Water Research X最新文献

{"title":"Long-term onsite monitoring of a sewage sludge drying pan finds methane emissions consistent with IPCC default emission factor","authors":"Mei Bai ,&nbsp;Zhiyao Wang ,&nbsp;James Lloyd ,&nbsp;Dilini Seneviratne ,&nbsp;Thomas Flesch ,&nbsp;Zhiguo Yuan ,&nbsp;Deli Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.wroa.2023.100184","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wroa.2023.100184","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As the wastewater sector moves towards achieving net zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, quantifying and understanding fugitive emissions from various sewage treatment steps is crucial for developing effective GHG abatement strategies. Methane (CH₄) emissions from a sludge drying pan (SDP) were measured at a wastewater treatment plant in Australia for more than a year, using a micrometeorological technique paired with open-path lasers. The emission rate was tightly associated with sludge additions, climatology, and operational processes. The mean emission rate during the 90 weeks after initial sludge addition was 2.3 (± 0.8) g m⁻² d⁻¹, with cumulative emissions of approximately 32 t of CH₄. A dynamic temporal pattern of emissions was observed, highlighting the importance of continuous (or near-continuous) measurements for quantifying SDP emissions. A Methane Correction Factor (MCF) expressed as a fraction of the measured chemical oxygen demand of the sludge, was determined to be 0.17 after 63 weeks (the median operational cycle duration at the facility). This is broadly consistent with, albeit slightly less than, the IPCC default value of 0.2 for shallow anaerobic lagoons. These emission measurements will support wastewater utilities that employ open air sludge drying processes to develop effective GHG abatement strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52198,"journal":{"name":"Water Research X","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a9/2f/main.PMC10236450.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9632645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Making waves: Why do we need ultra-permeable nanofiltration membranes for water treatment?","authors":"Zhe Yang,&nbsp;Chenyue Wu,&nbsp;Chuyang Y. Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.wroa.2023.100172","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wroa.2023.100172","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Over the last few decades, developing ultra-permeable nanofiltration (UPNF) membranes has been a focus research area to support NF-based water treatment. Nevertheless, there have been ongoing debates and doubts on the need for UPNF membranes. In this work, we share our perspectives on why UPNF membranes are desired for water treatment. We analyze the specific energy consumption (SEC) of NF processes under various application scenarios, which reveals the potential of UPNF membranes for reducing SEC by 1/3 to 2/3 depending on the prevailing transmembrane osmotic pressure difference. Furthermore, UPNF membranes could potentially enable new process opportunities. Vacuum-driven submerged NF-modules could be retrofitted to existing water/wastewater treatment plants, offering lower SEC and lower cost compared to conventional NF systems. Their use in submerged membrane bioreactors (NF-MBR) can recycle wastewater into high-quality permeate water, which enables energy-efficient water reuse in a single treatment step. The ability for retaining soluble organics may further extend the application of NF-MBR for anaerobic treatment of dilute municipal wastewater. Critical analysis of membrane development reveals huge rooms for UPNF membranes to attain improved selectivity and antifouling performance. Our perspective paper offers important insights for the future development of NF-based water treatment technology, which could potentially lead to a paradigm shift in this burgeoning field.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52198,"journal":{"name":"Water Research X","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9969056/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10812315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sorghum-grown fungal biocatalysts for synthetic dye degradation","authors":"Yifan Gao ,&nbsp;Benjamin Croze ,&nbsp;Quinn T. Birch ,&nbsp;Mallikarjuna N. Nadagouda ,&nbsp;Shaily Mahendra","doi":"10.1016/j.wroa.2023.100181","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wroa.2023.100181","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The synthetic dye discharge is responsible for nearly one-fifth of the total water pollution from textile industry, which poses both environmental and public health risks. Herein, a solid substrate inoculated with fungi is proposed as an effective and environmentally friendly approach for catalyzing organic dye degradation. <em>Pleurotus ostreatus</em> was inoculated onto commercially available solid substrates such as sorghum, bran, and husk. Among these, <em>P. ostreatus</em> grown on sorghum (PO-SORG) produced the highest enzyme activity and was further tested for its dye biodegradation ability. Four dye compounds, Reactive Blue 19 (RB-19), Indigo Carmine, Acid Orange 7, and Acid Red 1 were degraded by PO-SORG with removal efficiencies of 93%, 95%, 95%, and 78%, respectively. Under more industrially relevant conditions, PO-SORG successfully degraded dyes in synthetic wastewater and in samples collected from a local textile factory, which reveals its potential for practical usage. Various biotransformation intermediates and end-products were identified for each dye. PO-SORG exhibited high stability even under relatively extreme temperatures and pH conditions. Over 85% removal of RB-19 was achieved after three consecutive batch cycles, demonstrating reusability of this approach. Altogether, PO-SORG demonstrated outstanding reusability and sustainability and offers considerable potential for treating wastewater streams containing synthetic organic dyes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52198,"journal":{"name":"Water Research X","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ad/f9/main.PMC10195984.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9509107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanism insight into the facet-dependent photoaging of polystyrene microplastics on hematite in freshwater","authors":"Jiehong He ,&nbsp;Lanfang Han ,&nbsp;Weiwei Ma ,&nbsp;Chao Xu ,&nbsp;Elvis Genbo Xu ,&nbsp;Chuanxin Ma ,&nbsp;Baoshan Xing ,&nbsp;Zhifeng Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.wroa.2023.100185","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wroa.2023.100185","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hematite, as an extensive natural mineral with multiple crystal facets, profoundly affects the migration and transformation of pollutants in the natural environment. However, little is known about the photochemical behavior of microplastics on different facets of hematite in the aquatic environment. In this work, the photoaging of polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) on different crystal planes ({001}, {100}, and {012} facets) and related mechanisms were studied. Two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy analysis illustrated that the reaction pathways of PS-MPs photoaging on hematite tended to preferential chemical oxidization. The stronger performance of PS-MPs photoaging, expressed by particle size reduction and surface oxidation, was observed on the {012} crystal facet. Under irradiation, {012} facet-dominated hematite with a narrower bandgap (1.93 eV) reinforced the photogenerated charge carrier separation, and the lower activation energy barrier (1.41 eV calculated from density functional theory) led to effective •OH formation from water oxidation. These findings elucidate the underlying photoaging mechanism of MPs on hematite with different mineralogical phases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52198,"journal":{"name":"Water Research X","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b3/cf/main.PMC10245329.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9607145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Boosted brackish water desalination and water softening by facilely designed MnO2/hierarchical porous carbon as capacitive deionization electrode","authors":"Guangcai Tan,&nbsp;Shun Wan,&nbsp;Shu-Chuan Mei,&nbsp;Bo Gong,&nbsp;Chen Qian,&nbsp;Jie-Jie Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.wroa.2023.100182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wroa.2023.100182","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Capacitive deionization (CDI) is a promising technique for brackish water desalination. However, its salt electrosorption capacity is insufficient for practical application yet, and little information is available on hardness ion (Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺) removal in CDI. Herein, hierarchical porous carbon (HPC) was prepared from low-cost and renewable microalgae via a simple one-pot approach, and both MnO₂/HPC and polyaniline/HPC (PANI/HPC) composites were then synthesized using a facile, one-step hydrothermal method. Compared with the MnO₂ electrode, the MnO₂/HPC electrode presented an improved hydrophilicity, higher specific capacitance, and lower electrode resistance. The electrodes exhibited pseudocapacitive behaviors, and the maximum salt electrosorption capacities of MnO₂/HPC-PANI/HPC CDI cell was up to 0.65 mmol g⁻¹ NaCl, 0.71 mmol g⁻¹ MgCl₂, and 0.76 mmol g⁻¹ CaCl₂, respectively, which were comparable and even higher than those of the previously reported CDI cells. Additionally, the MnO₂/HPC electrode presented a selectivity order of Ca²⁺ ≥ Mg²⁺ &gt; Na⁺, and the divalent cation selectivity was found to be attributed to their stronger binding strength in the cavity of MnO_2. Multiscale simulations further reveal that the MnO₂/HPC electrodes with the unique luminal configuration of MnO₂ and HPC as supportive framework could offer a great intercalation selectivity of the divalent cations and exhibit a great promise in hardness ion removal.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52198,"journal":{"name":"Water Research X","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49815789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial mixotrophic denitrification using iron(II) as an assisted electron donor","authors":"Yuan Pan ,&nbsp;Ying-Ying Fu ,&nbsp;Ke Zhou ,&nbsp;Tian Tian ,&nbsp;Yu-Sheng Li ,&nbsp;Han-Qing Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.wroa.2023.100176","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wroa.2023.100176","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Mixotrophic denitrification processes have a great potential in nitrogen removal in biological wastewater treatment processes. However, so far, few studies have focused on the mixotrophic denitrification system using Fe(II) as an exclusively assisted electron donors and the underlying mechanisms in such a process remain unclear. Furthermore, the mechanisms by which microorganisms cover carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and iron in an iron-assisted mixotrophic system remain unrevealed. In this work, we explore the feasibility of using Fe(II) as an assisted electron donor for enhancing simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal via long-term reactor operation and batch tests. The results show that Fe(II) could provide electrons for efficient nitrate reduction and that biological reactions played a predominant role in these systems. In these systems <em>Thermomonas</em>, a strain of nitrate-reduction Fe(II)-oxidation bacterium, was enriched and accounted for a maximum abundance of 60.2%. These findings indicate a great potential of the Fe(II)-assisted mixotrophic denitrification system for practical use as an efficient simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal process.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52198,"journal":{"name":"Water Research X","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10068250/pdf/main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9257133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Making waves: A vision for digital water utilities","authors":"Magnus Arnell ,&nbsp;Maya Miltell ,&nbsp;Gustaf Olsson","doi":"10.1016/j.wroa.2023.100170","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wroa.2023.100170","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Digitalisation has developed over half a century and is one of the global trends defining society of today and future. Digitalisation is envisioned to help water utilities to become: i) community orientated and digitally integrated with customers and society; ii) digitally transformed end-to-end throughout the value-chain and interconnected between business units; iii) predictive &amp; proactive, utilizing models and applications for control and decision support; iv) visually communicative with customers and society, creating customers aware of the value of water; and financially sustainable by optimal operation (OPEX), and sustainable investments (CAPEX). Digitalisation is a process for business development, where digital solutions are used for automation and innovation. Utilizing the potential of the technological innovation requires a parallel organisational transformation. Any implementation of systems or applications must be motivated in actual needs for the organisation and service delivery. Prior to any digitalisation, identifying issues and areas of improvement is essential. Starting the digital journey, motivating employees, improving the digital culture and creating acceptance of new processes are needed on all levels. Most digital applications require collection, storage, sharing and integrated analysis of large amounts of data. This includes both soft and hard digital infrastructure.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52198,"journal":{"name":"Water Research X","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9929606/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10755232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coupling physical selection with biological selection for the startup of a pilot-scale, continuous flow, aerobic granular sludge reactor without treatment interruption","authors":"Zhaohui An ,&nbsp;Jiefu Wang ,&nbsp;Xueyao Zhang ,&nbsp;Charles B. Bott ,&nbsp;Bob Angelotti ,&nbsp;Matt Brooks ,&nbsp;Zhi-Wu Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.wroa.2023.100186","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wroa.2023.100186","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study removes two technical constraints for transitioning full-scale activated sludge infrastructure to continuous flow, aerobic granular sludge (AGS) facilities. The first of these is the loss of treatment capacity as a result of the rapid washout of flocculent sludge inventory and in turn the potential loss of nitrification during initial AGS reactor startup. The second is the physical selector design which currently is limited to either the complex sequencing batch reactor selection or sidestream hydrocyclones. Briefly, real wastewater data collected from this study suggested that by increasing the surface overflow rate (SOR) of an upflow clarifier to 10 m h ⁻ ¹, the clarifier can be taken advantage of as a physical selector to separate flocculant sludge from AGS. Redirecting the physical selector underflow and overflow sludge to the feast and famine zones of a treatment train, respectively, can create a biological selection that not only promotes AGS formation but also safeguards the effluent quality throughout the AGS reactor startup period. This study provides a novel concept for economically implementing continuous flow AGS within existing full-scale, continuous flow treatment trains.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52198,"journal":{"name":"Water Research X","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/2c/2c/main.PMC10276156.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9662694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to ‘Amyloid adhesin production in activated sludge is enhanced in lab-scale sequencing batch reactors: Feeding regime impacts microbial community and amyloid distribution’ [Water Research X 17 (2022) 100162]","authors":"An-Sofie Christiaens,&nbsp;Manon Van Steenkiste,&nbsp;Koen Rummens,&nbsp;Ilse Smets","doi":"10.1016/j.wroa.2023.100173","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wroa.2023.100173","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52198,"journal":{"name":"Water Research X","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10214297/pdf/main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9916442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single CSTR can be as effective as an SBR in selecting PHA-storing biomass from municipal wastewater-derived feedstock","authors":"Antoine Brison ,&nbsp;Pierre Rossi ,&nbsp;Nicolas Derlon","doi":"10.1016/j.wroa.2023.100165","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wroa.2023.100165","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A key step for the production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) from organic waste streams is the selection of a biomass with a high PHA-storage capacity (selection-step), which is usually performed in sequencing batch reactors (SBR). A major advancement would be to perform such selection in continuous reactors to facilitate the full-scale implementation of PHA production from municipal wastewater (MWW)-derived feedstock. The present study therefore investigates to what extent a simple continuous-flow stirred-tank reactor (CSTR) represents a relevant alternative to anSBR. To this end, we operated two selection reactors (CSTR vs<em>.</em> SBR) on filtered primary sludge fermentate while performing a detailed analysis of the microbial communities, and monitoring PHA-storage over long-term (∼150 days) and during accumulation batches. Our study demonstrates that a simple CSTR is as effective as an SBR in selecting biomass with high PHA-storage capacity (up to 0.65 gPHA gVSS⁻¹) while being 50% more efficient in terms of substrate to biomass conversion yields. We also show that such selection can occur on VFA-rich feedstock containing nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in excess, whereas previously, selection of PHA-storing organisms in a single CSTR has only been studied under P limitation. We further found that microbial competition was mostly affected by nutrient availability (N and P) rather than by the reactor operation mode (CSTR vs. SBR). Similar microbial communities therefore developed in both selection reactors, while microbial communities were very different depending on N availability. <em>Rhodobacteraceae</em> gen. were most abundant when growth conditions were stable and N-limited, whereas dynamic N- (and P-) excess conditions favoured the selection of the known PHA-storer <em>Comamonas</em>, and led to the highest observed PHA-storage capacity. Overall, we demonstrate that biomass with high storage capacity can be selected in a simple CSTR on a wider range of feedstock than just P-limited ones.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52198,"journal":{"name":"Water Research X","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10214291/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9545695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}