Water Research X最新文献

{"title":"Making waves: Knowledge and data fusion in urban water modelling","authors":"Haoran Duan ,&nbsp;Jiuling Li ,&nbsp;Zhiguo Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.wroa.2024.100234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wroa.2024.100234","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Mathematical modeling plays a crucial role in understanding and managing urban water systems (UWS), with mechanistic models often serving as the foundation for their design and operations. Despite the wide adoptions, mechanistic models are challenged by the complexity of dynamic processes and high computational demands. Data-driven models bring opportunities to capture system complexities and reduce computational cost, by leveraging the abundant data made available by recent advance in sensor technologies. However, the interpretability and data availability hinder their wider adoption. This paper advocates for a paradigm shift in the application of data-driven models within the context of UWS. Integrating existing mechanistic knowledge into data-driven modeling offers a unique solution that reduces data requirements and enhances model interpretability. The knowledge-informed approach balances model complexity with dataset size, enabling more efficient and interpretable modeling in UWS. Furthermore, the integration of mechanistic and data-driven models offers a more accurate representation of UWS dynamics, addressing lingering uncertainties and advancing modelling capabilities. This paper presents perspectives and conceptual framework on developing and implementing knowledge-informed data-driven modeling, highlighting their potential to improve UWS management in the digital era.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52198,"journal":{"name":"Water Research X","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100234"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589914724000240/pdfft?md5=7547a82c02c770eb6c31d650de7b1969&pid=1-s2.0-S2589914724000240-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141592853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Making waves: Xanthates on the radar – Environmental risks and water quality impact","authors":"Daniel J. Duarte ,&nbsp;Renske P.J. Hoondert ,&nbsp;Elvio D. Amato ,&nbsp;Milou M.L. Dingemans ,&nbsp;Stefan A.E. Kools","doi":"10.1016/j.wroa.2024.100232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wroa.2024.100232","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Xanthates, derivatives of xanthic acid, are widely utilized across industries such as agrochemicals, rubber processing, pharmaceuticals, metallurgical, paper and mining to help separate metals from ore. Despite their prevalent use, many registered xanthates lack comprehensive information on potential risks to human health and the environment. The mining sector, a significant consumer of xanthates, drives demand. However, emissions into the environment remain poorly understood, especially concerning water quality. A recent EU parliamentary voting on water legislation highlights the urgency to address water pollution and the potential toxicity of xanthates. While limited data exist on xanthate presence in the environment, existing studies indicate their toxicity and contribution to environmental pollution, primarily due to carbon disulfide, a decomposition product. Concerns are mounting over the release of xanthates and carbon disulfide, particularly in mining areas near populated regions and river tributaries, raising questions about downstream impacts and public health risks. Proposed expansions of xanthate-reliant mining activities in Europe, heighten concerns about emissions and water quality impacts. Current databases lack xanthate-related monitoring data, hindering environmental and health risk assessments. Addressing this gap requires water sampling and chemical analysis and investigations into the use, occurrence, and potential impacts of xanthates from industrial activities on water bodies, including those used for drinking water production is imperative.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52198,"journal":{"name":"Water Research X","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100232"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589914724000227/pdfft?md5=96c18b61dc94d92e140dc654a4d20bb3&pid=1-s2.0-S2589914724000227-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141592844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of functional groups of polyfluoroalkyl substances on their removal by nanofiltration","authors":"Takahiro Fujioka ,&nbsp;Haruka Takeuchi ,&nbsp;Hironobu Tahara ,&nbsp;Hiroto Murakami ,&nbsp;Sandrine Boivin","doi":"10.1016/j.wroa.2024.100233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wroa.2024.100233","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Determining the reliability of nanofiltration (NF) membranes for the removal of contaminants of emerging concern, including polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), pharmaceuticals, and personal care products (PPCPs), is important for ensuring drinking water safety. This study aimed to clarify the factors that influence the removal of nine major PFASs during submerged NF treatment via extrapolation based on the factors that influence PPCP removal. The rejection of nine PFASs in ultra-filtered dam water by a polypiperazine-amide (NF270) membrane increased from 71 % to 94 % at a low permeate flux of 5 L/m² h as the PFAS molecular dimensions increased. PFASs with a carboxylic acid (-CO₂H) were rejected to a greater extent than PFASs with a sulfo group (-SO₃H). Further, negatively charged PFASs or PPCPs were rejected to a greater extent than uncharged and positively charged PPCPs. Our findings suggest that the rejection of PFASs can vary because of the (i) clearance distance between the PFASs’ molecular dimensions and NF membrane pore diameter and (ii) intensity of electrostatic repulsion between the PFASs’ functional groups and NF membrane surface. Our study indicates that submerged NF can achieve high PFAS rejection; however, variations in rejection among PFASs can become more prominent owing to a low permeate flux.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52198,"journal":{"name":"Water Research X","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100233"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589914724000239/pdfft?md5=71f281c41a8dd48fa2feac61650f96f8&pid=1-s2.0-S2589914724000239-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141592852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nitrite-dependent microbial utilization for simultaneous removal of sulfide and methane in sewers","authors":"Zhiqiang Zuo ,&nbsp;Yaxin Xing ,&nbsp;Xi Lu ,&nbsp;Tao Liu ,&nbsp;Min Zheng ,&nbsp;Miao Guo ,&nbsp;Yanchen Liu ,&nbsp;Xia Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.wroa.2024.100231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wroa.2024.100231","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Chemicals are commonly dosed in sewer systems to reduce the emission of hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) and methane (CH₄), incurring high costs and environmental concerns. Nitrite dosing is a promising approach as nitrite can be produced from urine wastewater, which is a feasible integrated water management strategy. However, nitrite dosing usually requires strict conditions, e.g., relatively high nitrite concentration (e.g., ∼200 mg N/L) and acidic environment, to inhibit microorganisms. In contrast to “microbial inhibition”, this study proposes “microbial utilization” concept, i.e., utilizing nitrite as a substrate for H₂S and CH₄ consumption in sewer. In a laboratory-scale sewer reactor, nitrite at a relatively low concentrations of 25–48 mg N/L was continuously dosed. Two nitrite-dependent microbial utilization processes, i.e., nitrite-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation (n-DAMO) and microbial sulfide oxidation, successfully occurred in conjunction with nitrite reduction. The occurrence of both processes achieved a 58 % reduction in dissolved methane and over 90 % sulfide removal in the sewer reactor, with microbial activities measured as 15.6 mg CH₄/(L·h) and 29.4 mg S/(L·h), respectively. High copy numbers of n-DAMO bacteria and sulfide-oxidizing bacteria (SOB) were detected in both sewer biofilms and sediments. Mechanism analysis confirmed that the dosed nitrite at a relatively low level did not cause the inhibition of sulfidogenic process due to the downward migration of activity zones in sewer sediments. Therefore, the proposed “microbial utilization” concept offers a new alternative for simultaneous removal of sulfide and methane in sewers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52198,"journal":{"name":"Water Research X","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100231"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589914724000215/pdfft?md5=501c1baaa975fd01ab4f95af98e74218&pid=1-s2.0-S2589914724000215-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141592849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wastewater tiling amplicon sequencing in sentinel sites reveals longitudinal dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 variants prevalence","authors":"Yu Wang ,&nbsp;Gaofeng Ni ,&nbsp;Wei Tian ,&nbsp;Haofei Wang ,&nbsp;Jiaying Li ,&nbsp;Phong Thai ,&nbsp;Phil M. Choi ,&nbsp;Greg Jackson ,&nbsp;Shihu Hu ,&nbsp;Bicheng Yang ,&nbsp;Jianhua Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.wroa.2024.100224","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wroa.2024.100224","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The ongoing evolution of SARS-CoV-2 is a significant concern, especially with the decrease in clinical sequencing efforts, which impedes the ability of public health sectors to prepare for the emergence of new variants and potential COVID-19 outbreaks. Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has been proposed as a surveillance program to detect and monitor the SARS-CoV-2 variants being transmitted in communities. However, research is limited in evaluating the effectiveness of wastewater collection at sentinel sites for monitoring disease prevalence and variant dynamics, especially in terms of inferring the epidemic patterns on a broader scale, such as at the state/province level. This study utilized a multiplexed tiling amplicon-based sequencing (ATOPlex) to track the longitudinal dynamics of variant of concern (VOC) in wastewater collected from municipalities in Queensland, Australia, spanning from 2020 to 2022. We demonstrated that wastewater epidemiology measured by ATOPlex exhibited a strong and consistent correlation with the number of daily confirmed cases. The VOC dynamics observed in wastewater closely aligned with the dynamic profile reported by clinical sequencing. Wastewater sequencing has the potential to provide early warning information for emerging variants. These findings suggest that WBE at sentinel sites, coupled with sensitive sequencing methods, provides a reliable and long-term disease surveillance strategy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52198,"journal":{"name":"Water Research X","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100224"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589914724000148/pdfft?md5=86077133f51aff3299a64bfbe8fae06c&pid=1-s2.0-S2589914724000148-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140764988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating machine learning algorithm with sewer process model to realize swift prediction and real-time control of H2S pollution in sewer systems","authors":"Zhensheng Liang ,&nbsp;Wenlang Xie ,&nbsp;Hao Li ,&nbsp;Yu Li ,&nbsp;Feng Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.wroa.2024.100230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wroa.2024.100230","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The frequent occurrence of safety incidents in sewer systems due to the emergency toxicity of hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) necessitate timely and efficient prediction, early warning and real-time control. However, various factors influencing H₂S generation and emission leads to a substantial computational burden for the existing dynamic sewer process models and fails to timely control the H₂S exposure risk. The present study proposed a swift prediction model (SPM) that combined the validated dynamic sewer process model (the biofilm-initiated sewer process model, BISM) with a high-speed machine learning algorithm (MLA), achieving accurately and swiftly predict the dissolved sulfide (DS) concentration and H₂S concentration in a specific sewer network. Based on Gradient Boosting Decision Tree-based SPM, the simulated concentrations of DS and H₂S are 1.95 mg S/L and 214 ppm, respectively, which are closely to the field-measured values of 1.82 mg S/L and 219 ppm. Notably, SPM achieved a computation time of less than 0.3 s, and a significant improvement over BISM (&gt; 5000 s) for the same task. Moreover, the real-time and dynamic dosing scheme facilitated by SPM outperformed the conventional constant dosing scheme provided by dynamic sewer process model, which significantly improved the H₂S control completion rate from 69 % to 100 %, and achieved a significant reduction in chemical dosage. In conclusion, the integration of dynamic sewer process models with MLA addresses the inadequacy of monitoring data for MLA training, and thus pursues swift prediction of H₂S generation and emission, and achieving real-time, effective, and economic control of H₂S in complex sewer networks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52198,"journal":{"name":"Water Research X","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100230"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589914724000203/pdfft?md5=0edea718d98cc6fde946a30b883daf5b&pid=1-s2.0-S2589914724000203-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141485222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultraviolet technology application in urban water supply and wastewater treatment in China: Issues, challenges and future directions","authors":"Wenjun Sun ,&nbsp;Xiuwei Ao ,&nbsp;Dongming Lu ,&nbsp;Yuanna Zhang ,&nbsp;Yanei Xue ,&nbsp;Siyuan He ,&nbsp;Xi Zhang ,&nbsp;Ted Mao","doi":"10.1016/j.wroa.2024.100225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wroa.2024.100225","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study thoroughly explores the application of Ultraviolet (UV) water treatment technology in urban wastewater treatment and water supply in China, highlighting its crucial role in enhancing water quality safety. UV technology, with its environmentally friendly and low-carbon characteristics, is deemed more in line with the demands of sustainable development compared to traditional chemical disinfection methods. The widespread application of UV technology in urban wastewater treatment in China, particularly in the context of urban sewage treatment, is examined. However, to better promote and apply UV technology, there is a need to deepen the understanding of this technology and its application among a broad base of users and design units. The importance of gaining in-depth knowledge about the performance of UV water treatment equipment, the design calculation basis, and operational considerations, as well as the ongoing development of relevant standards, is underscored to ensure that the equipment used in projects complies with engineering design and production requirements. Furthermore, the positive trend of UV technology in the field of advanced oxidation, indicating a promising trajectory for engineering applications, is pointed out. Regarding the prospects of industrial development, a thorough analysis is conducted in the article, emphasizing the necessity for all stakeholders to collaborate and adopt a multi-level approach to promote the sustainable development and application of UV water treatment technology. This collaborative effort is crucial for providing effective safeguards for China's environment, ecology, and human health.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52198,"journal":{"name":"Water Research X","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100225"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S258991472400015X/pdfft?md5=7e5b3a95e8a05c9973a49094dcf8d922&pid=1-s2.0-S258991472400015X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140815119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal estimation of groundwater and surface water conditions by integrating deep learning and physics-based watershed models","authors":"Soobin Kim ,&nbsp;Eunhee Lee ,&nbsp;Hyoun-Tae Hwang ,&nbsp;JongCheol Pyo ,&nbsp;Daeun Yun ,&nbsp;Sang-Soo Baek ,&nbsp;Kyung Hwa Cho","doi":"10.1016/j.wroa.2024.100228","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wroa.2024.100228","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The impacts of climate change on hydrology underscore the urgency of understanding watershed hydrological patterns for sustainable water resource management. The conventional physics-based fully distributed hydrological models are limited due to computational demands, particularly in the case of large-scale watersheds. Deep learning (DL) offers a promising solution for handling large datasets and extracting intricate data relationships. Here, we propose a DL modeling framework, incorporating convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to efficiently replicate physics-based model outputs at high spatial resolution. The goal was to estimate groundwater head and surface water depth in the Sabgyo Stream Watershed, South Korea. The model datasets consisted of input variables, including elevation, land cover, soil type, evapotranspiration, rainfall, and initial hydrological conditions. The initial conditions and target data were obtained from the fully distributed hydrological model HydroGeoSphere (HGS), whereas the other inputs were actual measurements in the field. By optimizing the training sample size, input design, CNN structure, and hyperparameters, we found that CNNs with residual architectures (ResNets) yielded superior performance. The optimal DL model reduces computation time by 45 times compared to the HGS model for monthly hydrological estimations over five years (RMSE 2.35 and 0.29 m for groundwater and surface water, respectively). In addition, our DL framework explored the predictive capabilities of hydrological responses to future climate scenarios. Although the proposed model is cost-effective for hydrological simulations, further enhancements are needed to improve the accuracy of long-term predictions. Ultimately, the proposed DL framework has the potential to facilitate decision-making, particularly in large-scale and complex watersheds.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52198,"journal":{"name":"Water Research X","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100228"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589914724000185/pdfft?md5=f3b239f09128177971f5235f73909650&pid=1-s2.0-S2589914724000185-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141050653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The ciliate Euplotes balteatus is resistant to Paralytic Shellfish Toxins from Alexandrium minutum (Dinophyceae)","authors":"Jing Li ,&nbsp;Jinrong Wang ,&nbsp;Xiuping He ,&nbsp;Haifeng Gu ,&nbsp;Xin Xu ,&nbsp;Chen Liang ,&nbsp;Yongchao Wang ,&nbsp;Xiao Xu ,&nbsp;Linxuan Jia ,&nbsp;Junhui Chen ,&nbsp;Miaohua Jiang ,&nbsp;Jianming Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.wroa.2024.100229","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wroa.2024.100229","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Research on interactions between grazers and toxigenic algae is fundamental for understanding toxin dynamics within aquatic ecosystems and developing biotic approaches to mitigate harmful algal blooms. The dinoflagellate <em>Alexandrium minutum</em> is a well-known microalga responsible for paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) contamination in many coastal regions worldwide. This study investigated the impact of the ciliate <em>Euplotes balteatus</em> on cell density and PSTs transfer in simulated <em>A. minutum</em> blooms under controlled conditions. <em>E. balteatus</em> exhibited resistance to the PSTs produced by <em>A. minutum</em> with a density of up to 10,000 cells/mL, sustaining growth and reproduction while eliminating algal cells within a few days. The cellular PSTs content of <em>A. minutum</em> increased in response to the grazing pressure from <em>E. balteatus</em>. However, due to the substantial reduction in density, the overall toxicity of the algal population decreased to a negligible level. Most PSTs contained within algal cells were temporarily accumulated in <em>E. balteatus</em> before being released into the water column, suggesting unclear mechanisms for PSTs excretion in unicellular grazers. In principle, the grazing of <em>E. balteatus</em> on <em>A. minutum</em> promotes the transfer of the majority of intracellular PSTs into extracellular portions, thereby mitigating the risk of their accumulation and contamination through marine trophic pathways. However, this process also introduces an increase in the potential environmental hazards posed by extracellular PSTs to some extent.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52198,"journal":{"name":"Water Research X","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100229"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589914724000197/pdfft?md5=0f6658283a799cc89084b031d9cb77f4&pid=1-s2.0-S2589914724000197-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141393416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Benchmarks for urine volume generation and phosphorus mass recovery in commercial and institutional buildings","authors":"Lucas Crane ,&nbsp;Ashton Merck ,&nbsp;Shwetha Delanthamajalu ,&nbsp;Khara Grieger ,&nbsp;Anna-Maria Marshall ,&nbsp;Treavor H. Boyer","doi":"10.1016/j.wroa.2024.100227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wroa.2024.100227","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Phosphorus (P) is a finite resource and necessary nutrient for agriculture. Urine contains a higher concentration of P than domestic wastewater, which can be recovered by source separation and treatment (hereafter urine diversion). Commercial and institutional (CI) buildings are a logical location for urine diversion since restrooms account for a substantial fraction of water use and wastewater generation. This study estimated the potential for P recovery from human urine and water savings from reduced flushing in CI buildings, and proposed an approach to identify building types and community layouts that are amenable to implementing urine diversion. The results showed that urine diversion is most advantageous in CI buildings with either high daily occupancy counts or times, such as hospitals, schools, office buildings, and airports. Per occupant P recovery benchmarks were estimated to be between 0.04–0.68 g/cap·d. Per building P recovery rates were estimated to be between 0.002–5.1 kg/d, and per building water savings were estimated to be between 3 and 23 % by volume. Recovered P in the form of phosphate fertilizer and potable water savings could accrue profits and cost reductions that could offset the capital costs of new urine diversion systems within 5 y of operation. Finally, urine diversion systems can be implemented at different levels of decentralization based on community layout and organizational structure, which will require socioeconomic and policy acceptance for wider adoption.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52198,"journal":{"name":"Water Research X","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100227"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589914724000173/pdfft?md5=66f91225e0a2011d3a44de1a24596460&pid=1-s2.0-S2589914724000173-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140905281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}