{"title":"Exemption or Exclusion? A study of student exclusion in PISA in Norway","authors":"L. Aursand, david. rutkowski","doi":"10.1080/20020317.2020.1856314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20020317.2020.1856314","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In recent years, exclusion rates in PISA have risen in many countries, including a sharper-than-average rise in Norway. This article focuses on Norway’s experience with exclusion rates in PISA, including an analysis tracking this increase between 2000 and 2018. Through interviews with key stakeholders, this article explores several ideas that might explain why Norway’s exclusion rates have risen so dramatically. Key findings revealed that Norway’s exclusion rates may be high because there is a distinction between using the terms ‘exemption’ and ‘exclusion’ in Norway, so exempting students is interpreted to be much softer and kinder in Norway. Interviews also revealed a high degree of school leader subjectivity in determining student participation, and that many Norwegian school leaders made decisions to promote student feelings of mastery and minimize feelings of defeat. Interviews revealed that many Norwegian school leaders see excluding students as positive and beneficial, and are not concerned with its effects on test representativeness and validity.","PeriodicalId":52346,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Journal of Studies in Educational Policy","volume":"7 1","pages":"16 - 29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20020317.2020.1856314","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43735772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Lost in translation: from the university’s quality assurance system to student evaluation practice","authors":"Iris H. Borch","doi":"10.1080/20020317.2020.1818447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20020317.2020.1818447","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Student course evaluation is a mandatory part of quality assurance systems in Norwegian higher education, aiming to enhance educational quality. However, several studies report that student course evaluation mainly is used for quality assurance and not for quality enhancement. Drawing upon translation theory, this paper analyses how the quality assurance system (QAS) that regulates evaluation, the actors and the arenas of translation at a Norwegian university affect student evaluation practice and its uses. Academic leaders were interviewed and evaluation documents analysed. Results show that the leaders were not familiar with the university’s established guidelines for an ideal evaluation practice in QAS. The academics described an evaluation practice that seems to be more internal-driven rooted in their values, previous experiences, local cultures and traditions rather than on regulations like QAS. Their translation of evaluation can be regarded as modified translation. The academics’ approach to evaluation seems to be based upon a logic of appropriateness. The different actors involved in evaluation processes seem to base their actions on contradicting logics. This can help understand why a de-coupling from evaluation described in QAS occurred. These findings and the academics’ perspectives should be taken into consideration when future evaluation systems are created. .","PeriodicalId":52346,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Journal of Studies in Educational Policy","volume":"6 1","pages":"231 - 244"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20020317.2020.1818447","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47032705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Achieving lively, creative and successful university environments","authors":"Jan Amcoff","doi":"10.1080/20020317.2020.1838192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20020317.2020.1838192","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT With the advent of the knowledge era, academia has begun to play new roles in society. As a result, requirements for the design of universities may also change. Milieus of lively and flourishing urban life that foster encounters and unforeseen collaborations within academia – as well as between academia and society at large – have been called for. In this research, a GIS analysis of Swedish register data shows that such mixed environments are limited to the university facilities situated within city centres. However, both new and abandoned locations are more mixed than average. Based on a literature review, we argue that university planners need a clear priority ranking of their objectives, as different objectives may call for different kinds of design. Moreover, the review reveals that other environmental qualities have also been ascribed importance to success. In general, the existing literature provides limited guidance to designers, due to a lack of consensus and because the actual effects of specific measures are less researched than stated perceptions. Thus, so far, the contemporary direction in university design has limited expressions in Sweden, has unclear – and potentially conflicting – objectives and is based on insufficient empirical knowledge.","PeriodicalId":52346,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Journal of Studies in Educational Policy","volume":"6 1","pages":"179 - 192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20020317.2020.1838192","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48585841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The intersection between educational policy and practice","authors":"H. Knudsen","doi":"10.1080/20020317.2020.1848072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20020317.2020.1848072","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52346,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Journal of Studies in Educational Policy","volume":"6 1","pages":"165 - 166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20020317.2020.1848072","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46225362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The reproduction of geographically advantaged student groups - trends in metropolitan student enrolment at Swedish university colleges","authors":"A. Haley","doi":"10.1080/20020317.2020.1841879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20020317.2020.1841879","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study examines how Swedish students originating from metropolitan areas have used university colleges to access higher education. In the 1970s, as part of a series of reforms to the Swedish higher education system, university colleges were established. One reason being to make higher education more accessible to students outside the metropolitan areas. However, students from metropolitan areas have increasingly enrolled in these institutions over time. Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine the pre-entry attributes of metropolitan students from four enrolment cohorts (1995, 1998, 2001, and 2004) and patterns in their enrolment at university colleges. The results indicate that over time metropolitan students from less advantaged backgrounds have increasingly attended university colleges, particularly those whose qualifications excluded them from entering the more prestigious universities.","PeriodicalId":52346,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Journal of Studies in Educational Policy","volume":"6 1","pages":"167 - 178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20020317.2020.1841879","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44037469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Is PISA more important to school reforms than educational research? The selective use of authoritative references in media and in parliamentary debates","authors":"C. Lundahl, M. Serder","doi":"10.1080/20020317.2020.1831306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20020317.2020.1831306","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Two separate data searches underlie this analysis of how references to educational research and to PISA are used in the Swedish education debate. The data consist of 380 newspaper articles from the eight largest print media outlets in Sweden and 200 protocols from parliamentary debates (2000 to 2016) that made explicit reference to ‘PISA’ and/or to ‘educational research’. Based on a content analysis of this material, in which notions of policy borrowing and de-/legitimization are central, we describe the result as a selective use of PISA data and of educational research in the education debate. PISA is used to legitimize selective (party political) solutions that are oriented towards problems of teaching. The analysis also shows that politics and the media debate concerning education seems disinterested in educational research in a broader sense and that PISA seems to offer sufficient and ‘neutral’ authoritative knowledge and support for policy and reforms. We argue that PISA is the first way to obtain legitimate support for educational reforms. In so doing, the kinds of problems that these reforms aim to solve have been narrowed down to teaching- or practice-oriented problems.","PeriodicalId":52346,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Journal of Studies in Educational Policy","volume":"6 1","pages":"193 - 206"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20020317.2020.1831306","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46962833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A matter of universalism? Rationalities of access in Finnish early childhood education and care","authors":"Salla Fjällström, Kirsti Karila, M. Paananen","doi":"10.1080/20020317.2020.1816372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20020317.2020.1816372","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Universal access to early childhood education and care (ECEC) has become a policy goal in many countries. In comparing and categorising national ECEC systems, Finnish ECEC has been presented as an example of a universal system. However, as municipalities are responsible for the provision of ECEC services in Finland, it is important to examine how access to ECEC is locally rationalised: how universal is Finnish ECEC after all? Drawing on discursive institutionalism, we analysed what kinds of rationalities administrators of local ECEC services constructed in terms of access to ECEC concerning four-year-old children, and what kind of possible preconditions were constructed in these rationalities. As a result, we found three different but intertwined rationalities of access to ECEC: equality of access for all children, a real need for ECEC, and the parents’ choice. The parents’ position in the labour market, the level of concern for the child or family, and the parents’ decision emerged as constructed preconditions for access. Our examination illustrates the importance of examining local-level policy discourses in order to understand the historical and social constructions of access to ECEC.","PeriodicalId":52346,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Journal of Studies in Educational Policy","volume":"6 1","pages":"207 - 218"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20020317.2020.1816372","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47591085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Structural enablements and constraints in the creation and enactment of local content in Norwegian education","authors":"D. Rød, Unn-Doris Karlsen Bæck","doi":"10.1080/20020317.2020.1802853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20020317.2020.1802853","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In Norway, the national curriculum together with the Education Act serves as the foundation for teaching and learning in primary and secondary education and training. Local educational providers are given autonomy to develop local adaptations of the centrally given subject-specific curriculum competence aims. This article explores some structural enablements and constraints tied to teachers’ opportunities to make use of local content in curricula in lower secondary schools in Norway, including rural/urban differences. The analysis is based on data consisting of 18 qualitative interviews with teachers in two municipalities and participant observation in one of the municipalities in Northern Norway. The finding of this paper is that the design of the national curriculum allows for local content based on its competence aims. This serves as an enabler for teachers to create and enact local content in education. However, there are several constraints that limit local adaptation for teachers – time pressure, lack of access to content due to finances and distance and losing school control of local curriculum. Also, these constraints have a different impact depending on the geographical context. The article employs Margaret Archer’s theories on centralized and decentralized educational systems to analyse these structural enablements and constraints.","PeriodicalId":52346,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Journal of Studies in Educational Policy","volume":"6 1","pages":"219 - 230"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20020317.2020.1802853","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47683686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Like school and not like school: ambivalences in Swedish preschool teachers’ enacted policy","authors":"J. Liljestrand","doi":"10.1080/20020317.2020.1789405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20020317.2020.1789405","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT There is a tension in Swedish preschool policy when it comes to a subject curriculum and a child-centred curriculum. This article examines how Swedish preschool teachers have dealt with this relationship by focusing on the purpose of the preschool and how preschool teachers become part of the enacted preschool policy. The purpose of the study is to investigate Swedish preschool teachers’ policy talk pertaining to the preschool’s assignment to depart from children’s own interests and school-like subjects. The analysis of interviews with 10 preschool teachers shows how local policy talk is positioned in favour of a child-centred discourse, how tensions can gradually appear in the same sequence and how different actualizations in the national curriculum change the interviewees’ messages. The interviews highlight how enacted preschool policy appears as multi-layered and messy, thereby actualizing a discussion about the basic purpose of the Swedish preschool and its relation to school.","PeriodicalId":52346,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Journal of Studies in Educational Policy","volume":"7 1","pages":"44 - 52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20020317.2020.1789405","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42349855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Running order, lists, ratings and rankings","authors":"H. Knudsen","doi":"10.1080/20020317.2020.1816914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20020317.2020.1816914","url":null,"abstract":"Although NordSTEP is an open access and exclusively online journal, we still group the articles into issues. When putting together each issue, the journal production team asks us (the editors) to p...","PeriodicalId":52346,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Journal of Studies in Educational Policy","volume":"146 1-3","pages":"i - ii"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20020317.2020.1816914","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41297181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}