{"title":"Fate and toxicity of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), substituted PAHs and heterocyclic PAHs in water","authors":"Nageshwari Krishnamoorthy , Prasenjit Ghosh , Suparna Mukherji","doi":"10.1016/j.coesh.2025.100646","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coesh.2025.100646","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Contamination by polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, also known as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), substituted PAHs (SPAHs) and heterocyclic PAHs (HPAHs) is widely reported in rivers, lakes, and estuaries. Substituted PAHs (SPAHs) are a subclass of PAHs characterized by the presence of various substituent groups, such as alkyl, nitro, and oxy groups. In contrast, heterocyclic PAHs (HPAHs) are in-ring substituted PAHs where nitrogen (N), sulfur (S), and oxygen (O) replace one of the carbon (C) in the aromatic ring. These compounds are primarily produced through anthropogenic activities such as the combustion of fossil fuels, biomass burning, and industrial processes. The enhanced physicochemical complexity of SPAHs and HPAHs caused by side chain or in-ring substitution, respectively, modifies key properties such as water solubility, hydrophobicity, and environmental persistence, ultimately influencing their behavior, transformation, and bioavailability. Alkyl substitution in SPAHs generally increases hydrophobicity, while polar substituents enhance water solubility and increase the toxicity. PAHs and their derivatives undergo transformations such as photolysis, microbial degradation, and chemical oxidation in aquatic systems. Toxicity of PAHs, SPAHs, and HPAHs varies with the molecular structure. Nitrated PAHs (NPAHs) and HPAHs containing nitrogen in the ring (PANHs) depict high acute toxicity, mutagenicity without metabolic activation, and adverse effects caused by generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Future research must focus on improving detection and quantification, assessing ecotoxicity and human health impacts, exploring environmental fate, and developing effective removal techniques, and regulatory strategies for the SPAHs and HPAHs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52296,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Environmental Science and Health","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100646"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144631995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Micro(nano)plastics in the fish gastrointestinal tract: A mini review and relevance to One Health perspective","authors":"Farhan R. Khan , Nathaniel Clark , Elvis Genbo Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.coesh.2025.100645","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coesh.2025.100645","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Micro(nano)plastics (MNPs) research in the piscine gastrointestinal tract has been a significant area of study. Understanding the environmental presence of microplastics, their potential for both localised and systemic effects, and their role as a gateway for MNPs and associated chemicals to enter the tissues and the food web, including the human food chain, is crucial. The fish gut, as a critical intersection between environmental, biotic, and human health, aligns with the One Health concept. We review the likely uptake mechanisms and toxicological damage caused by ingesting MNPs and their associated chemicals in fish, contextualised within the realms of digestive physiology and biological plausibility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52296,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Environmental Science and Health","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100645"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144580160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gorakhanath S. Jadhav , Makarand M. Ghangrekar , Gourav D. Bhowmick
{"title":"Bioelectric toilet for sustainable on-site wastewater management","authors":"Gorakhanath S. Jadhav , Makarand M. Ghangrekar , Gourav D. Bhowmick","doi":"10.1016/j.coesh.2025.100639","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coesh.2025.100639","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mounting global water scarcity, environmental degradation, and a lack of centralized wastewater management infrastructure in widespread and remote areas of developing countries invite innovative and sustainable approaches for on-site wastewater management. To address the above concern, a bioelectrochemically assisted on-site toilet waste treatment stands out as a cutting-edge and innovative technology, uniquely capable of addressing the intricate issues posed by poor on-site wastewater management. A “Bioelectric Toilet” treats human wastewater on-site using microbial fuel cells (MFCs)-based system while simultaneously harvesting bioelectricity. Further, under anaerobic conditions, this system converts the organic substrate to carbon dioxide instead of methane, ammonia to nitrogen, and sulphide to elemental sulfur, providing a convincing avenue for attaining global environment-friendly sanitation and sustainability goals, at the same time avoiding odor problem. This review explores the design concept, operational mechanism, and implications of Bioelectric Toilets. Furthermore, it assesses the potential benefits, obstacles, and future possibilities of widespread adoption of Bioelectric Toilets in various socioeconomic circumstances.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52296,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Environmental Science and Health","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100639"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144562945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Microbial enzyme-based water treatment in smart cities: A synoptic review","authors":"Manoj Kumar , Abhinav Rohilla , Disha Singh , Anjali Panwar , Suvendu Manna","doi":"10.1016/j.coesh.2025.100640","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coesh.2025.100640","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In many countries, governments are emphasizing the development of smart cities to establish economic growth and provide a quality of life to the inhabitants. Reutilization of wastewater after treatment can prevent water scarcity in smart cities. However, the presence of emerging contaminants (ECs) in wastewater poses serious health concerns. Traditional contaminant removal technologies have high operational costs, energy and carbon-intensive natures, and the generation of non-biodegradable and hazardous byproducts. In this context, microbial enzymes promise to provide a sustainable and low-cost approach for the removal of ECs. Various microbial enzymes, such as laccase, tyrosinase, amylase, lipase, etc., are being studied for ECs’ removal from wastewater. This review will discuss the concept of water management strategies in smart cities. Furthermore, the review emphasizes the issue of ECs in treated wastewater and the benefits of utilizing microbial enzymes for efficient EC removal. The review further discusses the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) related to enzymatic water treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52296,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Environmental Science and Health","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100640"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144556816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Understanding the pathways, pollution and potential solutions pertaining to pesticides: Circular engineering for persistent chemicals","authors":"Manish Kumar , Siddhant Dash , Jürgen Mahlknecht , Alan Kolok , Shiwangi Dogra , Keisuke Kuroda , Tomohiro Tobino , Abrahan Mora , Absar Ahmad Kazmi , Rajesh Singh , Pravin Kumar Mutiyar , Rajesh Roshan Dash , Futoshi Kurisu","doi":"10.1016/j.coesh.2025.100638","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coesh.2025.100638","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper offers a comprehensive examination of the global footprint of pesticides consumption, revealing the disproportionate usage in high-income countries and highlighting the severe environmental and health risks posed by chemicals such as organochlorines and organophosphates. While numerous studies have been conducted on assessing the fate and transport of pesticides in the natural environment in developed nations, however, there is pressing need for similar research in developing regions, within South-East Asia, Latin America, and the African Union. Due to the cumulative nature of pesticides and the duration of exposure, it was expected that biota would show higher average, minimum, and maximum concentrations, along with increased variability. Water appears to be slightly more contaminated than sediment, but the most concerning revelation is the prevalence of pesticides in the air. Emphasizing the urgency of sustainable practices, the paper proposes microcosmic understanding on the degradation of pesticides, their contribution to antimicrobial resistance, and the development of environmentally friendly alternatives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52296,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Environmental Science and Health","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100638"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144534178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paulo Pereira , Miguel Inacio , Damia Barcelo , Wenwu Zhao
{"title":"Impacts of agriculture intensification on biodiversity loss, climate change and ecosystem services","authors":"Paulo Pereira , Miguel Inacio , Damia Barcelo , Wenwu Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.coesh.2025.100637","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coesh.2025.100637","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Agricultural intensification harms biodiversity and contributes to climate change and ecosystem services (ES) degradation. Therefore, this opinion study aims to assess the impacts of agricultural intensification in three key aspects. Agricultural intensification causes biodiversity loss, greenhouse gas emissions, climate change, and an increase in the severity and frequency of extreme events. This will negatively impact all regulating and cultural ES (except for knowledge systems) and all provisioning ES in the long term. Sustainable agriculture practices are not enough to ensure food security in a world with a growing demand for food. Ensuring food security without compromising the environment is one of the greatest challenges of our time. Although it is necessary to ensure food security, without healthy ecosystems, this is not possible. A transformational change in our society and policy is needed to halt this process. Therefore, it is essential to recognise that a shift in consumption habits is necessary.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52296,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Environmental Science and Health","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100637"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144481230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Raul Narciso C. Guedes, Giovanni Benelli, Nicolas Desneux, Evgenios Agathokleous
{"title":"Non-target effects of bioinsecticides: Hic sunt draconis!","authors":"Raul Narciso C. Guedes, Giovanni Benelli, Nicolas Desneux, Evgenios Agathokleous","doi":"10.1016/j.coesh.2025.100635","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coesh.2025.100635","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52296,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Environmental Science and Health","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100635"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144518429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Matthew V. Russell , Tiffany L. Messer , Daniel D. Snow , Shannon Bartelt-Hunt
{"title":"Review on fate and ecological implications of antibiotics in aquatic agricultural environments","authors":"Matthew V. Russell , Tiffany L. Messer , Daniel D. Snow , Shannon Bartelt-Hunt","doi":"10.1016/j.coesh.2025.100618","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coesh.2025.100618","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This review summarizes recent reports related to fate and transport of antibiotics, degradation pathways in agricultural environments, and human and environmental health and ecotoxicity concerns related to environmental exposures. Studies utilizing wide-ranging designs to monitor or simulate agroecosystems exposed to antibiotics were reviewed to better understand the impacts of antibiotic compounds in various environmental matrices (soil, water, and plant biomass). Based on these recent reports, antibiotic compounds enter and persist in agricultural environments in environmentally relevant amounts. These biologically active compounds have the potential to impact natural biological populations, namely microbial populations that facilitate ecosystem services and plant systems that have the capacity to uptake antibiotic compounds into plant tissue (roots, stems, leaves, etc.). Studies focusing on plant storage of antibiotics consistently noted storage is observed to be preferential to below-ground/-surface storage (roots) rather than in above-ground/-surface (stems, shoots, leaves, and seeds).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52296,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Environmental Science and Health","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 100618"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144270753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jawer David Acuña-Bedoya, Fátima Borja-Maldonado, Marcela Herrera-Domínguez, Miguel Ángel López Zavala
{"title":"Current situation of emerging contaminants in Mexican waters and treatment perspectives","authors":"Jawer David Acuña-Bedoya, Fátima Borja-Maldonado, Marcela Herrera-Domínguez, Miguel Ángel López Zavala","doi":"10.1016/j.coesh.2025.100636","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coesh.2025.100636","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Emerging contaminants (ECs) in water represent a significant environmental and public health challenge, with compounds such as pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and endocrine disruptors posing substantial risks. In Mexico, the detection of ECs has intensified, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, due to increased pharmaceutical consumption. This review highlights the most frequently detected ECs, including naproxen, carbamazepine, 17-β estradiol, Bisphenol A, and triclosan, which are prioritized for regulation based on their high concentrations and adverse effects on both aquatic ecosystems and human health. Despite Mexico's efforts to monitor these contaminants, the country faces significant challenges in terms of regulation and removal. Conventional wastewater treatment methods are insufficient to eliminate ECs, requiring the implementation of advanced technologies such as advanced oxidation processes. However, a lack of political intervention, inadequate regulatory frameworks, and limited public awareness hinder progress. This review underscores the need for stronger governmental action, interdisciplinary collaboration, and public education to mitigate EC pollution. The development of new regulations and the integration of advanced treatment technologies into existing infrastructure are crucial to preventing long-term environmental damage and safeguarding public health. Additionally, promoting awareness among consumers about the risks of ECs could lead to more sustainable product choices and reduce contamination of water sources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52296,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Environmental Science and Health","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100636"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144313204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Air quality in the era of climate change: Bioaerosols, multi-exposures, and the emerging threats of respiratory allergies and infectious diseases","authors":"Athanasios Damialis , Stefanie Gilles","doi":"10.1016/j.coesh.2025.100634","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coesh.2025.100634","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the rising global burden of allergies and asthma, bioaerosols have gained the attention of physicians and researchers over the past decades. However, bioaerosols still remain underestimated, excluded from EU Directives. This work points out that respiratory diseases, an emerging human health risk, may be predicted and appropriately managed only if the entirety of co- and multi-exposures, biogenic as well as mixed (chemical-biological) is considered, especially for vulnerable population groups. Here we present an overview of the state of the art in bioaerosol research and its challenges, and pinpoint unmet research and policy needs in a rapidly changing world.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52296,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Environmental Science and Health","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100634"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144312598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}