Neuroscience of Consciousness最新文献_第7页

Challenging the fixed-criterion model of perceptual decision-making. 挑战知觉决策的固定准则模型。

IF 4.1

Neuroscience of Consciousness Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/nc/niad010

Jennifer Laura Lee, Rachel Denison, Wei Ji Ma

{"title":"Challenging the fixed-criterion model of perceptual decision-making.","authors":"Jennifer Laura Lee, Rachel Denison, Wei Ji Ma","doi":"10.1093/nc/niad010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nc/niad010","url":null,"abstract":"Perceptual decision-making is often conceptualized as the process of comparing an internal decision variable to a categorical boundary or criterion. How the mind sets such a criterion has been studied from at least two perspectives. One idea is that the criterion is a fixed quantity. In work on subjective phenomenology, the notion of a fixed criterion has been proposed to explain a phenomenon called \"subjective inflation\"-a form of metacognitive mismatch in which observers overestimate the quality of their sensory representation in the periphery or at unattended locations. A contrasting view emerging from studies of perceptual decision-making is that the criterion adjusts to the level sensory uncertainty and is thus sensitive to variations in attention. Here, we mathematically demonstrate that previous empirical findings supporting subjective inflation are consistent with either a fixed or a flexible decision criterion. We further lay out specific task properties that are necessary to make inferences about the flexibility of the criterion: (i) a clear mapping from decision variable space to stimulus feature space and (ii) an incentive for observers to adjust their decision criterion as uncertainty changes. Recent work satisfying these requirements has demonstrated that decision criteria flexibly adjust according to uncertainty. We conclude that the fixed-criterion model of subjective inflation is poorly tenable.","PeriodicalId":52242,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience of Consciousness","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10118309/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9443291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Nonlinear brain correlates of trait self-boundarylessness. 自我边界无特征的非线性脑相关性。

IF 4.1

Neuroscience of Consciousness Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/nc/niad006

Lena Lindström, Philippe Goldin, Johan Mårtensson, Etzel Cardeña

{"title":"Nonlinear brain correlates of trait self-boundarylessness.","authors":"Lena Lindström, Philippe Goldin, Johan Mårtensson, Etzel Cardeña","doi":"10.1093/nc/niad006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nc/niad006","url":null,"abstract":"Alterations of the sense of self induced by meditation include an increased sense of boundarylessness. In this study, we investigated behavioural and functional magnetic resonance imaging correlates of trait self-boundarylessness during resting state and the performance of two experimental tasks. We found that boundarylessness correlated with greater self-endorsement of words related to fluidity and with longer response times in a math task. Boundarylessness also correlated negatively with brain activity in the posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus during mind-wandering compared to a task targeting a minimal sense of self. Interestingly, boundarylessness showed quadratic relations to several measures. Participants reporting low or high boundarylessness, as compared to those in between, showed higher functional connectivity within the default mode network during rest, less brain activity in the medial prefrontal cortex during self-referential word processing, and less self-endorsement of words related to constancy. We relate these results to our previous findings of a quadratic relation between boundarylessness and the sense of perspectival ownership of experience. Additionally, an instruction to direct attention to the centre of experience elicited brain activation similar to that of meditation onset, including increases in anterior precentral gyrus and anterior insula and decreases in default mode network areas, for both non-meditators and experienced meditators.","PeriodicalId":52242,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience of Consciousness","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/8d/55/niad006.PMC10129386.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9364294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Feeling ready: neural bases of prospective motor readiness judgements. 感觉准备:前瞻性运动准备判断的神经基础。

IF 4.1

Neuroscience of Consciousness Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/nc/niad003

Elisabeth Parés-Pujolràs, Karla Matić, Patrick Haggard

引用次数: 2

Toward the unknown: consciousness and pain. 走向未知:意识和痛苦。

IF 4.1

Neuroscience of Consciousness Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/nc/niad002

Richard Ambron

{"title":"Toward the unknown: consciousness and pain.","authors":"Richard Ambron","doi":"10.1093/nc/niad002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nc/niad002","url":null,"abstract":"Studies of consciousness are hindered by the complexity of the brain, but it is possible to study the consciousness of a sensation, namely pain. Three systems are necessary to experience pain: the somatosensory system conveys information about an injury to the thalamus where an awareness of the injury but not the painfulness emerges. The thalamus distributes the information to the affective system, which modulates the intensity of the pain, and to the cognitive system that imparts attention to the pain. Imaging of patients in pain and those experiencing placebo and hypnosis-induced analgesia shows that two essential cortical circuits for pain and attention are located within the anterior cingulate cortex. The circuits are activated when a high-frequency input results in the development of a long-term potentiation (LTP) at synapses on the apical dendrites of pyramidal neurons. The LTP acts via α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, and an anterior cingulate cortex-specific type-1 adenylate cyclase is necessary for both the LTP and the pain. The apical dendrites form an extensive network such that the input from serious injuries results in the emergence of a local field potential. Using mouse models, I propose experiments designed to test the hypothesis that the local field potential is necessary and sufficient for the consciousness of pain.","PeriodicalId":52242,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience of Consciousness","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/9d/37/niad002.PMC9940454.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10754185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Investigating the shift between externally and internally oriented cognition: a novel task-switching paradigm. 研究外部导向认知和内部导向认知之间的转变:一种新的任务转换范式。

IF 4.1

Neuroscience of Consciousness Pub Date : 2022-11-19 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/nc/niac016

Sara Calzolari, Svetla Boneva, Davinia Fernández-Espejo

{"title":"Investigating the shift between externally and internally oriented cognition: a novel task-switching paradigm.","authors":"Sara Calzolari, Svetla Boneva, Davinia Fernández-Espejo","doi":"10.1093/nc/niac016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nc/niac016","url":null,"abstract":"Despite our constant need to flexibly balance internal and external information, research on cognitive flexibility has focused solely on shifts between externally oriented tasks. In contrast, switches across internally oriented processes (and self-referential cognition specifically) and between internal and external domains have never been investigated. Here, we report a novel task-switching paradigm developed to explore the behavioural signatures associated with cognitive flexibility when self-referential processes, as well as more traditional external processes, are involved. Two hundred healthy volunteers completed an online task. In each trial, participants performed one of four possible tasks on written words, as instructed by a pre-stimulus cue. These included two externally and two internally oriented tasks: assessing whether the third letter was a consonant or the penultimate letter was a vowel versus assessing whether the adjective applied to their personality or if it described a bodily sensation they were currently experiencing. In total, 40% of trials involved switches to another task, and these were equally distributed across within-external, within-internal, internal-to-external and external-to-internal switches. We found higher response times for switches compared to repetitions both in the external and internal domains, thus demonstrating the presence of switch costs in self-referential tasks for the first time. We also found higher response times for between-domain switches compared to switches within each domain. We propose that these effects originate from the goal-directed engagement of different domain-specific cognitive systems that flexibly communicate and share domain-general control features.","PeriodicalId":52242,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience of Consciousness","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9675616/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40506857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Confidence at the limits of human nested cognition. 人类嵌套认知极限下的信心。

IF 4.1

Neuroscience of Consciousness Pub Date : 2022-10-15 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/nc/niac014

Samuel Recht, Ljubica Jovanovic, Pascal Mamassian, Tarryn Balsdon

{"title":"Confidence at the limits of human nested cognition.","authors":"Samuel Recht, Ljubica Jovanovic, Pascal Mamassian, Tarryn Balsdon","doi":"10.1093/nc/niac014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nc/niac014","url":null,"abstract":"Metacognition is the ability to weigh the quality of our own cognition, such as the confidence that our perceptual decisions are correct. Here we ask whether metacognitive performance can itself be evaluated or else metacognition is the ultimate reflective human faculty. Building upon a classic visual perception task, we show that human observers are able to produce nested, above-chance judgements on the quality of their decisions at least up to the fourth order (i.e. meta-meta-meta-cognition). A computational model can account for this nested cognitive ability if evidence has a high-resolution representation, and if there are two kinds of noise, including recursive evidence degradation. The existence of fourth-order sensitivity suggests that the neural mechanisms responsible for second-order metacognition can be flexibly generalized to evaluate any cognitive process, including metacognitive evaluations themselves. We define the theoretical and practical limits of nested cognition and discuss how this approach paves the way for a better understanding of human self-regulation.","PeriodicalId":52242,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience of Consciousness","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/8f/f0/niac014.PMC9574785.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40576898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Does integrated information theory make testable predictions about the role of silent neurons in consciousness? 综合信息理论能否对沉默神经元在意识中的作用做出可检验的预测?

IF 4.1

Neuroscience of Consciousness Pub Date : 2022-10-15 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/nc/niac015

Gary Bartlett

{"title":"Does integrated information theory make testable predictions about the role of silent neurons in consciousness?","authors":"Gary Bartlett","doi":"10.1093/nc/niac015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nc/niac015","url":null,"abstract":"Tononi et al. claim that their integrated information theory of consciousness makes testable predictions. This article discusses two of the more startling predictions, which follow from the theory's claim that conscious experiences are generated by inactive as well as active neurons. The first prediction is that a subject's conscious experience at a time can be affected by the disabling of neurons that were already inactive at that time. The second is that even if a subject's entire brain is \"silent,\" meaning that all of its neurons are inactive (but not disabled), the subject can still have a conscious experience. A few authors have noted the implausibility of these predictions-which I call the disabling prediction and the silent brain prediction-but none have considered whether they are testable. In this article, I argue that they are not. In order to make this case, I first try to clarify the distinction between active, inactive (i.e. silent), and inactivated (i.e. disabled) neurons. With this clarification in place, I show that, even putting aside practical difficulties, it is impossible to set up a valid test of either the disabling prediction or the silent brain prediction. The conditions of the tests themselves are conditions under which a response from the subject could not reasonably be interpreted as evidence of consciousness or change in consciousness.","PeriodicalId":52242,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience of Consciousness","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/28/d3/niac015.PMC9574698.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40576899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Beyond the veil of duality-topographic reorganization model of meditation. 超越二元性的面纱地形重组冥想模式。

IF 4.1

Neuroscience of Consciousness Pub Date : 2022-10-11 DOI: 10.1093/nc/niac013

Austin Clinton Cooper, Bianca Ventura, Georg Northoff

{"title":"Beyond the veil of duality-topographic reorganization model of meditation.","authors":"Austin Clinton Cooper, Bianca Ventura, Georg Northoff","doi":"10.1093/nc/niac013","DOIUrl":"10.1093/nc/niac013","url":null,"abstract":"Meditation can exert a profound impact on our mental life, with proficient practitioners often reporting an experience free of boundaries between a separate self and the environment, suggesting an explicit experience of \"nondual awareness.\" What are the neural correlates of such experiences and how do they relate to the idea of nondual awareness itself? In order to unravel the effects that meditation has on the brain's spatial topography, we review functional magnetic resonance imaging brain findings from studies specific to an array of meditation types and meditator experience levels. We also review findings from studies that directly probe the interaction between meditation and the experience of the self. The main results are (i) decreased posterior default mode network (DMN) activity, (ii) increased central executive network (CEN) activity, (iii) decreased connectivity within posterior DMN as well as between posterior and anterior DMN, (iv) increased connectivity within the anterior DMN and CEN, and (v) significantly impacted connectivity between the DMN and CEN (likely a nonlinear phenomenon). Together, these suggest a profound organizational shift of the brain's spatial topography in advanced meditators-we therefore propose a topographic reorganization model of meditation (TRoM). One core component of the TRoM is that the topographic reorganization of DMN and CEN is related to a decrease in the mental-self-processing along with a synchronization with the more nondual layers of self-processing, notably interoceptive and exteroceptive-self-processing. This reorganization of the functionality of both brain and self-processing can result in the explicit experience of nondual awareness. In conclusion, this review provides insight into the profound neural effects of advanced meditation and proposes a result-driven unifying model (TRoM) aimed at identifying the inextricably tied objective (neural) and subjective (experiential) effects of meditation.","PeriodicalId":52242,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience of Consciousness","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9552929/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33510918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Neurophenomenal structuralism. A philosophical agenda for a structuralist neuroscience of consciousness. Neurophenomenal结构主义。结构主义意识神经科学的哲学议程。

IF 4.1

Neuroscience of Consciousness Pub Date : 2022-08-23 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/nc/niac012

Holger Lyre

{"title":"Neurophenomenal structuralism. A philosophical agenda for a structuralist neuroscience of consciousness.","authors":"Holger Lyre","doi":"10.1093/nc/niac012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nc/niac012","url":null,"abstract":"The program of \"neurophenomenal structuralism\" is presented as an agenda for a genuine structuralist neuroscience of consciousness that seeks to understand specific phenomenal experiences as strictly relational affairs. The paper covers a broad range of topics. It starts from considerations about neural change detection and relational coding that motivate a solution of the Newman problem of the brain in terms of spatiotemporal relations. Next, phenomenal quality spaces and their Q-structures are discussed. Neurophenomenal structuralism proclaims a homomorphic mapping of the structures of self-organized neural maps in the brain onto Q-structures, and it will be demonstrated how this leads to a new and special version of structural representationalism about phenomenal content. A methodological implication of neurophenomenal structuralism is that it proposes measurement procedures that focus on the relationships between different stimuli (as, for instance, similarity ratings or representational geometry methods). Finally, it will be shown that neurophenomenal structuralism also has strong philosophical implications, as it leads to holism about phenomenal experiences and serves to reject inverted qualia scenarios.","PeriodicalId":52242,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience of Consciousness","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2022-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ed/8d/niac012.PMC9396309.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40637241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

An academic survey on theoretical foundations, common assumptions and the current state of consciousness science. 关于意识科学的理论基础、普遍假设和现状的学术调查。

IF 4.1

Neuroscience of Consciousness Pub Date : 2022-08-12 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/nc/niac011

Jolien C Francken, Lola Beerendonk, Dylan Molenaar, Johannes J Fahrenfort, Julian D Kiverstein, Anil K Seth, Simon van Gaal

{"title":"An academic survey on theoretical foundations, common assumptions and the current state of consciousness science.","authors":"Jolien C Francken, Lola Beerendonk, Dylan Molenaar, Johannes J Fahrenfort, Julian D Kiverstein, Anil K Seth, Simon van Gaal","doi":"10.1093/nc/niac011","DOIUrl":"10.1093/nc/niac011","url":null,"abstract":"We report the results of an academic survey into the theoretical and methodological foundations, common assumptions, and the current state of the field of consciousness research. The survey consisted of 22 questions and was distributed on two different occasions of the annual meeting of the Association of the Scientific Study of Consciousness (2018 and 2019). We examined responses from 166 consciousness researchers with different backgrounds (e.g. philosophy, neuroscience, psychology, and computer science) and at various stages of their careers (e.g. junior/senior faculty and graduate/undergraduate students). The results reveal that there remains considerable discussion and debate between the surveyed researchers about the definition of consciousness and the way it should be studied. To highlight a few observations, a majority of respondents believe that machines could have consciousness, that consciousness is a gradual phenomenon in the animal kingdom, and that unconscious processing is extensive, encompassing both low-level and high-level cognitive functions. Further, we show which theories of consciousness are currently considered most promising by respondents and how supposedly different theories cluster together, which dependent measures are considered best to index the presence or absence of consciousness, and which neural measures are thought to be the most likely signatures of consciousness. These findings provide us with a snapshot of the current views of researchers in the field and may therefore help prioritize research and theoretical approaches to foster progress.","PeriodicalId":52242,"journal":{"name":"Neuroscience of Consciousness","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2022-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b8/5f/niac011.PMC9374479.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40633130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 18