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Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences最新文献

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Digital Contingency Management in the Treatment of Substance Use Disorders 药物使用障碍治疗中的数字应急管理
IF 3.8
Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1177/23727322221144648
J. Dallery, Anthony Defulio, B. Raiff
{"title":"Digital Contingency Management in the Treatment of Substance Use Disorders","authors":"J. Dallery, Anthony Defulio, B. Raiff","doi":"10.1177/23727322221144648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23727322221144648","url":null,"abstract":"Contingency management (CM) provides incentives based on drug abstinence or other treatment goals; it is one of the most efficacious and cost-effective psychosocial interventions for substance use disorders. However, CM remains severely underused in clinical care. Digital methods to deliver CM could dramatically expand access. These methods include information and drug sensing technologies to obtain objective evidence of drug abstinence, authenticate the end-user's identity, and deliver incentives immediately. Digital CM has been applied successfully to cigarette smoking, alcohol misuse, and more recently illicit drug use. Policies should continue to evolve to promote the delivery of digital CM based on decades of research.","PeriodicalId":52185,"journal":{"name":"Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences","volume":"10 1","pages":"51 - 58"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45397726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
National Health Guidelines for Social Connection: What Is the Evidence in Support and What Might the Guidelines Say? 国家社会联系健康指南：支持的证据是什么？指南可能会说什么？
IF 3.8
Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1177/23727322221150204
J. Holt‐Lunstad
{"title":"National Health Guidelines for Social Connection: What Is the Evidence in Support and What Might the Guidelines Say?","authors":"J. Holt‐Lunstad","doi":"10.1177/23727322221150204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23727322221150204","url":null,"abstract":"National health guidelines provide policy makers and the public with recommendations for various behavioral factors known to promote health and reduce disease risk, such as diet and physical activity. Given public health concerns about social isolation, loneliness, and other forms of lacking social connection, the evidence supports establishing national health guidelines for “social connection.” The aggregate body of scientific evidence demonstrates social connection protects health and reduces health risks, pointing to clear relevance for public health. Taken together with national trends suggesting greater social disconnection, there is a compelling case for national preventative efforts. This article summarizes evidence on the health relevance of social connections, potential opportunities, and challenges in establishing and implementing guidelines, the process of establishing guidelines, and provides illustrative evidence-based examples of potential recommendations.","PeriodicalId":52185,"journal":{"name":"Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences","volume":"10 1","pages":"41 - 50"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45419113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Barriers to Accessing Effective Treatments for Destructive Behavior. 获得破坏性行为有效治疗的障碍
IF 3.4
Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences Pub Date : 2023-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-03-15 DOI: 10.1177/23727322221144653
Brian D Greer
{"title":"Barriers to Accessing Effective Treatments for Destructive Behavior.","authors":"Brian D Greer","doi":"10.1177/23727322221144653","DOIUrl":"10.1177/23727322221144653","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The field of applied behavior analysis has developed and refined a comprehensive methodology for the assessment and successful treatment of destructive behavior: An individualized approach emphasizes (a) function of responding (or its cause) over its form; (b) objective and reliable measurement of behavior; (c) systematic procedures and their application; (d) rigorous, single-case experimental designs; and (e) determinations of successful intervention judged by improvements in the same individual's performance. Outcomes of this approach are often dramatic and reliably surpass those obtained by alternative means. However, significant barriers limit the accessibility of this proven therapy. Too few intensive behavioral intervention units, diagnosis- and age-dependent insurance authorization and reimbursement practices, long waitlists and slow approval processes, and the possibility of treatment relapse represent a few such barriers. This article describes these barriers and suggests some potential solutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":52185,"journal":{"name":"Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences","volume":"10 1","pages":"68-74"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11150915/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41737051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cognition is a Critical Vital Sign for Older Adults: The Need for Early Detection of Cognitive Impairment is Now 认知是老年人的重要生命体征：现在需要早期发现认知障碍
IF 3.8
Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-10 DOI: 10.1177/23727322221110261
R. Hilsabeck, L. Lacritz, M. Colvin, P. Espe-Pfeifer, S. Sperling, P. Arnett, W. Perry
{"title":"Cognition is a Critical Vital Sign for Older Adults: The Need for Early Detection of Cognitive Impairment is Now","authors":"R. Hilsabeck, L. Lacritz, M. Colvin, P. Espe-Pfeifer, S. Sperling, P. Arnett, W. Perry","doi":"10.1177/23727322221110261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23727322221110261","url":null,"abstract":"The number of older adults in America is increasing every year, and in just over one decade, people aged 65 and older will surpass the number of children under age 18 for the first time in history. Along with the aging of America comes increase in the prevalence of cognitive impairment because age is the primary risk factor for neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer disease and related disorders. There is an urgent need to identify cognitive impairment as early as possible so interventions can be deployed to reduce the associated medical, behavioral, and economic burden on patients, families, and society in general. Launching public health campaigns, investing in a workforce that is trained and incentivized to detect and manage cognitive impairment, and leveraging technology to facilitate and improve early detection are a few strategies that may help address this growing healthcare crisis.","PeriodicalId":52185,"journal":{"name":"Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":"188 - 195"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42267288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback for Substance Use Disorder: Health Policy Implications 药物使用障碍的心率变异性生物反馈:健康政策影响
IF 3.8
Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-10 DOI: 10.1177/23727322221113037
S. Wieman, D. Eddie
{"title":"Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback for Substance Use Disorder: Health Policy Implications","authors":"S. Wieman, D. Eddie","doi":"10.1177/23727322221113037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23727322221113037","url":null,"abstract":"Substance use disorder (SUD) exacts massive individual and public health burdens, in part because of its relapsing nature. First-line SUD treatments aim to strengthen affective and cognitive control to help individuals override impulses to use alcohol and other drugs, yet automatic physiological processes compromised by SUD interact with affective states and the environment, compromising effortful cognitive control and undermining attempts to avoid substance use. While existing first-line SUD treatments may indirectly help offset these vulnerabilities, none target them. Heart rate variability biofeedback (HRVB) involves rhythmic breathing that directly targets these deficits, complementing first-line SUD treatments. HRVB has evolved from a clinic-based treatment to an ambulatory intervention utilizing wearable biosensors and smartphone applications with capacity for just-in-time support of affective and behavioral self-regulation. There is evidence supporting the efficacy of HRVB for SUD, but more research is needed to fully assess HRVB's potential to support SUD recovery and inform policy.","PeriodicalId":52185,"journal":{"name":"Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":"156 - 163"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44605014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Behavioral Economic Demand: How Simulated Behavioral Tasks Can Inform Health Policy 行为经济需求：模拟行为任务如何为卫生政策提供信息
IF 3.8
Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-10 DOI: 10.1177/23727322221118668
Derek D. Reed, Brett W. Gelino, J. Strickland
{"title":"Behavioral Economic Demand: How Simulated Behavioral Tasks Can Inform Health Policy","authors":"Derek D. Reed, Brett W. Gelino, J. Strickland","doi":"10.1177/23727322221118668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23727322221118668","url":null,"abstract":"Consumers decide what to purchase, under conditions of constraint (e.g., commodity price). According to behavioral economic demand, commodity purchase task (CPT) can measure hypothetical decisions about purchases under varied simulated policy conditions (e.g., introduction of new cigarette taxes, happy hour drinking specials). These tasks permit rapid data collection without sacrificing methodological rigor or the validity of conclusions reached. The CPT allows researchers to simulate new policies, to determine their relative risks and benefits, thus offering an opportunity to optimize prior to rollout. Behavioral outcomes related to consumer purchases also make the CPT data readily translatable to policymakers, including constituent health behavior. This article provides a background on CPTs, a review of literature related to policy-aimed CPTs, and a start on best practices for other behavioral scientists interested in applying CPT to inform public policy efforts. It also serves as a primer for policymakers seeking to evaluate usage of this tool.","PeriodicalId":52185,"journal":{"name":"Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":"171 - 178"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45754297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Limitations of the Sum-and-Alpha Approach to Measurement in Behavioral Research 行为研究中Sum和Alpha测量方法的局限性
IF 3.8
Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-10 DOI: 10.1177/23727322221117144
Daniel M. McNeish
{"title":"Limitations of the Sum-and-Alpha Approach to Measurement in Behavioral Research","authors":"Daniel M. McNeish","doi":"10.1177/23727322221117144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23727322221117144","url":null,"abstract":"Many behavioral researchers are interested in measuring constructs such as mood, affect, or cognition—all of which cannot be observed directly. Instead, researchers administer items from surveys, tests, or scales to indirectly measure aspects of the construct. Psychometrics is a branch of statistics dedicated to determining whether scores created from item responses are reasonably capturing the intended construct. However, several review papers have shown that behavioral research frequently does not engage with psychometrics and instead creates scores by assigning numerical values to item responses, summing item responses, and reporting reliability of summed scores without any assessment of whether scores are valid. Despite the popularity of this approach, it can limit the informativeness and generalizability of conclusions in behavioral research. The goal of this paper is to raise awareness of these issues with policymakers and other consumers of research and to encourage producers of research to consider readily available, more rigorous approaches.","PeriodicalId":52185,"journal":{"name":"Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":"196 - 203"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44414614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Increasing Stress Resilience in Difficult Times: Integrating Proven Practices from Biofeedback and Psychotherapy 在困难时期提高抗压能力：整合生物反馈和心理治疗的实践
IF 3.8
Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-10 DOI: 10.1177/23727322221118936
P. Steffen, D. Bartlett
{"title":"Increasing Stress Resilience in Difficult Times: Integrating Proven Practices from Biofeedback and Psychotherapy","authors":"P. Steffen, D. Bartlett","doi":"10.1177/23727322221118936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23727322221118936","url":null,"abstract":"People across the country are experiencing significant levels of stress across most areas of life, including economic (jobs and inflation), health (epidemics), social and relationship issues, and international conflicts and political strife. People want to cope better but the amount of information available on stress management is staggering, confusing, and sometimes contradictory. Drawing from empirically supported intervention research that integrates biofeedback and psychotherapy approaches, three simple practices can help clients build stress resilience: balancing life demands with equanimity, becoming more aware but less worried, and actively engaging in flexible coping strategies. These three practices are straightforward to learn and easy to do as part of daily life. Although these approaches are typically administered individually in psychotherapeutic settings, there is significant potential in using a community approach to intervention. Most importantly, these techniques are proven, cheap, and have no side effects and can be easily administered using online website instruction and smartphone assessment technology.","PeriodicalId":52185,"journal":{"name":"Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences","volume":"362 1","pages":"164 - 170"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41274367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Behavior Analysis in the War on Poverty: The Therapeutic Workplace Wage Supplement Program 反贫困战争中的行为分析：治疗性工作场所工资补充计划
IF 3.8
Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-10 DOI: 10.1177/23727322221119990
Shrinidhi Subramaniam, August F. Holtyn, K. Silverman
{"title":"Behavior Analysis in the War on Poverty: The Therapeutic Workplace Wage Supplement Program","authors":"Shrinidhi Subramaniam, August F. Holtyn, K. Silverman","doi":"10.1177/23727322221119990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23727322221119990","url":null,"abstract":"Poverty presents a profound burden on health. Financial incentives can shape behavior to benefit individuals living in poverty and to benefit society. As current research shows, large-scale wage supplement programs (i.e., those that provide cash assistance for working) can sometimes increase employment, but tend not to address health problems like addiction. As proof of concept, the Therapeutic Workplace intervention treated addiction, increased employment, and reduced poverty in adults with long-term unemployment and opioid use disorder. The Therapeutic Workplace also developed academic skills, encouraged job readiness, enhanced engagement with employment services, and improved mood and quality of life. Granted, in this and similar trials, some participants did not become employed and many relapsed to drug use or were unemployed after the intervention ended. Continued battles in the war on poverty include identifying evidence-based methods to promote steady employment in high-wage jobs and maintaining positive health outcomes long term.","PeriodicalId":52185,"journal":{"name":"Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":"179 - 187"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41377542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Biofeedback and Health Evidence-Based Biofeedback and Neurofeedback for People with Epilepsy and Seiz 生物反馈与健康基于证据的生物反馈和癫痫患者的神经反馈
IF 3.8
Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences Pub Date : 2022-06-21 DOI: 10.1177/23727322221108508
Robert P. Turner
{"title":"Biofeedback and Health Evidence-Based Biofeedback and Neurofeedback for People with Epilepsy and Seiz","authors":"Robert P. Turner","doi":"10.1177/23727322221108508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23727322221108508","url":null,"abstract":"Epilepsy is the fourth most common neurological disorder worldwide despite many anti-seizure medications. Biofeedback (BFB) and neurofeedback (NFB) have shown significant promise since the 1960s to improve seizure control, abnormalities in electroencephalography (EEG) and quantitative-EEG, and quality of life. Epilepsy is a disease of brain networks and BFB/NFB is a non-invasive, brain-centered, low-risk, low-cost, and reliable treatment for people with seizures/epilepsy and especially since standard seizure medications and epilepsy surgery often do not result in complete seizure control. Neuroscience healthcare clinician experience and a 60-year literature foundation show that BFB/NFB to improve brain dysregulation and abnormal network dynamics are known to be at the root of seizures/epilepsy. BFB/NFB trains individuals to self-regulate brain activity through real-time performance feedback. An exhaustive literature review for NFB/BFB and seizures/epilepsy (1960s–present) yielded 150 articles documenting improvements in seizures and EEG/QEEG abnormalities. Clinicians, insurers, and the public should support BFB/NFB as a first-line intervention for seizures/epilepsy.","PeriodicalId":52185,"journal":{"name":"Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":"147 - 155"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48040076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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