Problemy Osobo Opasnykh Infektsii最新文献

{"title":"Advanced Approaches to Assessment of Risk of Infectious Disease Importation onto the Territory of the Russian Federation","authors":"A. Zubova, A. V. Ivanova, S. A. Shcherbakova, E. Kuklev, V. Toporkov, A. V. Boiko","doi":"10.21055/0370-1069-2023-2-120-126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21055/0370-1069-2023-2-120-126","url":null,"abstract":"The risk of importation of infectious diseases is an urgent threat to sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population, both at the level of individual countries and interstate associations, and globally. The territory of any country has a backdrop of hazards; therefore, the aim of the work was a comprehensive assessment of risk of infectious disease importation onto the territory of Russia for early and effective response to emerging biological threats. Materials and methods. We used information on the structure of passenger traffic and the number of persons arriving in Russia according to the portal of the Unified Interagency Information and Statistics System. The data on the incidence of infectious diseases which require measures on sanitary protection of the territory of Russia is provided according to the official regional websites of WHO, regional Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Ministries of Health of the respective countries. The risk of importation of infectious diseases was estimated in points in compliance with an original methodology developed with the participation of the authors. Results and discussion. We have determined the structure of the passenger traffic across the borders of Russia and the most relevant infectious diseases that pose a risk of importation, as well as the countries, from where the importation of infections is most likely to occur. It is outlined that importation of dengue fever and cholera from the Southeast Asian region, dengue from the Western Pacific region, cholera and malaria from the Eastern Mediterranean region, cholera, malaria and dengue from the American and African regions is most probable. ","PeriodicalId":52264,"journal":{"name":"Problemy Osobo Opasnykh Infektsii","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46599734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of Phage-Induced Mobile Genetic Elements in Strains of Vibrio cholerae O1 Biovar El Tor","authors":"S. P. Zadnova, N. A. Plekhanov, A. Y. Spirina, I. Shvidenko, V. N. Savel’ev","doi":"10.21055/0370-1069-2023-2-112-119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21055/0370-1069-2023-2-112-119","url":null,"abstract":"The acquisition of new mobile genetic elements contributes to the genetic diversity of Vibrio cholerae strains. An important role in this process belongs to the genetic material obtained from phages. The aim of this work was to identify phage-induced PLE islands in strains of V. cholerae O1 serogroup and to determine the resistance of isolates with and without those mobile genetic elements to the lytic activity of the diagnostic cholera El Tor bacteriophage. Materials and methods. Whole genomes nucleotide sequences of toxigenic and non-toxigenic V. cholerae O1 strains presented in the NCBI GenBank were used for the work. Bioinformatic analysis was performed using the BLAST algorithm, MEGA X (or BioEdit v. 7.0.9.0). The test with phages was carried out according A. Gratia technique. Results and discussion. The analysis of 39 toxigenic strains imported to the territory of the Russian Federation and neighboring countries has revealed one strain of V. cholerae O1 of the classical biovar containing the PLE5 island, and 13 strains of V. cholerae O1 of the El Tor biovar containing the PLE4 island. PLE islands have not been found in non-toxigenic strains. It is shown that strains with PLE4 belong to V. cholerae O1 genovariants of the El Tor biovar and have the ctxB1 gene allele. Isolates with this mobile element caused sporadic cases of the disease in 1994–1999, as well as cholera outbreaks in the Russian Federation (in 1993–1994, in 1998 – Dagestan, and 1993 – Tatarstan) and Ukraine (1994–1995). It has been suggested that, perhaps, the presence of the PLE4 island makes a certain contribution to the resistance of V. cholerae O1 strains of the El Tor biovar to the diagnostic cholera El Tor phage (55.6 % of phage-resistant isolates were detected), but there are other mechanisms that have not yet been identified. Thus, the data on the presence of new mobile genetic elements in the genome of earlier imported toxigenic strains of V. cholerae O1, biovar El Tor have been obtained, which expands information about their genetic organization.","PeriodicalId":52264,"journal":{"name":"Problemy Osobo Opasnykh Infektsii","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44828027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Yersinia pestis on the Soil Nematodes Panagrolaimus sp. from the Gorno-Altai High-Mountain Focus of Plague","authors":"M. A. Makashova, E. G. Oglodin, N. Sharapova, A. Samoilov, G. A. Eroshenko, V. Kutyrev","doi":"10.21055/0370-1069-2023-2-127-133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21055/0370-1069-2023-2-127-133","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the work was to study interaction of Yersinia pestis with soil nematodes isolated on the territory of the Gorno-Altai high-mountain plague focus. Materials and methods. We used the fluorescent Y. pestis strain KM2083, a derivative of the natural strain of the 4.ANT phylogenetic line, the antique biovar of the main subspecies, and a nematode culture isolated in the same area of the Gorno-Altai plague focus. The taxonomy of nematodes was determined by the region of the 18S rRNA gene; phylogenetic analysis was performed using the Maximum Likelihood method based on the Tamura-Nei model in the Mega 7.0 software. The interaction of the Y. pestis KM2083 strain and the nematodes was studied during cultivation on a solid NGM agar medium. Nematodes were observed using microscopes Stemi-2000C (Carl Zeiss, Germany) and Axio Imager Z2 (Carl Zeiss, Germany). Results and discussion. It has been established that the nematodes from the Gorno-Altai high-mountain plague focus used in the work belong to the genus Panagrolaimus. Cultivation of nematodes on the lawn of the Y. pestis strain of the main subspecies of antique biovar, the 4.ANT phylogenetic line for 24 hours did not lead to a reduction in the lifespan of nematodes compared to the control sample, which indicates the absence of toxicity of the used strain towards Panagrolaimus nematodes. On the cuticle of nematodes, the formation of a biofilm in the genital area and tail has been noted, and accumulations of fluorescent cells of the plague pathogen observed in the digestive tract. The data obtained can indicate the ability of nematodes to carry the plague pathogen in the soil biocoenosis.","PeriodicalId":52264,"journal":{"name":"Problemy Osobo Opasnykh Infektsii","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45266611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cholera and the Death of the Ancient Indus Civilization","authors":"V. Sergiev, V. Kutyrev","doi":"10.21055/0370-1069-2023-2-95-100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21055/0370-1069-2023-2-95-100","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents a hypothesis that the most probable cause of death of the ancient world Indus (Harappa) civilization was the epidemic of Asiatic cholera. A brief description of the Indus civilization that existed for two millennia (3300–1300 BC) is given. It is shown that the previously described factors for the decline of the thriving Indus civilization (climate change, shallowing of the Indus river and reduction in floods, catastrophic floods, drought, economic crisis, etc.) do not provide a consistent and comprehensive explanation of the causes of its death. Meanwhile, the natural environment and peculiarities of agriculture of the Indus civilization (annual floods affecting not only fields, but also sewage systems) created ideal conditions for the spread of water-borne cholera. The evolution of the Asiatic cholera agent is discussed. The results of paleogenomics study of this pathogen and their significance for the reconstruction of evolutionary events are briefly reviewed. The stages of evolution of Vibrio cholerae of the classical biovar are described, and possible mechanisms for the preservation of the pathogen during inter-epidemic period are considered. It is demonstrated that aside from cholera, other catastrophic, destructive epidemics are recorded in the history of mankind.","PeriodicalId":52264,"journal":{"name":"Problemy Osobo Opasnykh Infektsii","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48517689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Brucellosis Incidence and Molecular-Genetic Characteristics of Brucella Population in the Territory of the Russian Federation","authors":"D. G. Ponomarenko, A. Khachaturova, D. Kovalev, O. N. Skudareva, D. E. Lukashevich, I. V. Zharinova, A. Daurova, A. N. Germanova, O. Logvinenko, E. Rakitina, M. Kostyuchenko, I. Kuznetsova, N. Shapakov, O. Bobrysheva, S. Pisarenko, E. Manin, O. Maletskaya, A. Kulichenko","doi":"10.21055/0370-1069-2023-2-61-74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21055/0370-1069-2023-2-61-74","url":null,"abstract":"An analysis of brucellosis incidence in Russia in 2013–2022 and the data on genetic diversity of Brucella melitensis and Brucella abortus populations isolated in Russia in 1939–2022 are provided in the review. Over the past decade, the epidemiological situation in Russia has been characterized as unstable against the background of persistent unfavorable conditions for brucellosis in cattle and small ruminants. During the period of 2013–2022 (9 months), 4298 epizootic foci as regards brucellosis in cattle (89164 sick animals) and 371 as regards brucellosis in small ruminants (13569) were registered. The largest number of epizootic brucellosis foci was recorded in the North-Caucasian and Southern Federal Districts. In 2013–2022, on average, 327 cases of brucellosis among people were registered annually, the incidence rate per 100 000 of the population was 0.24. Up to 70–90 % of brucellosis cases were detected in the south of the European part of the country. A trend towards deterioration of the situation on brucellosis in Volga (Penza and Samara Regions) and Central (Smolensk, Voronezh and Tula Regions) Federal Districts is observed. There is a connection between the intensity of epidemic manifestations of brucellosis and the level of anthropurgic enzooty of territories. In 2022, 467 cases of brucellosis were reported (0.32 per 100 000 of the population), which is 42.8 % higher than annual average values over 10 years. In 2023, a measure of stability of incidence rates, by 20–25 % above average long-term values, is to be expected. Incidence of brucellosis in humans will be within the range of 380–410 cases (0.26–0.28 per 100 000 of the population). The results of genotyping of B. melitensis strains point to an increase in the proportion of isolates with an MLVA-profile characteristic of strains from enzootic as regards brucellosis countries of Middle East and North Africa over past 20–25 years, which can indicate importation (introduction) of the infection from these territories to Russia through small ruminants and/or biomaterial from them.","PeriodicalId":52264,"journal":{"name":"Problemy Osobo Opasnykh Infektsii","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48620078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of the Epidemiological Situation on Ixodic Tick-Borne Borrelioses in the Russian Federation in 2013–2022 and Forecast for 2023","authors":"S. Rudakova, O. E. Teslova, N. E. Mutalinova, N. Pen’evskaya, A. I. Blokh, N. Rudakov, D. A. Savel’ev, Yu. F. Kuz’menko, D. V. Trankvilevsky","doi":"10.21055/0370-1069-2023-2-75-87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21055/0370-1069-2023-2-75-87","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the review was to characterize the epidemiological situation on ixodic tick-borne borreliosis (ITBB) in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in 2022, to forecast the development of the ITBB epidemic process in 2023 based on the analysis of its trends in the period of 2013–2022. In total, 7 264 cases of ITBB were registered in the Russian Federation in 2022, which is 1.9 times higher than the 2021-value. In all regions in 2022, after a sharp decrease in the level of registered morbidity during the “covid” phase of 2020–2021, there was an incidence raise to the pre-pandemic level. During 2013–2022, distinctive features of the trends in the development of the ITBB epidemic process in the territories of varying degree of epidemic hazard were retained. A downward tendency in the incidence rates was revealed in 14 out of 18 entities with a long-term average annual incidence (LTAA) of ITBB above 6.2 0 /0000, with the exception of Moscow and the Kaluga Region, where a further increase in the incidence of ITBB is possible. In 6 out of 16 regions with LTAA 2013–2022 between 3.31 and 6.2 0 /0000, an upward trend was observed, and in 8 – a decrease in morbidity. The trend towards an increase in morbidity was detected in 7 out of 21 entities with LTAA of ITBB from 1.21 to 3.3 0 /0000 and in 15 out of 26 regions with a low LTAA 2013–2022 (below 1.2 0 /0000). The analysis of trends in the development of the ITBB epidemic process against the trends in changes in the frequency of contacts of the population with ticks, as well as calculations of the probable incidence rate allowed us to conclude that the incidence rate of ITBB in 2023 will range within the confidence intervals of long-term average annual values for the majority of the federal districts, with the exception of the Central Federal District, where an increase in the number of cases of ixodic tick-borne borreliosis is likely to occur, provided that the existing volumes of preventive measures are maintained and abnormal climatic phenomena absent. Effective control of the epidemic situation on the ITBB is attainable through preservation, and for such areas as Moscow, the Moscow Region, Voronezh, Kaluga, Orel, Ryazan, Penza and Rostov Regions, the Republic of Buryatia – increase in the volume of preventive measures, strengthening zoological and entomological monitoring of activity and structure of natural foci. There is an obvious need to develop algorithms for molecular-genetic monitoring of pathogens circulating in natural foci, and to focus attention onto the problems of diagnosis and prophylaxis of tick-borne transmissible infections.","PeriodicalId":52264,"journal":{"name":"Problemy Osobo Opasnykh Infektsii","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43457099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the Situation on Anthrax in the World in 2022, the Forecast for the Russian Federation for 2023","authors":"A. Ryazanova, O. N. Skudareva, D. Gerasimenko, F. V. Logvin, L. Aksenova, O. Semenova, E. I. Eremenko, T. Golovinskaya, G. Pechkovsky, A. Kulichenko","doi":"10.21055/0370-1069-2023-2-88-94","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21055/0370-1069-2023-2-88-94","url":null,"abstract":"The paper provides the results of analysis of the epizootiological and epidemiological situation on anthrax in the world in 2022, also, the forecast of incidence rates for the Russian Federation in 2023 is presented. In 2022, two cases of anthrax in farm animals and two cases of cutaneous form of infection in humans were registered in Russia, in the constituent entities of the North Caucasian Federal District: the Republic of Dagestan and the Stavropol Territory. The tense situation on anthrax was reported in the neighboring countries: Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and Ukraine. Epizootics of infection with the highest number of affected farm and wild animals were recorded in the countries of Africa, Asia, North America and Europe. The incidence of anthrax among people in the far abroad (mainly in Africa and Asia) was mostly associated with consuming the meat of sick and fallen farm animals, contact with infected animals, animal products. The incidence of anthrax in animals and humans in the Russian Federation in 2023 will largely depend on the scale of coverage with specific immunization of susceptible animals and persons at risk of infection and, given the strict implementation of comprehensive surveillance measures, will be limited to the registration of potentially possible single cases of infection.","PeriodicalId":52264,"journal":{"name":"Problemy Osobo Opasnykh Infektsii","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48082883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of Epidemiological Situation on Rickettsioses in the Russian Federation in 2022 as Compared with 2013–2021, Forecast for 2023","authors":"N. Pen’evskaya, N. Rudakov, S. Shpynov, A. I. Blokh, D. V. Trankvilevsky, D. A. Savel’ev, S. Shtrek, A. V. Sannikov","doi":"10.21055/0370-1069-2023-2-35-48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21055/0370-1069-2023-2-35-48","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the review was to characterize the epidemiological situation on tick-borne rickettsioses (TR) in the Russian Federation in 2022 in comparison with the pandemic years of 2020–2021 and the pre-pandemic period of 2013–2019, to give the forecast for 2023. During 2013–2022, a pattern was observed in the incidence of rickettsiosis of the tick-borne spotted fever group (with the exception of Astrakhan spotted fever – ASF), that is also characteristic of most other natural focal infections (NFIs): a sharp decrease in registered incidence rates in 2020–2021 with the subsequent increase in 2022 almost up to pre-pandemic levels or even exceedance in some regions. The absence of a defining influence of the frequency of contacts of the population with vectors on the decrease in the incidence in the period of 2020–2021 and the rise in the value in 2022 confirms the registration-related nature of the changes. Given due attention to the problem of effective detection and reporting of NFIs, we expect the incidence of tick-borne rickettsioses to remain within the confidence intervals of long-term average values in most endemic regions in 2023. Relaxed vigilance to the problem of NFIs may lead to a decline in the reported incidence of Siberian tick-borne typhus in the Krasnoyarsk and Zabaikalsky Territories, Republics of Tuva and Khakassia, Novosibirsk and Amur Regions; reduction in the incidence of ASF in Astrakhan Region. The main issue in detecting and registration of the tick-borne rickettsiosis incidence, objective assessment and forecasting of the epidemic situation as regards this group of infections is conditioned by the lack of domestic certified diagnostic test kits for laboratory verification of rickettsioses. Close cooperation between epidemiologists and clinicians is required to establish and register cases of TR based on clinical and epidemiological data.","PeriodicalId":52264,"journal":{"name":"Problemy Osobo Opasnykh Infektsii","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46461949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Vesicles in Transporting of Cholera Toxin","authors":"V. P. Zyuzina, O. A. Yakusheva, L. Alekseeva, V. V. Evdokimova, D. I. Simakova","doi":"10.21055/0370-1069-2023-2-29-34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21055/0370-1069-2023-2-29-34","url":null,"abstract":"The review reports on the secretion pathways of the main virulence factor of Vibrio cholerae, cholera toxin, both through the two-stage Sec-dependent type 2 secretion system and with the help of vesicles of the outer membrane of V. cholerae. The ways of toxin transfer into the host organism, depending on its form, are discussed. The well-studied free soluble cholera toxin is secreted extracellularly and transmitted in a GM1-dependent manner through cholesterolrich lipid rafts. The transfer of cholera toxin associated with vesicles has advantages over free toxin, because substances inside the outer membrane vesicles are protected from external proteases and host antibodies by the membrane that forms the vesicle. Vesicular transporting of cholera toxin into the target cell occurs via clathrin-dependent, caveolin-dependent and lipid raft-dependent endocytosis. The specific transport route is determined by the structure of the vesicles. Clathrindependent endocytosis is described for V. cholerae strains cultivated at low osmolarity of the medium, whose outer membrane vesicles contain the cholera toxin subunit A inside. Lipid raft-dependent endocytosis is characteristic of vesicles in which cholera toxin is located on the surface. In addition, endocytosis of V. cholerae outer membrane vesicles through structures known as caveolae is presented.","PeriodicalId":52264,"journal":{"name":"Problemy Osobo Opasnykh Infektsii","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42050701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epizootiological and Epidemiological Characteristics of Rabies in Russia in 2019–2021","authors":"E. M. Poleshchuk, G. N. Sidorov, E. S. Savkina","doi":"10.21055/0370-1069-2023-2-49-60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21055/0370-1069-2023-2-49-60","url":null,"abstract":"The review presents an analysis of the epizootic and epidemic situations on rabies in the Russian Federation in 2019–2021. During that period, there was a decrease in the activity of the epizootic process to the level of the 1990s characterized by overhunting of the fox, raccoon dog and corsac. The number of identified potentially hazardous areas declined by 20 %, and the number of sick animals registered in them decreased from 18 to 10. Since 2018, the share of domestic animals has prevailed over wild animals in the structure of animal incidence, and in 2021, the proportion of detected cases of rabies in wild animals was the smallest (37.9 %) over 11 years of observation (2011–2021). The leading role in maintaining the circulation of the rabies pathogen belonged to the fox, which accounted for 34.8–29.9 % of all animal cases in 2019–2021. The raccoon dog actively contributed to the circulation of the virus in the European part of Russia. Since 2012, a downward trend in the incidence of rabies among the population has been established (Tdw. = –9.5 %), the average long-term indicator was 5 cases per year. Dogs and cats that got involved into epizootic process predominated among the sources of hydrophobia – approximately 50 % of the cases. Poor compliance with the rules for keeping pets has led to an increase in human infection with rabies due to the animals in 2020–2021. In 2019–2021, the participation of bats in infecting humans with lyssavirus was established, which draws the attention to the need to study the role of bats in the circulation of lyssaviruses, primarily in the Far East. The risk of rabies infection persisted in almost all regions of the country. In the 21st century, natural foci of infection are ubiquitous in Russia. ","PeriodicalId":52264,"journal":{"name":"Problemy Osobo Opasnykh Infektsii","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67742479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}