Revista BionaturaPub Date : 2023-10-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.03.81
Hussein Ali Abdul Hadi, Akram Faisal Alhuwaiz
{"title":"Treatment of shallow and deep white spot lesions with three different mouthwashes evaluated by laser fluorescence (an in vitro study)","authors":"Hussein Ali Abdul Hadi, Akram Faisal Alhuwaiz","doi":"10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.03.81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.03.81","url":null,"abstract":"This research aims to find how three different types of mouthwashes affect the depth of artificial white spot lesions. Teeth with various depths of white spot lesions were immersed in either splat mouthwash, Biorepair mouthwash, Sensodyne mouthwash, or artificial saliva (control)twice daily for one minute for 4 weeks and 8 weeks at 37°C. After this immersion procedure, lesion depth was measured using a diagnosed pen score. A one-way analysis of variance, Dunnett T3 and Tukey's post hoc α = .05 were used to analyze the testing data. Splat mouthwash enhanced the WSL remineralization and made the lowest ΔF compared with other mouthwashes in shallow and deep enamel after 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. In the repair groups, after 4 weeks of treatment, significant recovery was observed in shallow enamel. Further improvement in shallow WSL after 8 weeks of treatment with biorepair mouthwash was observed compared to Sensodyne and the control group. Splat mouthwash is more effective than other mouthwashes in remineralizing two depths of WSLs at different time points. Keywords: DIAGNOdent pen, Shallow enamel, Deep enamel, white spot lesion.","PeriodicalId":52287,"journal":{"name":"Revista Bionatura","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136183492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Revista BionaturaPub Date : 2023-10-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.03.55
Sura Obaid Al-Issawi
{"title":"The Effect of Mediterranean Diet (MD) Accompanying Zumba Exercises in Reducing the Percentage of Cellulite for Women Aged (30-45) Years","authors":"Sura Obaid Al-Issawi","doi":"10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.03.55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.03.55","url":null,"abstract":"The research aimed to identify the effect of the Mediterranean diet and Zumba exercises on the percentage of cellulite for women aged (30-45) years. Therefore, The researcher prepared the Mediterranean diet program and the Zumba exercises that fit the research sample’s capabilities. The study sample was represented by (20) female employees who had cellulite exclusively, where the Mediterranean diet programs were applied through the distribution of a weekly food program and the accompanying Zumba exercises. The above program was carried out on the research sample for 3 months (12 weeks) by two training units per week, which were graded from easy to difficult. After implementing the two programs and conducting post-tests, the researcher concluded the following conclusions: The Mediterranean diet positively reduced the percentage of cellulite found in specific areas of the body (thigh, hip, and abdomen) because the values were significant, knowing that its components are available, which made it easy to apply. Besides, using Zumba exercises along with the Mediterranean diet helped reduce fat, water, and waste accumulation and gradually disappear. The researcher recommends that the Mediterranean diet be identified because its materials and nutrients depend on unsaturated fats and their high nutritional value. Emphasis on adopting different diets for those with high weight to reduce weight. Moreover, the use of Zumba exercises and other physical exercises accompanying music in hospitals and rehabilitation centers because of their role in increasing the fun and happiness of patients and eliminating depression and stress. Keywords: Mediterranean Diet, Zumba Exercises, Cellulite","PeriodicalId":52287,"journal":{"name":"Revista Bionatura","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136183697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Revista BionaturaPub Date : 2023-10-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.03.42
Zahraa Hadi Musaibeh Al-Maamouri, Ibrahim Mordhi Radhi
{"title":"Effect of bio-fertilizer and spraying of nano-fertilizer and gibberellin on the chemical traits of Aloe vera L.","authors":"Zahraa Hadi Musaibeh Al-Maamouri, Ibrahim Mordhi Radhi","doi":"10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.03.42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.03.42","url":null,"abstract":"A factorial experiment with three replications was conducted according to a randomized complete block design (RCBD) to study the effect of bio fertilization at three levels (0, Azotobacter, Mycorrhizae) and spraying with nano fertilizer (Nano Iron) (0, 1500, 3000) mg L-1 and gibberellin GA3 (0, 150) (300) mg L-1 in the chemical traits of Aloe vera L.) in lath house of the Department of Plant Production Techniques / Al-Musayyib Technical College / Middle Euphrates University during the 2021-2022 agricultural season. After the experiment ended, the results were: The treatments of adding azotobacter and spraying with nano iron concentration of 3000 mg L and gibberellin concentration of 300 mg L-1 were significantly superior in all studied traits. It was also caused by the bi-interaction (Mycorrhizal + Nano iron 3000 mg L-1), (Mycorrhizal + gibberellin 300 mg L-1) and (Mycorrhizal iron 3000 mg L-1 + Gibberellin 300 mg L-1) and the triple interaction between the study factors (Mycorrhizalgia). + Nano iron 3000 mg L-1 + gibberellin 300 mg L-1) a significant increase in most of the studied traits Keywords: Rheumatoid arthritis, Tripartite motif-containing protein 72, Disease activity score 28.","PeriodicalId":52287,"journal":{"name":"Revista Bionatura","volume":"136 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136183705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Revista BionaturaPub Date : 2023-10-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.03.22
Hussein Adnan Mohammed, U.A. Al-Sari
{"title":"Relationship between Osteoarthritis and Thyroid Dysfunction, as well as with Physical and Demographic Features","authors":"Hussein Adnan Mohammed, U.A. Al-Sari","doi":"10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.03.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.03.22","url":null,"abstract":"Osteoarthritis (OA) is a commonly prevalent and chronically complicated condition that affects different joints in millions of patients worldwide, leading to a cumulative effect over time. Due to few global prospective studies, this study investigated the association of OA to bodily and demographic characteristics of the study population. It demonstrated the levels of thyroid hormones in OA patients. Totally, 324 individuals; 162 normal (GN), 111 doubtful to minimal OA (GOA1) and 51 moderately to severe OA (GOA2) were subjected to this study from September to December (2021). For bodily characteristics of the study population, the findings of age, height and gender showed insignificance between study groups but not in weight and BMI. Regarding demographic data, level of education, non-smoking and smoking, and non-arthritis and arthritis population were associated almost insignificantly with OA patients except for GOA2 patients, who showed a significant correlation to OA compared to GOA1 and GN. For chronic diseases, the association was observed insignificantly between GOA1, GOA2 and GN of 1 and 2 chronic diseases and between GOA1 and GN of 3 and 4 chronic diseases; however, significance was recorded in values of GOA2 in comparison with values of GOA1 and GN. For physical activity, significance was observed in low and high values but not in medium activities. Results without and with walking aids were variable significantly, in particular in values of GOA2 when compared to GOA1 and GN. Findings of TSH, T3 and T4 of GOA1, GOA2 and GN were correlated significantly. The association of TSH to the severity of OA revealed an obvious significance in values of crude, adjusted 1 and 2 models. In conclusion, this study was the first Iraqi report, and studies are necessary due to the significant association between OA and thyroid hormone dysfunction. Keywords: OA, T3, T4, TSH, Risk factor, Iraq","PeriodicalId":52287,"journal":{"name":"Revista Bionatura","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136183819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Revista BionaturaPub Date : 2023-10-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.03.12
Nasser Jassim Mansour, Abdul Mohsin Abdullah Radi
{"title":"Impact of perlite and biochar on barley growth and output in clay soil","authors":"Nasser Jassim Mansour, Abdul Mohsin Abdullah Radi","doi":"10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.03.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.03.12","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was conducted in clay-textured soil during the agricultural season 2021-2022 at Al-Muthanna Governorate, Al-Suwayr District - Albugrad region, longitude \"5. 16' 36°31, and a latitude '0'. 52' 27 ° 45, to study the effect of biochar and perlite on the growth and yield of barley in clay soil. The experiment used a Randomized Block Design (RCBD) with two factors and three replicates. The biochar factor treatments included four levels of biochar at the level (0% B0, 0.5% B1, 1% B2, 1.5% B3). In comparison, the treatments of the second factor perlite included four levels. They are the addition of agricultural perlite at the level (0% P0, 0.5% P1, 1% P2, 1.5% P3). Mixing biochar with agricultural perlite for all treatments with soil to a depth of 30 cm. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivar Iba 99 was planted on 1/11/2021. Crop service operations were carried out from adding chemical fertilizers, jungle control and irrigation until the end of the experiment and harvest on 9/9/2022. The results showed the superiority of the B3 biochar treatment (1.5% biochar) in improving most of the physical and chemical properties of the soil, plant height, number of branches and total yield, the superiority of the B2 biochar treatment (1% biochar) in recording the highest weight of 1000 grains, the treatment of perlite P1 (0.5% perlite) was superior in recording the highest weight of 1000 grains, the superiority of the B3P3 interaction treatment in recording the highest value of the number of branches in the plant. Keywords: Biochar, perlite, growth, yield, barley, clay soil.","PeriodicalId":52287,"journal":{"name":"Revista Bionatura","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136183824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Association among Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and vitamin D shortage, hemoglobin deficiency, dietary habits, and other variations in children aged 6 to 18 years: cross-sectional investigation at an Iraqi children's hospital","authors":"Mahmood Razzaq Mashar Askar, Zainab Waleed Jasim Al-Mashhadany","doi":"10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.03.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.03.16","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Several studies have shown a correlation between Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) and vitamin D, but considerable disagreement exists. The goal of this study was to see if there was a relationship between vitamin D3 deficiency on the one hand, dietary habits on the other hand, and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in kids patients in a hospital in Iraq. Methods: In 2022, a cross-sectional study was done on 1600 patients in a child hospital in Iraq. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information on socio-demographic and lifestyle variables, and a short food frequency questionnaire was used to determine dietary patterns (FFQ). After a blood sample from the vein was taken, the H. pylori status (positive vs. negative) was identified. The stool and blood samples were all collected and sent to the hematology, chemistry, and parasitology lab for examination. Logistical multivariable to determine the relationship between socio-demographic, lifestyle, nutritional, and other factors, regression used. With H.pylori infection, there are several health-related issues to consider. In this sample, the prevalence of H. pylori infection was 62.8%. The multivariable analysis revealed that the risk of H. pylori infection was higher among those who did not follow healthy eating habits and whose parents were uneducated. The study found that Vit.D3 deficiency increased in girls more than in boys. H. pylori is associated with socio-demographic and clinical factors. More research is needed to determine the impact of diet on H. pylori risk. Keywords: Helicobacter pylori, Iraq, hemoglobin deficiency, dietary habits","PeriodicalId":52287,"journal":{"name":"Revista Bionatura","volume":"179 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136183830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Revista BionaturaPub Date : 2023-10-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.04.70
Sarah Raad Shaker, Ibtehaj Mustafa Hakeem, Hasan Moamin Lilo
{"title":"Study of the inhibitory effect of aqueous extract of thyme leaf powder on alpha-amylase enzyme produced by insect larvae (Trogoderma granarium)","authors":"Sarah Raad Shaker, Ibtehaj Mustafa Hakeem, Hasan Moamin Lilo","doi":"10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.04.70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.04.70","url":null,"abstract":"The study included evaluating the effectiveness of aqueous extract of Thyme leaf powder on the inhibition of the alpha-amylase enzyme produced by insect larvae (Trogoderma granarium), as well as studying the most important active compounds to know their biological effect on the enzyme by using HPLC technology. Optimum conditions of temperature and pH were determined to measure the inhibitor activity and stability toward the enzyme. The results of HPLC cleared that the thyme aqueous extract had a high level of tannin, 9 micrograms/ml. The chemical tests for this study indicated that thyme leaves contain saponins, flavonoids, glycosides, resins and alkaloids. The results showed that the aqueous lyophilization process gave the best extraction rate of 68% and also preserved the active compounds without heat. It was noted from the study results that the best inhibition of the enzyme was when using a concentration of 10%, which means that the higher the concentration of the inhibitor is, the higher its effectiveness. By studying the various factors, we find that the best temperature for inhibition is 30 °C. As for PH, it was at pH = 7. It has been concluded in this study that the possibility of using the extract of thyme to inhibit the alpha-amylase enzyme is produced by Insect larvae (Trogoderma granarium) as a paradigm. Keywords: a-amylase, Trogoderma granarium, thyme, lyophilization, HPLC","PeriodicalId":52287,"journal":{"name":"Revista Bionatura","volume":"280 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136184000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Revista BionaturaPub Date : 2023-10-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.04.57
Rand Manaf Abd Al-Rhman, Rasha al-sahlanee, Jinan Mohammed Jawad Alsaffar, Aida Hussain Ibrahim
{"title":"Predictive value of C-reactive protein, D-dimer, Hemoglobin and Lactate dehydrogenase levels in diagnosing COVID-19 patients","authors":"Rand Manaf Abd Al-Rhman, Rasha al-sahlanee, Jinan Mohammed Jawad Alsaffar, Aida Hussain Ibrahim","doi":"10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.04.57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.04.57","url":null,"abstract":"Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused enormous issues worldwide and is the most infectious pandemic. 50 subjects (evenly distributed between sexes) were included in this study, as well as their range of ages starting from 2 to 67 years. According to the study's result, the age and gender of the subjects include susceptibility to COVID-19; males were found to be more infected than females, and the ages 36 to 67 were more common than in other age ranges. Also, BMI calculations revealed that male patients with COVID-19 had the highest percentage of obesity. The clinical parameter results have been found serum C‐reactive protein (CRP) as an essential indicator that changes significantly in infection with COVID‐19 and inflammation. The concentration of CRP is higher levels for positive COVID‐19 patients (male and female) with mild symptoms of COVID-19 than those with negative COVID‐19 infection, and CRP levels were found to be higher in male than female patients. The results of D-dimer levels determined a nonsignificant difference in D-dimer levels in COVID-19 patients and non-COVID-19 patients than the normal concentration (N: Less than 500mg/dl.). The results of hemoglobin blood levels demonstrated significant variations between COVID-19 patients and non-COVID-19 patients and a decrease in Hb concentration compared to normal concentration (N: 11-16 g/dl.); thus, a link between anemia and inflammation. The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels increased in positive COVID-19 patients male were (178.79 ± 56.08) mg/dl, and positive COVID-19 patients female were (141.57 ± 46.90) mg/dl than normal (N: Less than100mg/dl.), and significant variation was observed between positive and negative COVID-19 patients. Keywords: COVID-19; C‐reactive protein; hemoglobin; lactate dehydrogenase.","PeriodicalId":52287,"journal":{"name":"Revista Bionatura","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136184163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Revista BionaturaPub Date : 2023-10-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.04.92
Noor Chasib Habeeb Al-Fatlawy, Sienaa AL- Zurf
{"title":"Effectiveness of three Commercially Nanoparticles against Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) under the Lab. conditions","authors":"Noor Chasib Habeeb Al-Fatlawy, Sienaa AL- Zurf","doi":"10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.04.92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.04.92","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, Nanotechnology has become the most promising new insect control method. In this study, laboratory experiments were applied to assess the efficacy of three commercial, Aluminium oxide (ANPs), Zinc oxide (ZNPs) and Nanoparticles Silicon oxide (SNPs) on second fifth-instar larvae and adults of Tribolium castaneum (Herb.) as well as the effect of Nanoparticles Silicon oxide (SNPs) on the fecundity of T. castaneum adult females. Beetles were fed on a diet of flour treated with nanoparticles SNPs, ANPs, and ZNPs at different concentrations (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) for each Nanocomposite. The results showed that SNPs and ANPs were significantly more effective than ZNPs at all tested concentrations after 15 days post-treatment. The results also confirmed that Nanoparticle SNPs have significant effects on the number of eggs lying, where the mean number of eggs produced by female adults exposed to dose-respond treated with Nanoparticle at the rate of 50 mg/kg was 0.0, compared with 98.1/ eggs in the control treatment. However, susceptibility showed significant differences in the mortality rate at the end of the experiments between second and fifth-instar larvae and adults treated by all three Nanocomposites. Second and fifth-instar larvae were most susceptible, while adults were least susceptible to nanoparticles. All Nanoparticles SNPs, ANPs, and ZNPs were significant and more effective on insect life at a higher concentration of 200 mg/kg, where the mortality proportion was 100%, 92.5% for 2nd , fifth instar larvae, respectively, and 77.5% for an adult after 15 days post-treatment. Moreover, the result showed that all nanoparticle SNPs, ANPs, and ZNPs can be applied as an alternative tool in the pest management programs of T. castaneum. Keywords: Tribolium castaneum, Nanozinc, Nanoaluminium, nano-silica, storage pest","PeriodicalId":52287,"journal":{"name":"Revista Bionatura","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136184331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Revista BionaturaPub Date : 2023-10-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.03.90
Ali Sadeg, Abbas Arrak
{"title":"The effect of vitamin D deficiency on the cellular immunity of patients in the early stage of COVID-19 disease","authors":"Ali Sadeg, Abbas Arrak","doi":"10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.03.90","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.03.90","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 is a disease with a wide range of symptoms and severity due to the ability of SARS-COV-2 to infect many kinds of tissues and organs in the patient's body. The disease begins commonly with symptoms of respiratory tract infection that may be mild and limited or progress to severe infection with fatal consequences. Vitamins play essential roles in our biology, including supporting immunity. Vitamin D deficiency became a public problem, and its effect as an immunomodulator in many viral infections was approved. This study investigated the effect of vitamin D deficiency on cellular immunity, especially lymphocytes, in COVID-19 patients when the disease is in its early stages. Tests were done for the complete blood count lymphocyte proliferation assay in response to non-specific mitogen and immunoglobulin levels. The study revealed no significant effect of vitamin D deficiency on the T-lymphocyte activation at the early stage of the infection. Vitamin D deficient patients have lower immunoglobulin levels, necessitating vaccination against COVID-19 infection. Keywords: COVID-19, lymphocyte proliferation, mitotic index, vitamin D","PeriodicalId":52287,"journal":{"name":"Revista Bionatura","volume":"107 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135759800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}