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Numerical investigation of box shape effects on soil direct shear test 箱形对土壤直接剪切试验影响的数值研究
Rakenteiden Mekaniikka Pub Date : 2024-08-09 DOI: 10.23998/rm.142264
Rashid Hajivand Dastgerdi, Arif Khan, K. Kazemi, Michal Kowalski, Agnieszka Malinowska
{"title":"Numerical investigation of box shape effects on soil direct shear test","authors":"Rashid Hajivand Dastgerdi, Arif Khan, K. Kazemi, Michal Kowalski, Agnieszka Malinowska","doi":"10.23998/rm.142264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23998/rm.142264","url":null,"abstract":"The direct shear test is a fundamental method in geotechnical engineering that provides crucial soil shear strength parameters, including cohesion (c) and the angle of internal friction (ϕ). These parameters play a pivotal role in structural design, slope stability assessment, and soil stability evaluation. However, achieving a uniform normal stress distribution within the shear box remains a challenging task, which can result in inaccuracies in test results. This study investigates the impact of shear box shape, specifically comparing circular and square configurations, on the outcomes of the direct shear test. The findings reveal that the choice of lower or upper box movement has a minimal effect on test results. Moreover, circular boxes demonstrate superior normal stress distribution, leading to reduced variations in comparison to square boxes. Wall friction effects lead to lower shear capacity measurements, with circular boxes yielding higher shear levels when contrasted with square boxes. Additionally, the soil along the sides and corners of the specimen experiences diminished shear stress due to reduced normal stress. This research contributes significantly to our comprehension of how shear box shape influences the determination of shear strength parameters in direct shear tests, ultimately enhancing the reliability of geotechnical engineering assessments.","PeriodicalId":52331,"journal":{"name":"Rakenteiden Mekaniikka","volume":"76 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141922303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sekaformulaatio, tasomuodonmuutostila ja kolmisolmuinen kolmioelementti 混合公式、平面变形和三节点三角形元素
Rakenteiden Mekaniikka Pub Date : 2023-12-29 DOI: 10.23998/rm.136079
Jouni Freund, E-M. Salonen
{"title":"Sekaformulaatio, tasomuodonmuutostila ja kolmisolmuinen kolmioelementti","authors":"Jouni Freund, E-M. Salonen","doi":"10.23998/rm.136079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23998/rm.136079","url":null,"abstract":"Artikkelissa tarkastellaan sekaformulaation ja elementtimenetelmän soveltamista ta­so­muodonmuutostapauksessa Galerkin-pienimmän neliön keinoa käyttäen. Täysin kokoonpu­ris­tumattoman aineen lisäksi käsitellään erityisesti myös yleistä kokoonpuristuvaa tapausta. Ai­ne­mallina on isotrooppinen Hooken laki. Numeerisissa sovelluksissa käytetään kolmisolmuista kol­mioelementtiä. Suoritetaan vertailua puhtaalla siirtymäformulaatiolla saatuihin tuloksiin. Sen­sitointiparametrin arvon määritystapa kuvataan.","PeriodicalId":52331,"journal":{"name":"Rakenteiden Mekaniikka","volume":" 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139142115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A damage-plasticity model for brittle materials based on an approximation of Rankine type of failure criterion 基于兰金失效准则近似值的脆性材料损伤塑性模型
Rakenteiden Mekaniikka Pub Date : 2023-12-29 DOI: 10.23998/rm.137249
T. Saksala, R. Kouhia
{"title":"A damage-plasticity model for brittle materials based on an approximation of Rankine type of failure criterion","authors":"T. Saksala, R. Kouhia","doi":"10.23998/rm.137249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23998/rm.137249","url":null,"abstract":"A damage-plasticity model for tensile failure analyses of brittle materials is developed. The stress states leading to a failure (inelastic strains and damage) are indicated by a rounded approximation of the Rankine criterion. This approximation is expressed in terms of the stress invariants avoiding thus the need of coordinate transformations and eigenvalue solutions required by the classical Rankine criterion. The model is formulated with the effective stress space approach, i.e. the return mapping is first performed in the global effective stress space       and then the damage update is performed independently of the plasticity part. The model is consistently linearized, and, finally, some demonstrative simulations of a tensile test on a rock-like material are carried out.","PeriodicalId":52331,"journal":{"name":"Rakenteiden Mekaniikka","volume":" 40","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139144903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Duct flow with leakage 有泄漏的管道流量
Rakenteiden Mekaniikka Pub Date : 2023-12-22 DOI: 10.23998/rm.137782
Eero-Matti Salonen, R. Holopainen
{"title":"Duct flow with leakage","authors":"Eero-Matti Salonen, R. Holopainen","doi":"10.23998/rm.137782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23998/rm.137782","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of wall leakage on the traditional duct flow equations based of the balance of mass, momentum and mechanical energy applied on a duct section is considered. Application of the momentum balance produces a Bernoulli equation type form, where the multiplier 1/2 in the dynamic pressure is however replaced by the value 1. Some relevant literature references are discussed. As an application, a nozzle duct flow problem is treated.","PeriodicalId":52331,"journal":{"name":"Rakenteiden Mekaniikka","volume":"49 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139165915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Lapetaivutetun CLT-rakenteen lujuuslaskentamenetelmät 翻领切丝CLT结构强度的计算方法
Rakenteiden Mekaniikka Pub Date : 2023-09-04 DOI: 10.23998/rm.128483
Sami Pajunen, Essi Lääveri, Markku Heinisuo
{"title":"Lapetaivutetun CLT-rakenteen lujuuslaskentamenetelmät","authors":"Sami Pajunen, Essi Lääveri, Markku Heinisuo","doi":"10.23998/rm.128483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23998/rm.128483","url":null,"abstract":"Ristiinliimatuista lautakerroksista koottu monikerroslevy, niin sanottu CLT-levy (Cross-Laminated Timber), on vakiinnuttanut paikkansa muiden insinööripuutuotteiden rinnalla teollisessa puurakentamisessa. CLT-levyä käytetään asuinkerrostaloissa, toimistoissa ja muissa jul­kisissa rakennuksissa etenkin seinien ja lattioiden kantavina rakenteina sekä osana koko ra­ken­nuk­sen jäykistysjärjestelmää. Lujuustekniseltä kannalta CLT-levyn tyypillisistä käyttökohteista yli­voimaisesti haastavimpia ovat lattiarakenteet, joissa levyn kerroksellisuus yhdistettynä puun or­to­trooppisuuteen tekee rakenteen siirtymien ja jännitysten laskennasta monimutkaista. Tässä ar­tikkelissa käydään läpi tällaisten lapetaivutettujen CLT-rakenteiden yleisimpien ana­lyy­si­me­ne­tel­mien teoreettisia perusteita sekä vertaillaan menetelmien etuja sekä niiden käyttöön vaikuttavia omi­naisuuksia.","PeriodicalId":52331,"journal":{"name":"Rakenteiden Mekaniikka","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47773926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Characterising the notch root radii and analyses of stress concentration factors near the dominant valleys of rough surface profiles 粗糙表面轮廓的缺口根半径表征及优势谷附近应力集中系数分析
Rakenteiden Mekaniikka Pub Date : 2023-06-12 DOI: 10.23998/rm.124815
Silas Z. Gebrehiwot, Leonardo Espinosa-Leal, H. Remes, Marinus Vermunt
{"title":"Characterising the notch root radii and analyses of stress concentration factors near the dominant valleys of rough surface profiles","authors":"Silas Z. Gebrehiwot, Leonardo Espinosa-Leal, H. Remes, Marinus Vermunt","doi":"10.23998/rm.124815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23998/rm.124815","url":null,"abstract":"Surface roughness is one of the key surface integrity factors affecting the strength and fatigue life of components. Stress concentrations occur due to the randomness of the surface profiles. The presence of a dominant valley, a complex geometry and interacting effects exasperate the severity of the stress concentrations. To estimate the theoretical stress concentration factor (SCF) at the valley, the notch root radius should be estimated carefully. We propose an effective method for estimating the root radius of the deepest valley using numerical derivative techniques. The surface roughness of a carefully sanded Alumec 89 block was measured using SJ-400 tester. The 1-D roughness data was used first to evaluate the root radius of the deepest valleys and then, estimate the SCF using analytical and computational methods. We used 2-D finite element (FE) models under uniaxial tension for the computational analyses. The validity of our method is based on determining the SCF using different theoretical methods and comparing the results to the FE calculations. The theoeritical estimations are made using the Neuber, Inglis and Arola-Ramulu approaches, whereas COMSOL Multiphysics is used for the FE analyses. Comparing the theoeritical methods with the FE calculations, the Arola-Ramulu approach was better, with a maximum of  error. The minimum deviations can be explained by the model containing parameters such as , and  which are inherent to the roughness profile of the material.","PeriodicalId":52331,"journal":{"name":"Rakenteiden Mekaniikka","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47610910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Heavy vehicle tyre testing in natural environments 重型车辆轮胎在自然环境下的试验
Rakenteiden Mekaniikka Pub Date : 2023-03-16 DOI: 10.23998/rm.120702
Miro-Tommi Tuutijärvi, A. Mahmoudzadeh Andwari, Ville Pirnes, Jonne Untinen
{"title":"Heavy vehicle tyre testing in natural environments","authors":"Miro-Tommi Tuutijärvi, A. Mahmoudzadeh Andwari, Ville Pirnes, Jonne Untinen","doi":"10.23998/rm.120702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23998/rm.120702","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents developing of a tyre testing trailer for heavy commercial vehicle tyres at the University of Oulu together with introducing the design of the trailer with different design aspects of the trailer systems. Processes regarding running of the tyre measurements with the trailer as well as the data preparation are performed. The first measurement results are conducted on both snow and wet asphalt conditions. Furthermore, current state and further development plans for the measurement trailer are discussed.","PeriodicalId":52331,"journal":{"name":"Rakenteiden Mekaniikka","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48108235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The coupling of solids and shells by conjugate approximations 用共轭近似法研究固体与壳的耦合
Rakenteiden Mekaniikka Pub Date : 2023-02-13 DOI: 10.23998/rm.120470
M. Malinen, P. Råback
{"title":"The coupling of solids and shells by conjugate approximations","authors":"M. Malinen, P. Råback","doi":"10.23998/rm.120470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23998/rm.120470","url":null,"abstract":"In order to get detailed information about deformations of structures efficiently, it may be necessary to use finite element models which combine three-dimensional discretizations of solidswith approximations of two-dimensional models for shells. Here we show how the idea of conjugate approximations can be used as a means to obtain a formulation of mixed-dimensional coupling between shells and solids. Our method is consistent with respect to the principle of virtual workand does not depend on additional computational parameters, an augmentation of a potential-energy functional by introducing new unknowns, or computations over auxiliary meshes.","PeriodicalId":52331,"journal":{"name":"Rakenteiden Mekaniikka","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45528022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Robust lightweight design and digital twins considering manufacturing quality variation and sustainability requirements 考虑制造质量变化和可持续性要求的坚固轻便设计和数字孪生
Rakenteiden Mekaniikka Pub Date : 2022-12-23 DOI: 10.23998/rm.120693
Petteri Kokkonen, B. Hemming, E. Mikkola, Linus Teir, Ville Lämsä, J. Junttila
{"title":"Robust lightweight design and digital twins considering manufacturing quality variation and sustainability requirements","authors":"Petteri Kokkonen, B. Hemming, E. Mikkola, Linus Teir, Ville Lämsä, J. Junttila","doi":"10.23998/rm.120693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23998/rm.120693","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, robustness optimization of a fatigue-critical welded structure with measured misalignments and a generic robust design procedure are presented. The motivation for considering uncertainties, robustness and multi-criteria decision making in engineering design comes from the increasing sustainability requirements. Lightweight design of vehicles can reduce CO2 emissions and increase energy and material efficiency, but often the fatigue of welds limits the weight reduction. The manufacturing quality affects the fatigue strength of welds, and by quantifying the manufacturing quality and using robust design methodology the increasing sustainability requirements can be met, while also considering the technical and economical constraints. The surrogate model representing the relationship between the actual, measured geometry and the fatigue life can be used as the digital twin during operation.","PeriodicalId":52331,"journal":{"name":"Rakenteiden Mekaniikka","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43045495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Weight optimization of truss structures by using genetic algorithms 基于遗传算法的特拉斯结构重量优化
Rakenteiden Mekaniikka Pub Date : 2022-12-15 DOI: 10.23998/rm.111471
Azad Javanmiri, J. Mäkinen
{"title":"Weight optimization of truss structures by using genetic algorithms","authors":"Azad Javanmiri, J. Mäkinen","doi":"10.23998/rm.111471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23998/rm.111471","url":null,"abstract":"Lightweight structures, especially trusses, have attracted a tremendous attention due to their extensive applications in the construction of infrastructures. Optimizing the shape and cross-sectional topology of truss members is essential since the truss systems are widely used in engineering routines. These systems form the framework of structures like bridges, steel halls for industry and trade, and towers. For the scope of this research, genetic algorithms were used for weight optimization of truss structures. This paper aims to optimize truss structures for finding optimal cross-sectional area. To optimize the cross-sectional area, all members were selected as design variables, with the structure’s weight being the objective function. The restrictions related to the change of the location of the nodes and the tension in the members were the looked-upon problems, the permissible values of which were determined under the circumstances of the problem. In addition, the resulting optimized model which masses for sizing, shape, and topology or their combinations, were compared.","PeriodicalId":52331,"journal":{"name":"Rakenteiden Mekaniikka","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47113380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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