Thanigaivelan Arumugham, Delal E. Al Momani, Zainab Al Ansari, Shadi W. Hasan
{"title":"Recent advances in membrane technologies for disinfection by-product control: Hybrid systems, challenges, and future perspectives","authors":"Thanigaivelan Arumugham, Delal E. Al Momani, Zainab Al Ansari, Shadi W. Hasan","doi":"10.1016/j.coesh.2026.100721","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coesh.2026.100721","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Membrane technology is pivotal in water reuse for limiting disinfection byproduct (DBP) formation in surface water and wastewater, enabling safe potable and non-potable applications. Wastewater effluents, rich in dissolved organic matter (DOM), act as major DBP precursors, posing challenges for water reclamation. Pretreatment-enhanced or hybrid membrane systems have emerged as essential strategies to control DBP formation and ensure water quality. This mini review critically examines recent advances in microfiltration (MF), ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF), and reverses osmosis (RO) membranes for controlling DBP formation. While NF and RO can achieve up to 90–99 % removal of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and effectively reduce DBP formation potential (DBPFP) by over 80 %, MF and UF alone are limited in NOM/DBPFP removal and typically require integration with coagulation or other pretreatment processes for significant DBP control. However, low-molecular-weight neutral DBPs like NDMA remain challenging, with rejection rates frequently below 40 %. Hybrid systems, including ozonation-NF and photocatalytic membrane processes, show enhanced DBP removal efficiencies of up to 95 %, while offering benefits in fouling control and operational stability. Despite these advances, challenges persist in scalability, cost, and the environmental sustainability of emerging membrane materials. Future research should prioritize the integration of advanced nanomaterials, machine learning-driven membrane design, and life cycle assessments to enable safe and economically viable DBP management in water treatment and reuse.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52296,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Environmental Science and Health","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 100721"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147388323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Environmental risks associated with PFAS contamination in water: Challenges and emerging management strategies","authors":"Monika Mahajan , Rajneesh Kumar Gautam , Himanshu K. Pathak , Rajeev Pratap Singh , Edza Aria Wikurendra","doi":"10.1016/j.coesh.2026.100705","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coesh.2026.100705","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Per and polyfluoroalkyl substances are durable synthetic organofluorines, and their toxicity has led to a worldwide environmental and public health dilemma. While their ubiquitous presence in air, water, food, and human serum is well documented, there are significant inequalities in how these substances are monitored, regulated, and managed, especially in developing areas where systems are inadequate or nonexistent. Current review underlines how technical deficiencies, poor governance, and socioeconomic barriers escalate PFAS risks throughout the Global South. This review covers remediation technologies such as adsorption, membrane separation, advanced oxidation, plasma treatment, and biochar based solutions, highlighting their potential and their challenges. Bridging data and treatment gaps will necessitate region-specific fate-and-transport models, open-access monitoring, and AI/ML driven predictive tools for flexible solutions. International binding agreements, technology transfer, and polluter pays strategies are essential. The management of PFAS necessitates a global approach that incorporates interdisciplinary methods and emphasizes justice-oriented solutions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52296,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Environmental Science and Health","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 100705"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146175448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Antibiotic residues, resistant bacteria, and resistance genes in hospital wastewater from upper middle-income countries: A systematic review","authors":"Ikhwan Yuda Kusuma , Hening Pratiwi , Afriza Pujiati , Septi Nurkhasanah , Dian Ayu Eka Pitaloka","doi":"10.1016/j.coesh.2026.100707","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coesh.2026.100707","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hospital wastewater in upper middle-income countries (UMICs) is a major source of antibiotic residues, resistant bacteria, and resistance genes due to limited treatment and surveillance. This review synthesizes evidence to assess the scale of the problem, highlight knowledge gaps, and guide strategies to curb antimicrobial resistance spread. Conducted under PRISMA guidelines, the review analyzed studies from 2015 to 2025 on antibiotic residues, resistant bacteria, and resistance genes in hospital wastewater from UMICs, with emphasis on treatment technologies and public health risks. Fifty-seven studies showed that hospital wastewater in UMICs contains high levels of antibiotic residues, resistant bacteria, and resistance genes, even after conventional treatment. Multidrug-resistant pathogens such as <em>E. coli</em>, <em>K. pneumoniae</em>, <em>P. aeruginosa</em>, and <em>A. baumannii</em> were frequently reported, with resistance to last resort antibiotics including carbapenems and colistin. Findings underscore limitations of conventional treatment, risks of horizontal gene transfer, and urgent need for advanced technologies and stronger public protection measures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52296,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Environmental Science and Health","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 100707"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146154148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Emerging higher-carbon nitrogenous disinfection byproducts: A brief review of structures, occurrence, and research needs","authors":"Siavash Mohamadi, Christian A. Werner, Ning Dai","doi":"10.1016/j.coesh.2025.100690","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coesh.2025.100690","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Disinfection/oxidation byproducts (DBPs) are formed during water treatment. Nitrogenous DBPs (N-DBPs) are generally more toxic than the DBPs without nitrogen. Recently, DBPs of more than two carbons (“higher-carbon DBPs”) have been reported, but the status of higher-carbon N-DBP research has not been reviewed. This review assembled 355 individual compounds/structures of emerging higher-carbon N-DBPs and summarized the occurrence, precursors, and oxidation treatment for the 12 major classes (196 compounds/structures), including halogenated aromatic/cyclic compounds (nitrophenols, anilines, benzoquinone imines, pyridines, pyrroles, imidazoles, indoles, and nucleobases), as well as aliphatic/aromatic/cyclic compounds featuring nitrile, amide, and imide functional groups. Almost half of the major higher-carbon N-DBPs were confirmed by standards, but mass spectrometry-based identification is also common. Chlorination was the most studied disinfection method for higher-carbon N-DBPs, followed by chloramination and pre-ozonation, while chlorine dioxide and UV were not commonly considered. The levels of higher-carbon N-DBPs in real water samples ranged from <0.1 to ∼100 ng/L based on the limited studies, but their global occurrence remains unknown. Preliminary toxicity assessment showed that higher-carbon N-DBPs were more toxic than their non-nitrogenous analogues and the regulated DBPs. Potential synergy between the research of DBPs and contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) was discussed, as CECs can serve as a significant but previously overlooked source of precursors for both higher-carbon N-DBPs and the high-priority small-molecule DBPs. Strengthening the synergy between the research on DBPs and advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), especially regarding nitrogen-incorporation during AOP, will contribute to our understanding on the formation of higher-carbon N-DBPs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52296,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Environmental Science and Health","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 100690"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145685643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Brominated and iodinated disinfection by-products: Recent advances in formation, characterization, and toxicity","authors":"Justine Criquet","doi":"10.1016/j.coesh.2025.100692","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coesh.2025.100692","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The formation of brominated and iodinated disinfection by-products is of concern due to impaired water quality, taste- and odor-issues, and health concerns. Progress in the identification of precursors among the complex organic matter reveals that low-molecular-weight by-products are the main toxicity drivers. These by-products could, however, originate from the degradation of high-molecular-weight organic matter, especially in the presence of iodide during chlorination or chloramination and algal bloom events. Alternative oxidants such as peracids or periodate reach different levels of assessment, considering the formation of by-products, demonstrating breakthroughs in this field but also remaining gaps to be filled.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52296,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Environmental Science and Health","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 100692"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145737973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Syed Shabi Ul Hassan Kazmi , Muhammad Azeem , Hafiz Sohaib Ahmed Saqib , Zaher Mundher Yaseen , Gang Li
{"title":"The plastisphere as an engine of environmental change: Impacts on biogeochemical cycling and pollutant fate","authors":"Syed Shabi Ul Hassan Kazmi , Muhammad Azeem , Hafiz Sohaib Ahmed Saqib , Zaher Mundher Yaseen , Gang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.coesh.2025.100703","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coesh.2025.100703","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plastic pollution is now a major microbiological and biogeochemical challenge. This review critically evaluates the plastisphere, the microbial biofilm colonizing plastic debris, and establishes its role as an engine of environmental change. We posit the central hypothesis that the plastisphere functions as a mobile hotspot of microbial activity that disrupts natural biogeochemical cycles and introduces novel pollutant dynamics. To evaluate this, we investigate three key questions: (1) how does the metabolic core of the plastisphere reconcile high <em>in vitro</em> enzymatic potential with limited <em>in situ</em> degradation efficacy? (2) what is the dual role of the plastisphere in pollutant fate, acting as both a transport vector and a bioreactor? (3) how are these functions intensified by global change drivers? Our synthesis concludes that the plastisphere collective metabolism short-circuits natural elemental cycles and introduces novel pollutant vectors. Addressing this multidimensional threat requires interdisciplinary research to inform both mitigation policies and the transition to a circular plastic economy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52296,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Environmental Science and Health","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 100703"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145925880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Manish Kumar , Aseem Saxena , Sachin Tripathi , Durga Prasad Panday , Juan Antonio Torres-Martínez
{"title":"Harnessing microplastic contaminant hydro(bio)logy: Proxies for flood impact, surface-groundwater connectivity, and urbanisation","authors":"Manish Kumar , Aseem Saxena , Sachin Tripathi , Durga Prasad Panday , Juan Antonio Torres-Martínez","doi":"10.1016/j.coesh.2025.100696","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coesh.2025.100696","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban runoff, shaped by human activities and land use, is a key source of microplastics (MPs), contributing to the contamination of rivers, groundwater, and coastal systems. Understanding MP sources, variability, and behaviour in urban runoff remains challenging due to their diverse origins and dynamic transport processes. Flood events accelerate the mobilisation of MPs, redistributing particles across catchments and ecosystems. Processes like fragmentation, ageing, and retention alter MPs’ size, shape, and surface properties, influencing their transport, accumulation, and interactions in different environments. This opinion article examines the potential of MP profiling to evaluate the extent and pathways of surface-groundwater interactions in urbanizing landscapes, with a focus on flood impacts. The study further highlights the coexistence of MPs with other pollutants and their potential infiltration into groundwater. Through analysis of microplastic contaminant loads, composition, and transport during and after flood events, this opinion demonstrates their dual function as markers of flood occurrences and tools for evaluating hydrological connectivity altered by urban development. The findings highlight the promise of MP hydro(bio)logy as a sensitive, cost-effective approach for integrated water management, improved flood impact assessment, and the formulation of urban planning strategies tailored to mitigate environmental risks in rapidly changing catchments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52296,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Environmental Science and Health","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 100696"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145840764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Priyansha Gupta , Manuel D. Arciniegas-Pérez , Héctor A. Barrios-Piña
{"title":"Impact of brine discharge from desalination plants on marine ecosystems: A review","authors":"Priyansha Gupta , Manuel D. Arciniegas-Pérez , Héctor A. Barrios-Piña","doi":"10.1016/j.coesh.2025.100693","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coesh.2025.100693","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Desalination addresses freshwater scarcity, but hypersaline brine discharge raises ecological and health concerns. This review synthesizes 15 years of research on desalination brine impacts. Key stressors, high salinity, temperature, alkalinity, and metals, degrade water quality, biodiversity, and ecological balance. Effects include 40% plankton loss and 25–30% seagrass decline near outfalls. Elevated ions and residual chemicals disrupt microbes, fostering pathogens and disease. Regulatory frameworks remain fragmented. Advances in AI modeling and resource recovery offer mitigation, yet knowledge gaps persist on cumulative and synergistic impacts. Sustainable desalination requires integrated monitoring, AI-based management, and harmonized global regulations for ecosystem protection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52296,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Environmental Science and Health","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 100693"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145790884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Impact of macroplastic and microplastic litter pollution on terrestrial soil–plant ecosystems: Pathways, fate, and transport","authors":"Deval Jugraj Singh , Anil Kumar Dikshit , Sunil Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.coesh.2025.100694","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coesh.2025.100694","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Continuous accumulation of plastic litter in terrestrial ecosystems acts as a major pathway for the macroplastics (MaPs) and microplastics (MiPs) contamination into marine environment. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the sources, fate, and transport of plastic litter within soil–plant systems. It also presents a novel synthesis that connects plastic litter–induced modifications in soil properties and nutrient dynamics with physiological stress, root distortion, and reduced photosynthetic performance in plants. It was found that MaPs primarily affect soil structure by blocking pores and disrupting aggregation, whereas MiP impairs seed germination, nutrient uptake, photosynthesis, and redox imbalance via oxidative stress and leachates of toxic additives. Evidence indicates the uptake and vascular translocation of MiP in edible tissues causes potential risks to food chain. Finally, future research directions were proposed on soil remediation strategies, assessing long-term impact of MiPs and nanoplastics on plant genetic cycle.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52296,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Environmental Science and Health","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 100694"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145790845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Parabolic solar collectors for sustainable water treatment: A review of applications, advancements and future directions","authors":"Paramjeet Singh Paliyal , Surajit Mondal","doi":"10.1016/j.coesh.2025.100691","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coesh.2025.100691","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing global demand for clean and sustainable water treatment solutions has accelerated research into Parabolic Solar Collectors (PSCs) for solar-driven water purification. PSCs utilize concentrated solar energy to achieve high temperatures, facilitating critical water treatment processes such as desalination, pathogen inactivation, and heavy metal removal. This review explores the latest advancements in PSC technology, including high-efficiency selective coatings, hybrid photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) integration, nanofluid-based heat transfer, AI-driven automation, and modular system designs, which have significantly enhanced efficiency, scalability, and reliability. A comparative analysis of various PSC-based water treatment strategies is presented, highlighting their advantages, limitations, and performance metrics. Additionally, a correlation matrix demonstrates the interdependencies between key technological innovations in PSCs and their impact on energy efficiency and sustainability. While PSC technology has shown great potential in decentralized and industrial water treatment, challenges such as high initial costs, material durability, and operational optimization persist. Future research will focus on cost-effective materials, advanced automation, and hybrid energy storage systems to further improve the efficacy and accessibility of PSCs for global water treatment applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52296,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Environmental Science and Health","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 100691"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145737974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}