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Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences最新文献

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Supporting Healthy Brain and Behavioral Development During Infancy 在婴儿期支持健康的大脑和行为发展
IF 3.8
Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences Pub Date : 2022-02-23 DOI: 10.1177/23727322211068172
L. Scott, N. Brito
{"title":"Supporting Healthy Brain and Behavioral Development During Infancy","authors":"L. Scott, N. Brito","doi":"10.1177/23727322211068172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23727322211068172","url":null,"abstract":"Much of infant development occurs in the home and in the context of caregiving support. Babies learn through their everyday interactions with parents—from watching, listening, communicating, cuddling, and playing with them. Foundations for cognitive skills such as attention, perception, learning, and language are all built in the brain during the first year of life. Socioemotional development, including the ability to self-regulate behaviors and emotions, also begins during infancy. Recent advances have allowed researchers to answer questions about the developing brain and how it is impacted by experience and environmental systems, including parental sensitivity and consistency, the home environment, socio-cultural factors, community support systems, and public policies. Giving parents the opportunity to support healthy infant development through paid parental leave programs that are accessible, flexible, and equitable, will positively impact early trajectories of brain and behavioral development.","PeriodicalId":52185,"journal":{"name":"Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49384915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Emerging Adults’ Awareness and Perceptions of Mental Health Problems and Services in Nigeria 尼日利亚新生成人对心理健康问题和服务的认识和看法
IF 3.8
Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences Pub Date : 2022-02-23 DOI: 10.1177/23727322211068028
P. Ajike, Esther Abimbola Ariyo, A. M. Ariyo, Kikelomo Adubi
{"title":"Emerging Adults’ Awareness and Perceptions of Mental Health Problems and Services in Nigeria","authors":"P. Ajike, Esther Abimbola Ariyo, A. M. Ariyo, Kikelomo Adubi","doi":"10.1177/23727322211068028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23727322211068028","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the high prevalence of psychiatric disorders among Nigerian youths, mental health care access and usage in this population is extremely low. This review examines emerging adults’ awareness and perceptions of mental health problems and services in Nigeria. Specifically, we (1) provide background information about mental health perception, services, and challenges in Nigeria; (2) describe the current state of mental health among emerging adult population in Nigeria; (3) discuss risk factors among emerging adults in Nigeria; (4) document emerging adults’ perception of mental health problems and services in Nigeria, and potential explanations for this trend. We conclude with a discussion of practices and policies. In a nation like Nigeria, where mental health services are scarce and health gaps and disparities abound, the value of mental health awareness and realistic health policies cannot be overstated.","PeriodicalId":52185,"journal":{"name":"Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43186955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
From the Womb into the World: Protecting the Fetal Brain from Maternal Stress During Pregnancy 从女性走向世界：保护胎儿大脑免受孕期母体压力
IF 3.8
Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences Pub Date : 2022-02-23 DOI: 10.1177/23727322211068024
Marion I. van den Heuvel
{"title":"From the Womb into the World: Protecting the Fetal Brain from Maternal Stress During Pregnancy","authors":"Marion I. van den Heuvel","doi":"10.1177/23727322211068024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23727322211068024","url":null,"abstract":"No other period in a child's life matches the speed of brain development than the first nine months in the womb. Rapid growth goes hand in hand with enormous potential, but also with great vulnerability. This policy-focused review focuses on maternal mental health as a key factor for fetal brain development. Already during pregnancy, the fetal brain wires differently when exposed to maternal stress, and children prenatally exposed to stress have a higher risk of developing neurodevelopmental disorders. Maternal prenatal stress is preventable, treatable, and tractable by policy. Research-based, policy recommends: (1) screening for maternal mental health issues throughout pregnancy, (2) encourage talking about prenatal mental health, (3) evidence-based interventions for pregnant women with mental health issues, (4) avoiding stress-inducing communication towards pregnant women, and (5) stimulating positive postnatal parenting. Investing in healthy pregnancies will improve fetal brain growth, and, ultimately lead to a healthier next generation.","PeriodicalId":52185,"journal":{"name":"Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43415832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Building Equitable Access and Inclusion for Children Growing up in the Digital age 为在数字时代成长的儿童建立公平的获取和包容
IF 3.8
Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences Pub Date : 2022-02-23 DOI: 10.1177/23727322211068388
Rachel F. Barr
{"title":"Building Equitable Access and Inclusion for Children Growing up in the Digital age","authors":"Rachel F. Barr","doi":"10.1177/23727322211068388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23727322211068388","url":null,"abstract":"Beginning during infancy, digital media are a pervasive part of family life, affecting opportunities to learn and time in family relationships. Research showing the potentially negative impacts of media on very young children led to recommendations of restricted media usage. Other research has examined how educational media can promote child outcomes and well-being. However, stark issues of digital inequity remain. Many families experience underconnectivity, with both income and geography limiting access to adequate bandwidth. Finally, cracks in the democratic structure of the Internet are emerging. Software engineers and social scientists revealed that algorithms determine children's media content and exploitative features manipulate the duration of media exposure. The article evaluates media usage for very young children. Based on this risk–benefit analysis, the article proposes a policy to increase the inclusiveness and safety of the digital space for all young children.","PeriodicalId":52185,"journal":{"name":"Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46227641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Neural Sociometrics: Toward Early Screening of Infant Psychosocial and Brain Health to Improve Lifelong Mental Well-Being 神经社会计量学:早期筛选婴儿社会心理和大脑健康以改善终身心理健康
IF 3.8
Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences Pub Date : 2022-02-23 DOI: 10.1177/23727322211068020
V. Leong
{"title":"Neural Sociometrics: Toward Early Screening of Infant Psychosocial and Brain Health to Improve Lifelong Mental Well-Being","authors":"V. Leong","doi":"10.1177/23727322211068020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23727322211068020","url":null,"abstract":"Infant development depends on warm, responsive social interactions that richly stimulate the senses, acting through multiple pathways to orchestrate healthy maturation of the neonatal brain, mind, and body. Conversely, adverse early experiences seed vulnerabilities for poor cognition and emotional instability. Although we routinely measure many aspects of infant physical health (hearing, weight), no clinical tools currently exist to measure early psychosocial health and brain development. Here, neural sociometrics (real-time multi-sensor imaging of adult–infant social interactive behavior and neurophysiology) is discussed as one possible precision measurement framework. Early psychosocial health screening, paired with precision therapeutics, could fundamentally alter a child's development trajectory toward lifelong mental well-being and productivity. Further, population-level measurements of social brain health could forecast mental capital growth (and deficits) for entire communities and generations. This article calls for the prioritized development of early scalable diagnostic instruments to reveal the status of infant mental wellbeing and brain health.","PeriodicalId":52185,"journal":{"name":"Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46969481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Infant Sleep as a Cornerstone for Cognitive Development 婴儿睡眠是认知发展的基石
IF 3.8
Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences Pub Date : 2022-02-23 DOI: 10.1177/23727322211068006
Sabine Seehagen
{"title":"Infant Sleep as a Cornerstone for Cognitive Development","authors":"Sabine Seehagen","doi":"10.1177/23727322211068006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23727322211068006","url":null,"abstract":"During infancy, humans typically spend most of their time asleep. It is intuitively plausible that this state is important for development and well-being. But there has been a surprising dearth of knowledge regarding the causal role of sleep for specific cognitive processes during this period. Recent experimental evidence has revealed a causal role of sleep for early memory processes. By supporting the consolidation and further processing of recently acquired memories, sleep shapes emerging knowledge networks. In addition, infants’ sleep patterns likely shape their learning environment by influencing caregiver sleep and behavior. Based on recent research, recommendations for policy and practice include (a) allowing individualized sleep schedules in child care settings, (b) providing easily accessible information on sleep and sleep promotion to caregivers, (c) integrating findings from sleep research in the training of early childhood educators, and (d) providing flexible parental leave arrangements that promote sufficient sleep in infants and caregivers.","PeriodicalId":52185,"journal":{"name":"Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47337839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Discrimination and Health: Fostering Better Health for Black American Youth 歧视与健康:促进美国黑人青年更好的健康
IF 3.8
Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences Pub Date : 2022-02-23 DOI: 10.1177/23727322211073796
Cherita A. Clendinen, Darlene A. Kertes
{"title":"Discrimination and Health: Fostering Better Health for Black American Youth","authors":"Cherita A. Clendinen, Darlene A. Kertes","doi":"10.1177/23727322211073796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23727322211073796","url":null,"abstract":"The Black Lives Matter movement has heightened US cultural awareness of the disproportionate burden of racial discrimination for Black Americans. With a special emphasis on Black youth, this review describes the health consequences of discrimination, including depression, anxiety, suicide, stress biology, immune system dysfunction, and cellular aging. However, as evidence documents, ethnic-racial socialization (ERS) reduces the mental, academic, and physical impacts of racial discrimination. A specific policy recommendation would integrate ERS into intervention efforts to reduce the health burden of discrimination on minority youth.","PeriodicalId":52185,"journal":{"name":"Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47937102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Weight-Based Disparities in Youth Mental Health: Scope, Social Underpinnings, and Policy Implications 青少年心理健康中基于体重的差异：范围、社会基础和政策意义
IF 3.8
Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences Pub Date : 2022-02-23 DOI: 10.1177/23727322211068018
L. Lessard, Samantha E. Lawrence
{"title":"Weight-Based Disparities in Youth Mental Health: Scope, Social Underpinnings, and Policy Implications","authors":"L. Lessard, Samantha E. Lawrence","doi":"10.1177/23727322211068018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23727322211068018","url":null,"abstract":"Weight-based disparities in mental health impair the well-being of youth with overweight and obesity, who comprise a growing majority of young people in the United States. This review summarizes research regarding the extent of weight-based disparities in youth mental health and describes the social underpinnings of these disparities across contexts. Youth with high weight face frequent stigmatization (e.g., bullying, victimization, negative judgment), particularly in the school setting. Weight-based disparities in youth mental health emerge not because of high body weight itself, but because of the stigma associated with having high body weight. As such, policy actions need to address weight stigma. Empirical evidence can inform sound policies to reduce the stigma experienced by youth with high weight in order to support equitable mental health outcomes for youth with diverse body sizes.","PeriodicalId":52185,"journal":{"name":"Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42243837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Resilience: Within-Group Variations in the Impact of Racial Discrimination on Black Youth's Mental Health 弹性:种族歧视对黑人青年心理健康影响的群体内差异
IF 3.8
Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences Pub Date : 2022-02-23 DOI: 10.1177/23727322211068015
Isabelle M Elisha, Rayven-Nikkita Collins
{"title":"Resilience: Within-Group Variations in the Impact of Racial Discrimination on Black Youth's Mental Health","authors":"Isabelle M Elisha, Rayven-Nikkita Collins","doi":"10.1177/23727322211068015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23727322211068015","url":null,"abstract":"Growing national concern about the increase in Black youth's suicide rates has led to calls for closer examinations of disparities in young people's mental health outcomes and their underlying causes, including differences in access to healthcare and willingness to use mental health services, and systemic inequities. The present research brief answers this call through a critical analysis of racial discrimination and other adverse mechanisms that perpetuate negative mental health outcomes for Black youth. Our approach draws from principles of developmental psychology and intersectional theory. We begin by arguing for a biopsychosocial consideration of the effects of discrimination on Black youth's development. Then, we review the multilevel impact of racism on mental health outcomes. Although examining global patterns for Black youth as a group has value, our paper will instead focus on within-group differences and the intersecting social factors that shape them. Finally, we end with research-based proposals for policies that prioritize Black youth's well-being.","PeriodicalId":52185,"journal":{"name":"Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42617925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
A Case for Early Language and Behavior Screening: Implications for Policy and Child Development 早期语言和行为筛查的案例:对政策和儿童发展的影响
IF 3.8
Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences Pub Date : 2022-02-23 DOI: 10.1177/23727322211068886
A. Kaiser, Jason C. Chow, Jennifer E. Cunningham
{"title":"A Case for Early Language and Behavior Screening: Implications for Policy and Child Development","authors":"A. Kaiser, Jason C. Chow, Jennifer E. Cunningham","doi":"10.1177/23727322211068886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23727322211068886","url":null,"abstract":"Early language skills and prosocial behavior contribute to positive outcomes across the lifespan. Screening has improved the identification and early intervention (EI) for children with hearing loss, autism spectrum disorders, and genetically based disabilities. However, many children with significant functional impairments in language and behavior are not identified before school entry. These children have missed a critical window for EI that might have prevented or mitigated persistent developmental language impairment and challenging behaviors. The critical need for early identification of children with delays in both language and social-emotional development by proposing a preventive, universal screening approach. This approach to early screening aims to reduce the number of children on a trajectory of academic failure and social difficulties as a result of these early developmental delays.","PeriodicalId":52185,"journal":{"name":"Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42082813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 13
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