2019-2021年俄罗斯狂犬病流行病学特征分析

Q3 Medicine
E. M. Poleshchuk, G. N. Sidorov, E. S. Savkina
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引用次数: 0

摘要

该审查报告分析了2019-2021年俄罗斯联邦狂犬病的动物流行病和流行情况。在此期间,兽疫过程的活动减少到20世纪90年代的水平,其特征是狐狸、浣熊和科萨克被过度捕杀。已确定的潜在危险区域数量减少了20%,其中登记的患病动物数量从18只减少到10只。自2018年以来,在动物发病结构中,家畜所占比例一直高于野生动物,2021年是11年(2011-2021年)观察期间野生动物狂犬病检出病例所占比例最小的一年(37.9%)。保持狂犬病病原体传播的主要动物是狐狸,占2019-2021年所有动物病例的34.8% - 29.9%。这只浣熊狗对病毒在俄罗斯欧洲部分的传播起到了积极的作用。自2012年以来,人群中狂犬病发病率呈下降趋势(Tdw)。= - 9.5%),长期指标平均为5例/年。参与动物流行病过程的狗和猫在恐水症的来源中占主导地位-大约占50%的病例。由于不遵守饲养宠物的规定,导致2020-2021年人类因动物感染狂犬病的人数增加。2019-2021年,确定蝙蝠参与了使人感染溶血病毒的活动,这引起人们注意有必要研究蝙蝠在溶血病毒传播中的作用,主要是在远东地区。狂犬病感染的风险在该国几乎所有地区都持续存在。在21世纪,自然疫源地在俄罗斯无处不在。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Epizootiological and Epidemiological Characteristics of Rabies in Russia in 2019–2021
The review presents an analysis of the epizootic and epidemic situations on rabies in the Russian Federation in 2019–2021. During that period, there was a decrease in the activity of the epizootic process to the level of the 1990s characterized by overhunting of the fox, raccoon dog and corsac. The number of identified potentially hazardous areas declined by 20 %, and the number of sick animals registered in them decreased from 18 to 10. Since 2018, the share of domestic animals has prevailed over wild animals in the structure of animal incidence, and in 2021, the proportion of detected cases of rabies in wild animals was the smallest (37.9 %) over 11 years of observation (2011–2021). The leading role in maintaining the circulation of the rabies pathogen belonged to the fox, which accounted for 34.8–29.9 % of all animal cases in 2019–2021. The raccoon dog actively contributed to the circulation of the virus in the European part of Russia. Since 2012, a downward trend in the incidence of rabies among the population has been established (Tdw. = –9.5 %), the average long-term indicator was 5 cases per year. Dogs and cats that got involved into epizootic process predominated among the sources of hydrophobia – approximately 50 % of the cases. Poor compliance with the rules for keeping pets has led to an increase in human infection with rabies due to the animals in 2020–2021. In 2019–2021, the participation of bats in infecting humans with lyssavirus was established, which draws the attention to the need to study the role of bats in the circulation of lyssaviruses, primarily in the Far East. The risk of rabies infection persisted in almost all regions of the country. In the 21st century, natural foci of infection are ubiquitous in Russia. 
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来源期刊
Problemy Osobo Opasnykh Infektsii
Problemy Osobo Opasnykh Infektsii Medicine-Infectious Diseases
CiteScore
1.90
自引率
0.00%
发文量
79
审稿时长
12 weeks
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