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Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences最新文献

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Cognition is a Critical Vital Sign for Older Adults: The Need for Early Detection of Cognitive Impairment is Now 认知是老年人的重要生命体征：现在需要早期发现认知障碍
IF 3.8
Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-10 DOI: 10.1177/23727322221110261
R. Hilsabeck, L. Lacritz, M. Colvin, P. Espe-Pfeifer, S. Sperling, P. Arnett, W. Perry
{"title":"Cognition is a Critical Vital Sign for Older Adults: The Need for Early Detection of Cognitive Impairment is Now","authors":"R. Hilsabeck, L. Lacritz, M. Colvin, P. Espe-Pfeifer, S. Sperling, P. Arnett, W. Perry","doi":"10.1177/23727322221110261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23727322221110261","url":null,"abstract":"The number of older adults in America is increasing every year, and in just over one decade, people aged 65 and older will surpass the number of children under age 18 for the first time in history. Along with the aging of America comes increase in the prevalence of cognitive impairment because age is the primary risk factor for neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer disease and related disorders. There is an urgent need to identify cognitive impairment as early as possible so interventions can be deployed to reduce the associated medical, behavioral, and economic burden on patients, families, and society in general. Launching public health campaigns, investing in a workforce that is trained and incentivized to detect and manage cognitive impairment, and leveraging technology to facilitate and improve early detection are a few strategies that may help address this growing healthcare crisis.","PeriodicalId":52185,"journal":{"name":"Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42267288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Behavioral Economic Demand: How Simulated Behavioral Tasks Can Inform Health Policy 行为经济需求：模拟行为任务如何为卫生政策提供信息
IF 3.8
Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-10 DOI: 10.1177/23727322221118668
Derek D. Reed, Brett W. Gelino, J. Strickland
{"title":"Behavioral Economic Demand: How Simulated Behavioral Tasks Can Inform Health Policy","authors":"Derek D. Reed, Brett W. Gelino, J. Strickland","doi":"10.1177/23727322221118668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23727322221118668","url":null,"abstract":"Consumers decide what to purchase, under conditions of constraint (e.g., commodity price). According to behavioral economic demand, commodity purchase task (CPT) can measure hypothetical decisions about purchases under varied simulated policy conditions (e.g., introduction of new cigarette taxes, happy hour drinking specials). These tasks permit rapid data collection without sacrificing methodological rigor or the validity of conclusions reached. The CPT allows researchers to simulate new policies, to determine their relative risks and benefits, thus offering an opportunity to optimize prior to rollout. Behavioral outcomes related to consumer purchases also make the CPT data readily translatable to policymakers, including constituent health behavior. This article provides a background on CPTs, a review of literature related to policy-aimed CPTs, and a start on best practices for other behavioral scientists interested in applying CPT to inform public policy efforts. It also serves as a primer for policymakers seeking to evaluate usage of this tool.","PeriodicalId":52185,"journal":{"name":"Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45754297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback for Substance Use Disorder: Health Policy Implications 药物使用障碍的心率变异性生物反馈:健康政策影响
IF 3.8
Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-10 DOI: 10.1177/23727322221113037
S. Wieman, D. Eddie
{"title":"Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback for Substance Use Disorder: Health Policy Implications","authors":"S. Wieman, D. Eddie","doi":"10.1177/23727322221113037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23727322221113037","url":null,"abstract":"Substance use disorder (SUD) exacts massive individual and public health burdens, in part because of its relapsing nature. First-line SUD treatments aim to strengthen affective and cognitive control to help individuals override impulses to use alcohol and other drugs, yet automatic physiological processes compromised by SUD interact with affective states and the environment, compromising effortful cognitive control and undermining attempts to avoid substance use. While existing first-line SUD treatments may indirectly help offset these vulnerabilities, none target them. Heart rate variability biofeedback (HRVB) involves rhythmic breathing that directly targets these deficits, complementing first-line SUD treatments. HRVB has evolved from a clinic-based treatment to an ambulatory intervention utilizing wearable biosensors and smartphone applications with capacity for just-in-time support of affective and behavioral self-regulation. There is evidence supporting the efficacy of HRVB for SUD, but more research is needed to fully assess HRVB's potential to support SUD recovery and inform policy.","PeriodicalId":52185,"journal":{"name":"Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44605014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Increasing Stress Resilience in Difficult Times: Integrating Proven Practices from Biofeedback and Psychotherapy 在困难时期提高抗压能力：整合生物反馈和心理治疗的实践
IF 3.8
Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-10 DOI: 10.1177/23727322221118936
P. Steffen, D. Bartlett
{"title":"Increasing Stress Resilience in Difficult Times: Integrating Proven Practices from Biofeedback and Psychotherapy","authors":"P. Steffen, D. Bartlett","doi":"10.1177/23727322221118936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23727322221118936","url":null,"abstract":"People across the country are experiencing significant levels of stress across most areas of life, including economic (jobs and inflation), health (epidemics), social and relationship issues, and international conflicts and political strife. People want to cope better but the amount of information available on stress management is staggering, confusing, and sometimes contradictory. Drawing from empirically supported intervention research that integrates biofeedback and psychotherapy approaches, three simple practices can help clients build stress resilience: balancing life demands with equanimity, becoming more aware but less worried, and actively engaging in flexible coping strategies. These three practices are straightforward to learn and easy to do as part of daily life. Although these approaches are typically administered individually in psychotherapeutic settings, there is significant potential in using a community approach to intervention. Most importantly, these techniques are proven, cheap, and have no side effects and can be easily administered using online website instruction and smartphone assessment technology.","PeriodicalId":52185,"journal":{"name":"Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41274367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Limitations of the Sum-and-Alpha Approach to Measurement in Behavioral Research 行为研究中Sum和Alpha测量方法的局限性
IF 3.8
Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-10 DOI: 10.1177/23727322221117144
Daniel M. McNeish
{"title":"Limitations of the Sum-and-Alpha Approach to Measurement in Behavioral Research","authors":"Daniel M. McNeish","doi":"10.1177/23727322221117144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23727322221117144","url":null,"abstract":"Many behavioral researchers are interested in measuring constructs such as mood, affect, or cognition—all of which cannot be observed directly. Instead, researchers administer items from surveys, tests, or scales to indirectly measure aspects of the construct. Psychometrics is a branch of statistics dedicated to determining whether scores created from item responses are reasonably capturing the intended construct. However, several review papers have shown that behavioral research frequently does not engage with psychometrics and instead creates scores by assigning numerical values to item responses, summing item responses, and reporting reliability of summed scores without any assessment of whether scores are valid. Despite the popularity of this approach, it can limit the informativeness and generalizability of conclusions in behavioral research. The goal of this paper is to raise awareness of these issues with policymakers and other consumers of research and to encourage producers of research to consider readily available, more rigorous approaches.","PeriodicalId":52185,"journal":{"name":"Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44414614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Behavior Analysis in the War on Poverty: The Therapeutic Workplace Wage Supplement Program 反贫困战争中的行为分析：治疗性工作场所工资补充计划
IF 3.8
Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-10 DOI: 10.1177/23727322221119990
Shrinidhi Subramaniam, August F. Holtyn, K. Silverman
{"title":"Behavior Analysis in the War on Poverty: The Therapeutic Workplace Wage Supplement Program","authors":"Shrinidhi Subramaniam, August F. Holtyn, K. Silverman","doi":"10.1177/23727322221119990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23727322221119990","url":null,"abstract":"Poverty presents a profound burden on health. Financial incentives can shape behavior to benefit individuals living in poverty and to benefit society. As current research shows, large-scale wage supplement programs (i.e., those that provide cash assistance for working) can sometimes increase employment, but tend not to address health problems like addiction. As proof of concept, the Therapeutic Workplace intervention treated addiction, increased employment, and reduced poverty in adults with long-term unemployment and opioid use disorder. The Therapeutic Workplace also developed academic skills, encouraged job readiness, enhanced engagement with employment services, and improved mood and quality of life. Granted, in this and similar trials, some participants did not become employed and many relapsed to drug use or were unemployed after the intervention ended. Continued battles in the war on poverty include identifying evidence-based methods to promote steady employment in high-wage jobs and maintaining positive health outcomes long term.","PeriodicalId":52185,"journal":{"name":"Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41377542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Biofeedback and Health Evidence-Based Biofeedback and Neurofeedback for People with Epilepsy and Seiz 生物反馈与健康基于证据的生物反馈和癫痫患者的神经反馈
IF 3.8
Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences Pub Date : 2022-06-21 DOI: 10.1177/23727322221108508
Robert P. Turner
{"title":"Biofeedback and Health Evidence-Based Biofeedback and Neurofeedback for People with Epilepsy and Seiz","authors":"Robert P. Turner","doi":"10.1177/23727322221108508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23727322221108508","url":null,"abstract":"Epilepsy is the fourth most common neurological disorder worldwide despite many anti-seizure medications. Biofeedback (BFB) and neurofeedback (NFB) have shown significant promise since the 1960s to improve seizure control, abnormalities in electroencephalography (EEG) and quantitative-EEG, and quality of life. Epilepsy is a disease of brain networks and BFB/NFB is a non-invasive, brain-centered, low-risk, low-cost, and reliable treatment for people with seizures/epilepsy and especially since standard seizure medications and epilepsy surgery often do not result in complete seizure control. Neuroscience healthcare clinician experience and a 60-year literature foundation show that BFB/NFB to improve brain dysregulation and abnormal network dynamics are known to be at the root of seizures/epilepsy. BFB/NFB trains individuals to self-regulate brain activity through real-time performance feedback. An exhaustive literature review for NFB/BFB and seizures/epilepsy (1960s–present) yielded 150 articles documenting improvements in seizures and EEG/QEEG abnormalities. Clinicians, insurers, and the public should support BFB/NFB as a first-line intervention for seizures/epilepsy.","PeriodicalId":52185,"journal":{"name":"Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48040076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Bilingual Language Development in Infancy: What Can We Do to Support Bilingual Families? 幼儿双语语言发展:我们如何支持双语家庭?
IF 3.4
Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences Pub Date : 2022-03-01 Epub Date: 2022-02-23 DOI: 10.1177/23727322211069312
Laia Fibla, Jessica E Kosie, Ruth Kircher, Casey Lew-Williams, Krista Byers-Heinlein
{"title":"Bilingual Language Development in Infancy: What Can We Do to Support Bilingual Families?","authors":"Laia Fibla, Jessica E Kosie, Ruth Kircher, Casey Lew-Williams, Krista Byers-Heinlein","doi":"10.1177/23727322211069312","DOIUrl":"10.1177/23727322211069312","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many infants and children around the world grow up exposed to two or more languages. Their success in learning each of their languages is a direct consequence of the quantity and quality of their everyday language experience, including at home, in daycare and preschools, and in the broader community context. Here, we discuss how research on early language learning can inform policies that promote successful bilingual development across the varied contexts in which infants and children live and learn. Throughout our discussions, we highlight that each individual child's experience is unique. In fact, it seems that there are as many ways to grow up bilingual as there are bilingual children. To promote successful bilingual development, we need policies that acknowledge this variability and support frequent exposure to high-quality experience in each of a child's languages.</p>","PeriodicalId":52185,"journal":{"name":"Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8866745/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42031513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
How the Emotional Environment Shapes the Emotional Life of the Child. 情感环境如何塑造儿童的情感生活。
IF 3.4
Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences Pub Date : 2022-03-01 Epub Date: 2021-12-13 DOI: 10.1177/23727322211067264
Vanessa LoBue, Marissa Ogren
{"title":"How the Emotional Environment Shapes the Emotional Life of the Child.","authors":"Vanessa LoBue, Marissa Ogren","doi":"10.1177/23727322211067264","DOIUrl":"10.1177/23727322211067264","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Emotion understanding facilitates the development of healthy social interactions. To develop emotion knowledge, infants and young children must learn to make inferences about people's dynamically changing facial and vocal expressions in the context of their everyday lives. Given that emotional information varies so widely, the emotional <i>input</i> that children receive might particularly shape their emotion understanding over time. This review explores how variation in children's received emotional input shapes their emotion understanding and their emotional behavior over the course of development. Variation in emotional input from caregivers shapes individual differences in infants' emotion perception and understanding, as well as older children's emotional behavior. Finally, this work can inform policy and focus interventions designed to help infants and young children with social-emotional development.</p>","PeriodicalId":52185,"journal":{"name":"Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9435752/pdf/nihms-1786378.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40349630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Promoting Fair and Just School Environments: Developing Inclusive Youth. 促进公平公正的学校环境：培养包容性青年
IF 3.4
Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences Pub Date : 2022-03-01 Epub Date: 2022-02-23 DOI: 10.1177/23727322211073795
Melanie Killen, Adam Rutland
{"title":"Promoting Fair and Just School Environments: Developing Inclusive Youth.","authors":"Melanie Killen, Adam Rutland","doi":"10.1177/23727322211073795","DOIUrl":"10.1177/23727322211073795","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Incidents of prejudice and discrimination in K-12 schools have increased over the past decade around the world, including the U.S. In 2018, more than two-thirds of the 2,776 U.S. educators surveyed reported witnessing a hate or bias incident in their school. Children and adolescents who experience prejudice, social exclusion and discrimination are subject to compromised well-being and low academic achievement. Few educators feel prepared to incorporate this topic into the education curriculum. Given the long-term harm related to experiencing social exclusion and discrimination, school districts need to create positive school environments and directly address prejudice and bias. Several factors are currently undermining progress in this area. First, national debates in the U.S. and other countries has politicized the topic of creating fair and just school environments. Second, the Covid pandemic has interrupted children's and adolescents' education by halting academic progress which has particularly negatively affected students from marginalized and ethnic/racial minority backgrounds. Third, teachers have experienced significant stress during Covid-19 with an increase in anxiety around virtual instruction and communication with parents. Three strategies recommended to address these converging problems include creating inclusive and non-discriminatory policies for schools, promoting opportunities for intergroup contact and mutual respect, and implementing evidence-based, developmentally appropriate education programs designed to reduce prejudice, increase ethnic and racial identity, and promote equity, fairness and justice in school environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":52185,"journal":{"name":"Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8992963/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43586886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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