power in Ukraine, the aspirations of Ukraine for European integration and the movement for the creation of a \"Europe of Regions\". The purpose of the study is to comprehensively investigate the legislative support for expanding the land powers of local self-government bodies in Ukraine in the context of the movement for the creation of a \"Europe of Regions\" based on the analysis of scientific opinions, generalisation of the provisions of Ukrainian legislation and positive experience of other countries. Universal methods were used in the study: dialectical, empirical, and logical. The general scientific methods of cognition used in this study include analysis and synthesis, generalisation, modelling, etc. In addition, the study applied the following special legal methods: conceptual legal, comparative legal, formal legal, etc. The leading method in the study was the comparative legal method. It helped compare the specific features of the practice of other countries in the field of legislative support for the expansion of land powers of local self-government bodies, as well as identify how this issue is regulated in different countries of the continental model of the land management system. Information and knowledge from different countries can be used as a basis for the adoption, adaptation, and development of new relevant provisions in Ukraine. Based on the legislation on local self-government and land legislation, the study analysed the main powers of local self-government bodies in the management of land relations. The experience of the land management system in developed countries is studied considering the movement for the creation of a \"Europe of Regions\", focusing the research on the continental model of the land management system.","PeriodicalId":52390,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural Extension","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77943833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship Between Economic Growth and Environmental Pressures (Legal Aspects)","authors":"Galyna Moroz, Olga A. Grytsan, O. A. Vivcharenko, N. Kobetska","doi":"10.33687/ijae.009.00.3728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33687/ijae.009.00.3728","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of the impact of economic development of the world on the state of the environment is quite relevant today. Entrepreneurs usually defend their private interests and try to increase profits in every possible way, without caring about the state of the environment and the future. If in the economically developed countries of the world the government is trying hard to control compliance with environmental legislation and implement a green economy, Ukraine is hopelessly behind, and only in recent years is beginning to actively think about preserving the environment and develop mechanisms to achieve this goal. It is important to explore how the legal aspect can help address the balance between Ukraine's economic development and environmental quality, especially in terms of its impact on climate change, where air pollution, waste generation and energy security are key factors. The purpose of the study was to investigate the legal aspect of the interrelation between economic growth and environmental pressures. As a result, the world experience in finding ways of mutually beneficial activities for the economic development of countries and the preservation of the environment was analysed. The study examined the factors influencing climate change, waste generation and energy security in the projection of economic development. The main principles (strategy) of the state ecological policy of Ukraine for the period up to 2030 are analysed; regulations of Ukraine and the European Union, which regulate the preservation of the environment in terms of the legal effect on solving the problem of the interrelation between economic growth and pressure on the environment.","PeriodicalId":52390,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural Extension","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77508301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}