Case Reports in Pulmonology最新文献

{"title":"Home-Based Management of a Child With Persistent Pulmonary Air Leak Complicated by Pneumonia.","authors":"Dhruba Shrestha, Sampurna Man Tuladhar, Manoj Krishna Shrestha","doi":"10.1155/crpu/8419647","DOIUrl":"10.1155/crpu/8419647","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pneumothorax is a condition where air leaks into the space between the visceral and parietal pleura. Community acquired pneumonia is a rare cause of pneumothorax in children. Pneumothorax can sometimes develop as a complication of pneumonia when infection erodes the distal airway into the pleural cavity causing air leak. If the air leak persists for more than 7 days, then it is termed a persistent air leak.</p><p><strong>Case summary: </strong>A 6-year-old South Asian girl presented with right upper and middle lobe pneumonia with empyema, for which a chest tube drain was inserted, which progressed to a persistent pulmonary air leak. Despite initial hospital management, the air leak persisted, necessitating home-based care with meticulous follow-up. Later on, after home-based care, the child improved and the chest tube could be removed without complications. The management of persistent air leak complicated by pneumonia necessitates a multidisciplinary approach.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case highlights an innovative approach to managing complex pediatric respiratory conditions outside the hospital setting. The incorporation of domiciliary care introduces a novel dimension. This requires meticulous training of the parents with no medical exposure before monitoring and guiding them via online video and ensuring they adhere to treatment protocols. This report highlights the possibility of conservative domiciliary management for persistent air leak before going into definitive surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":52364,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Pulmonology","volume":"2026 ","pages":"8419647"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13168864/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147943595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pulmonary Hypertension Following the Use of Trastuzumab Biosimilars.","authors":"Timi Ojo, Kory Cablay, Neveen Emara, Armin Meyer","doi":"10.1155/crpu/1076907","DOIUrl":"10.1155/crpu/1076907","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>HER2-positive breast cancer comprises 14%-20% of breast cancer cases and was previously linked with aggressive progression. Trastuzumab and its biosimilars have improved survival significantly, but their pulmonary toxicities remain underrecognized. While left ventricular dysfunction is a well-documented adverse effect, pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), and right heart failure are rarely reported.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We report the case of a 53-year-old woman with Stage IV HER2-positive invasive ductal carcinoma and well-controlled HIV who presented with shortness of breath, edema, and weakness. She previously completed five cycles of trastuzumab biosimilars (trastuzumab-anns or trastuzumab-dttb), Perjeta (pertuzumab), and Taxotere (docetaxel) and then transitioned to maintenance therapy with just trastuzumab-anns and pertuzumab for one cycle due to neuropathy. Pretreatment and interim echocardiograms showed preserved left ventricular and right ventricular function. Shortly after her last trastuzumab dose, she was hospitalized with severe anasarca, bilateral pleural effusions, and respiratory failure. Right heart catheterization revealed severe precapillary pulmonary hypertension (mPAP 40 mmHg [normal < 20 mmHg], PAWP 8 mmHg [normal ≤ 15 mmHg]), consistent with WHO Group I PAH. Despite aggressive diuresis and respiratory support, her condition deteriorated, and she elected for comfort-focused care.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Although rare, pulmonary vascular complications such as PAH have been linked to HER2-targeted therapies. Reports from clinical trials, FAERS data, and national registries have documented cases of trastuzumab-associated PAH, suggesting a possible vascular mechanism, potentially through ACVRL1 pathway involvement. This case highlights the importance of considering pulmonary hypertension as a potential adverse event in patients on trastuzumab, particularly those with pulmonary metastases.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Clinicians should be aware of pulmonary complications in patients receiving HER2-targeted therapies, even when left ventricular function is preserved. Early recognition and monitoring of right-sided pressures in high-risk patients may improve outcomes. This case adds to emerging evidence on trastuzumab's pulmonary risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":52364,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Pulmonology","volume":"2026 ","pages":"1076907"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13137119/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147846112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case Series of Incidentally Found Chronic Airway Foreign Bodies: A Single-Center Experience.","authors":"Mwanaada Kilima, Hari Kishan Gonuguntla, Belgundi Preeti Vidyasagar, Syed Shabbir Hussain, Sibtain Moledina","doi":"10.1155/crpu/8374435","DOIUrl":"10.1155/crpu/8374435","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Foreign body aspiration among adults and older children could be more common than previously documented. We present below eight cases of incidentally found airway foreign bodies (FB) during endoscopic evaluation of patients performed due to various indications such as chronic cough, nonresolving pneumonia and suspected malignancy, among others. A high index of suspicion and prompt management are required to prevent morbidity and complications associated with long-standing airway FB.</p>","PeriodicalId":52364,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Pulmonology","volume":"2026 ","pages":"8374435"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13125866/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147823271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Insights and Diagnostic Challenges of Pulmonary Lophomoniasis in a Sarcoidosis Patient: A Case Report.","authors":"Mohammad Hadi Tajik Jalayeri, Narges Lashkarbolouk, Mahdi Mazandarani, Mohaddeseh Dankoub","doi":"10.1155/crpu/8752504","DOIUrl":"10.1155/crpu/8752504","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In recent years, reports of patients with lophomoniasis infection have increased. This upward trend has been especially evident among patients with underlying conditions or those undergoing immunosuppressive therapy.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We present a 38-year-old Fars female patient of Fars ethnicity with a 2-year medical history of sarcoidosis who was investigated due to persistent respiratory symptoms that were unresponsive to outpatient treatment. The patient was receiving immunosuppressive medication for her condition. During hospitalization, computed tomography of the lungs revealed the presence of cystic bronchiectasis in the lingula and linear atelectasis. Bronchoscopy was performed, and a bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) sample was taken. Microscopic analysis of the sample showed the presence of <i>Lophomonas</i> spp.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Sarcoidosis, an immunodeficiency-related inflammatory disease, may increase susceptibility to parasitic infections. Pulmonary lophomoniasis, mostly presenting with nonspecific symptoms similar to other pneumonias, can lead to delayed diagnosis and poor outcomes. Physicians should consider lophomoniasis in immunocompromised patients due to differences in its nature, diagnostic approach, and treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":52364,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Pulmonology","volume":"2026 ","pages":"8752504"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13122252/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147788963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Homozygous 896delT (c.764del) in Somali-American Siblings With Cystic Fibrosis.","authors":"Disi Chen, Elinor Langfelder-Schwind, Denise Kay, Zafer Soultan","doi":"10.1155/crpu/1148927","DOIUrl":"10.1155/crpu/1148927","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive condition historically reported to be predominantly in those of European ancestry; however, more cases of CF are reported in those with non-European ancestry as we improve diagnostic awareness and aptitude. We report two cases of Somali siblings with rare <i>CFTR</i> 896delT (c.764del; p.Ile255ThrfsX6; dbSNP rs2485020167; ClinVar ID 2682475; NM_000492.4:c.764del) homozygous variants who manifested classic CF lung and hepatic disease. They presented with elevated immunoreactive trypsinogen on newborn screen but required exon sequencing to confirm their rare variant. This type of variant causes a frameshift that leads to an early stop codon; therefore, there is currently no available disease-modulating therapy. Our cases highlight the clinical phenotype of this variant and increase awareness of the importance of inclusivity in our current CF screening methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":52364,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Pulmonology","volume":"2026 ","pages":"1148927"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13107536/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147788966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unmasking the Unseen: Dupilumab-Induced Sarcoidosis in a Young Patient-A Case Report.","authors":"Mariana Issawy, Nael Bsoul, Omar Hakrush, Ahmad Igbaria, Yosef Imtanis, Amir Bieber, Lee Hilary Goldstein","doi":"10.1155/crpu/3325053","DOIUrl":"10.1155/crpu/3325053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sarcoidosis is a multisystemic disease characterized by the formation of noncaseating granulomas in various organs. Drug-induced sarcoidosis-like reactions (DISR) mimic sarcoidosis both clinically and histologically, with numerous drugs identified as potential triggers. This case report presents a 35-year-old female with atopic asthma who developed DISR following treatment with Dupilumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting interleukin-4 and interleukin-13. The patient experienced diffuse arthralgia, myalgia, erythema nodosum, and recurrent abscesses shortly after initiating Dupilumab. Diagnostic workup, including biopsy, revealed noncaseating granulomas, confirming the diagnosis of sarcoidosis. Symptoms improved after dupilumab discontinuation, highlighting the importance of recognizing DISR in patients undergoing immune-modulating therapy. This case report underscores the need for awareness among clinicians of the potential for sarcoidosis-like reactions in patients treated with newer biologic agents and calls for further studies to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and management strategies for such reactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":52364,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Pulmonology","volume":"2026 ","pages":"3325053"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13107419/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147789050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cryoprobe-Assisted Bronchoscopy: Noninvasive Route to Definitive Diagnosis of Pulmonary Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis.","authors":"Youjin Kim, Thomas C Landry, Nicholas Wysham","doi":"10.1155/crpu/6543133","DOIUrl":"10.1155/crpu/6543133","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pulmonary lymphomatoid granulomatosis (PLG) is a rare Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-driven B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by angiocentric and angiodestructive infiltrates. The disease predominantly affects middle-aged immunocompromised males, with a median survival of 14 months and mortality rates of 63%-90% at 5 years. Histopathological evaluation remains the cornerstone of diagnosis, historically requiring surgical lung biopsy for adequate tissue acquisition. We present a novel case of an 82-year-old male with a history of COPD and colon cancer who developed rapidly progressive, predominantly right upper lobe pulmonary nodules. The patient's initial presentation with fever and hypotension led to an inpatient workup for sepsis, where his lung nodules were incidentally noted to have grown. Following referral to pulmonology, a robotic navigation bronchoscopy (ion) with a cryoprobe (Erbe) was performed for tissue diagnosis, initially considering metastatic disease. Pathology from the cryoprobe biopsy yielded a consensus diagnosis of Grade 3 PLG after expert review. This case raises awareness of a rare diagnosis in the differential of progressive pulmonary nodules. It also demonstrates an atypical presentation with the patient's advanced age, the aggressive and unusual distribution of the nodules, and the absence of classic extrapulmonary manifestations. Most importantly, it demonstrates that a novel, less invasive, cryoprobe-assisted bronchoscopic biopsy can be sufficient for a definitive diagnosis of this rare disease, a modality not previously reported for PLG diagnosis, potentially precluding the need for more invasive surgical procedures.</p>","PeriodicalId":52364,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Pulmonology","volume":"2026 ","pages":"6543133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13054825/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147640756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Rare Case of Concurrent Urinothorax and Myelomatous Pleural Effusion.","authors":"Prachi Bhanvadia, Aarish Lalani, Sara Samadami, Amandeep Bawa, Laxman Wagle","doi":"10.1155/crpu/6880861","DOIUrl":"10.1155/crpu/6880861","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Myelomatous pleural effusion (MPE) is a rare complication of multiple myeloma, occurring in < 1% of cases and associated with poor prognosis. Urinothorax, another rare cause of pleural effusion, results from urine leakage into the pleural cavity, typically due to obstructive uropathy or trauma. Although both conditions are individually uncommon, their concurrent occurrence has not been previously reported.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>An 81-year-old man with relapsed multiple myeloma presented with dyspnea, hematuria, and acute renal failure. Imaging revealed bilateral hydronephrosis, obstructive uropathy from a pelvic mass, and bilateral pleural effusions. Thoracentesis showed an exudative, hemorrhagic effusion with a pleural fluid-to-serum creatinine ratio > 1, initially suggesting urinothorax. Despite bilateral nephrostomy, the effusion recurred. Cytology and immunohistochemistry confirmed MPE. Biopsy of the pelvic mass revealed extramedullary myeloma (plasmacytoma), which explained both the ureteral obstruction and pleural involvement.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This is the first reported case of simultaneous MPE and urinothorax. It underscores the importance of a comprehensive, multidisciplinary diagnostic approach when evaluating complex pleural effusions with overlapping features.</p>","PeriodicalId":52364,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Pulmonology","volume":"2026 ","pages":"6880861"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12976652/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147445932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grade 3 Pulmonary Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis Diagnosed by Robotic-Assisted Bronchoscopy: A Case Report.","authors":"Matthew Lee, Hussain Alkhafaji, Miguel Cantu, Kim Styrvoky, Steven Wu","doi":"10.1155/crpu/5840915","DOIUrl":"10.1155/crpu/5840915","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lymphomatoid granulomatosis (LYG) is a rare, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by angiocentric and angiodestructive infiltrates that most commonly involve the lungs. We report a case of a 38-year-old female with a history of latent tuberculosis who presented with a 3-day history of fever, productive cough, bilateral lower extremity edema, and painless lower extremity skin lesions. Initial imaging revealed bilateral pulmonary nodules, and an extensive infectious workup was unrevealing. To obtain diagnostic tissue from peripheral lesions, she underwent robotic-assisted bronchoscopy with targeted transbronchial biopsy. Histopathologic analysis revealed angiocentric and angiodestructive infiltrates with EBV positivity in CD20-positive B cells, consistent with Grade 3 LYG. She was treated with dose-adjusted etoposide, prednisone, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and rituximab (DA-EPOCH-R) chemotherapy, with initial radiographic response. However, she later developed refractory LYG complicated by hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) and died of progressive disease. Robotic-assisted bronchoscopy enabled safe, targeted sampling of peripheral pulmonary nodules, avoiding more invasive surgical biopsy.</p>","PeriodicalId":52364,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Pulmonology","volume":"2026 ","pages":"5840915"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12969748/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147436917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rare and Elusive: The Challenges of Bronchoscopically Diagnosing Pulmonary Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma.","authors":"Hamad Nasim, Robert Willim, Jason Beattie, Adnan Majid, Mihir Parikh, Kai Swenson","doi":"10.1155/crpu/6756203","DOIUrl":"10.1155/crpu/6756203","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Primary pulmonary lymphomas (PPLs) are rare clinical entities representing 0.5%-1% of all pulmonary neoplasms, of which mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is the most common type (80%). PPLs are traditionally considered challenging to diagnose bronchoscopically given the rarity of these entities, small sample sizes, and the ancillary testing often required to adequately differentiate them from benign intraparenchymal lymph nodes. Here, we report three cases of pulmonary MALT lymphomas. In two cases, the patients presented with pulmonary nodules and were diagnosed by robotic-assisted bronchoscopy following prior nondiagnostic biopsy attempts. The third patient presented with distal tracheal thickening, where flexible bronchoscopy revealed a particularly rare case of MALT lymphoma with endobronchial involvement.</p>","PeriodicalId":52364,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Pulmonology","volume":"2026 ","pages":"6756203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12968321/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147436928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}