{"title":"Editorial overview: Endocrinology of bone","authors":"Gerard Karsenty, Vijay K. Yada, Julian M. Berger","doi":"10.1016/j.coemr.2024.100520","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coemr.2024.100520","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52218,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Endocrine and Metabolic Research","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100520"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140270158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jackson C. Bittencourt , Heriberto Barbosa-Moyano , Ammir Y. Helou
{"title":"Primary cilia and melanin-concentrating hormone","authors":"Jackson C. Bittencourt , Heriberto Barbosa-Moyano , Ammir Y. Helou","doi":"10.1016/j.coemr.2024.100522","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coemr.2024.100522","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>There is a discrepancy between the distribution of melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH)-immunoreactive fibers and the mRNA expression of MCH receptors, particularly MCH<sub>1</sub>. Furthermore, the presence of MCH<sub>1</sub> in the primary cilia of adjacent areas with richness of MCH-ir fibers, adds complexity to the neurochemical signaling dynamics. This intricate interplay, facilitated by volume transmission (VT) and the strategic positioning of receptors on structures like primary cilia, presents a novel perspective on neuroendocrine communication. An in-depth exploration of MCH, primary cilia, MCH<sub>1</sub>, and VT interactions promises to uncover unprecedented insights that could enhance our understanding of their implications for health and disorders, like obesity. An exploration into the ciliary mechanisms of MCH action emerges as a promising venue for uncovering potential therapeutic targets.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52218,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Endocrine and Metabolic Research","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100522"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140767623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Metabolic small talk during exercise: The role of metabokines and lipokines in interorgan signalling","authors":"Shaimaa A. Gad , Hannah Smith , Lee D. Roberts","doi":"10.1016/j.coemr.2024.100525","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coemr.2024.100525","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Metabolites in exercise have traditionally been viewed as a fuel source, waste product, or anabolic components required for exercise-induced biosynthetic processes. However, it is now recognised that metabolites and lipids may act as mediators of interorgan crosstalk to coordinate the local and systemic physiological adaptations required to meet the complex system-wide challenge of exercise. These bioactive metabolite and lipid signals have been termed metabokines and lipokines, respectively. There is emerging evidence that metabokines and lipokines contribute to the health benefits of exercise. This review highlights several of the key recent discoveries related to metabokine and lipokine signalling during exercise. The discovery of these metabokines and lipokines, and their signalling targets, may provide the basis of future therapies for human disease.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52218,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Endocrine and Metabolic Research","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100525"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2451965024000231/pdfft?md5=238c91dfa8d3d15927c8756c92aa3f44&pid=1-s2.0-S2451965024000231-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140756257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Adrenergic system: A gateway of reciprocal signaling between host and bacteria","authors":"Arif Luqman , Knut Ohlsen","doi":"10.1016/j.coemr.2024.100523","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coemr.2024.100523","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The adrenergic system plays a central role in human physiology. However, it can also affect commensal bacteria via adrenergic hormones. Bacteria use adrenergic hormones as xenosiderophore for iron supply, modulators of biofilm formation, quorum-sensing autoinducers regulating virulence factors and pathogenicity, and for interaction with other commensals influencing the microbiome profiles. Bacteria also produce biogenic amines through aromatic amino acid decarboxylation which is widely expressed in human commensals. These biogenic amines are capable of interacting with adrenergic receptors, leading to a variety of different effects on the human body. Phenylacetyl acid is another compound produced by bacteria found in the gut that acts as a precursor of phenylacetylglutamine, a compound that has been linked to cardiac diseases due to its ability to induce thrombosis by activating adrenergic receptors present in platelets.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52218,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Endocrine and Metabolic Research","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100523"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140758622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Paracrine signaling by pancreatic islet cilia","authors":"Samantha E. Adamson, Jing W. Hughes","doi":"10.1016/j.coemr.2024.100505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coemr.2024.100505","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The primary cilium is a sensory and signaling organelle present on most pancreatic islet endocrine cells, where it receives and interprets a wide range of intra-islet chemical cues, including hormones, peptides, and neurotransmitters. The ciliary membrane possesses a molecular composition distinct from the plasma membrane, with enrichment of signaling mediators including G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), tyrosine kinase family receptors, membrane transporters, and others. When activated, these membrane proteins interact with ion channels and adenylyl cyclases to trigger local Ca<sup>2+</sup> and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) activity and transmit signals to the cell body. Here we review evidence supporting the emerging model in which primary cilia on pancreatic islet cells play a central role in the intra-islet communication network and discuss how changes in cilia-mediated paracrine function in islet cells might lead to diabetes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52218,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Endocrine and Metabolic Research","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100505"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2451965024000036/pdfft?md5=eb05daf0946c1b5ba980bf7896c8f8a4&pid=1-s2.0-S2451965024000036-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140067402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biagio Palmisano , Alessandro Corsi , Mara Riminucci
{"title":"Adiponectin expressing skeletal stem/progenitor cells in the bone and bone marrow homeostasis","authors":"Biagio Palmisano , Alessandro Corsi , Mara Riminucci","doi":"10.1016/j.coemr.2024.100524","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coemr.2024.100524","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The bone marrow stroma supports hematopoiesis while replenishing osteoblasts and adipocytes. These functions rely on different stromal cell populations identified by lineage tracing, phenotypic markers and single-cell transcriptomic analysis. A marrow stromal cell subset expressing <em>Adiponectin</em> (Adipoq<sup>+</sup>) has been reported by different studies in mice. However, while there is a general agreement on the kinetics of Adipoq<sup>+</sup> stromal cells during mouse growth, their ability to generate bone marrow adipocytes and to support the bone vasculature, contrasting results have been reported on their osteogenic activity.</p><p>In this work, we review available data on Adipoq<sup>+</sup> stromal cells, with special focus on the experimental evidence demonstrating their osteoprogenitor function and the potential reasons for the divergence observed among different studies. Furthermore, we discuss the potential overlap of Adipoq<sup>+</sup> cells with other cell populations in the context of the widely recognized adipogenic bias that characterizes many marrow stromal stem cell populations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52218,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Endocrine and Metabolic Research","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100524"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S245196502400022X/pdfft?md5=ab903d733ec060da6596c657520957f6&pid=1-s2.0-S245196502400022X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140791533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Primary cilia and gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons","authors":"Toneisha Stubbs, Kirk Mykytyn","doi":"10.1016/j.coemr.2024.100504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coemr.2024.100504","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Non-sensory neurons in the mammalian brain possess a primary cilium. Neuronal cilia act as antenna and receive inputs from the extracellular environment to modulate developmental pathways and neuronal activity. These functions require ciliary enrichment of specific proteins, such as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Although most neurons possess only one cilium, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons extend multiple primary cilia. GnRH neurons are central effectors of reproductive function and cilia on GnRH neurons are enriched for the kisspeptin receptor, a GPCR required for sexual maturation and reproductive function. Here, we provide a brief background on reproduction and primary cilia, discuss what is known about primary cilia on GnRH neurons, and present approaches for further elucidating the roles of cilia on GnRH neurons.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52218,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Endocrine and Metabolic Research","volume":"34 ","pages":"Article 100504"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2451965024000024/pdfft?md5=a0ae59178287b9a7231b6e0f9df1905a&pid=1-s2.0-S2451965024000024-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139942229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nathalia de Lima e Martins Lara, Anja Elsenhans, Rkia Dardari, Ina Dobrinski
{"title":"The role of primary cilia in the testis","authors":"Nathalia de Lima e Martins Lara, Anja Elsenhans, Rkia Dardari, Ina Dobrinski","doi":"10.1016/j.coemr.2024.100508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coemr.2024.100508","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A better understanding of the role primary cilia play in the testis is becoming increasingly important in the context of male reproductive health since defects in cilia have been associated with male infertility and reproductive disorders. Primary cilia are found on most somatic cell types within the testis, including Sertoli cells, peritubular myoid cells, and Leydig cells, especially during embryonic and neonatal stages. Primary cilia are involved in signaling pathways that are important for differentiation and function of testicular somatic cells, and cilia are also implicated in testicular morphogenesis. These observations indicate that testicular primary cilia play an integral role in regulating testis development and function.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52218,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Endocrine and Metabolic Research","volume":"34 ","pages":"Article 100508"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140024341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mark I. Hunter, Karen M. Thies, Wipawee Winuthayanon
{"title":"Hormonal regulation of cilia in the female reproductive tract","authors":"Mark I. Hunter, Karen M. Thies, Wipawee Winuthayanon","doi":"10.1016/j.coemr.2024.100503","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coemr.2024.100503","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This review intends to bridge the gap between our knowledge of steroid hormone regulation of motile cilia and the potential involvement of the primary cilium, focusing on female reproductive tract functions. The review emphasizes hormonal regulation of the motile and primary cilia in the oviduct and uterus. Steroid hormones, including estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone, act through their cognate receptors to regulate the development and biological function of the reproductive tracts. These hormones modulate motile ciliary beating and, in some cases, primary cilia function. Dysfunction of motile or primary cilia due to genetic anomalies, hormonal imbalances, or loss of steroid hormone receptors impairs mammalian fertility. However, further research on hormonal modulation of ciliary function, especially in the primary cilium, and its signaling cascades will provide insights into the pathogenesis of mammalian infertility and the development of contraceptives or infertility treatments targeting primary and/or motile cilia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52218,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Endocrine and Metabolic Research","volume":"34 ","pages":"Article 100503"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2451965024000012/pdfft?md5=efeb961ffbf8b9a3e158dc23c9815a9a&pid=1-s2.0-S2451965024000012-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139394954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}