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Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences最新文献

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Recommended Changes to Standard of Care for Monitoring of Cortically Blind Fields 对皮质盲区监测护理标准的建议修改
Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/23727322231196563
Hanna E. Willis, Matthew R. Cavanaugh
{"title":"Recommended Changes to Standard of Care for Monitoring of Cortically Blind Fields","authors":"Hanna E. Willis, Matthew R. Cavanaugh","doi":"10.1177/23727322231196563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23727322231196563","url":null,"abstract":"Global incidence of stroke has risen 70% in the last 30 years, affecting approximately 25% of adults throughout the course of their lives. Up to 60% of stroke survivors will suffer visual impairments, which significantly reduce quality of life and independence. Despite the high prevalence, patients are hugely underserved by the medical and research communities. Clinical care is variable throughout the United States and United Kingdom, with only 57% of patients receiving visual field assessments and 61% stating their need for support has not been fully met. Additionally, unlike stroke survivors with motor or language deficits, those with vision loss are rarely offered visual rehabilitation. This is despite recent research into the efficacy of visual training and the propensity for the visual deficit to worsen in the absence of an intervention. This article reviews common gaps in patient care and proposes policy changes to increase awareness of the condition, foster clinical and scientific advances in treatment, and enhance patient outcomes.","PeriodicalId":52185,"journal":{"name":"Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136160217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Conducting Electroencephalography With Black Individuals: Barriers, Recommendations, and Impact on Generalizability 对黑人进行脑电图:障碍、建议和对普遍性的影响
Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/23727322231197739
Lisa Brown, David Rollock, Dan Foti
{"title":"Conducting Electroencephalography With Black Individuals: Barriers, Recommendations, and Impact on Generalizability","authors":"Lisa Brown, David Rollock, Dan Foti","doi":"10.1177/23727322231197739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23727322231197739","url":null,"abstract":"Electroencephalography (EEG) is a critical tool for neuroscience research on brain functioning, as well as clinical applications in neurological and psychiatric illnesses. Anti-Black racism is a substantial societal problem that affects the validity of EEG assessments, thereby undermining efforts in research and in medical practice. There are several barriers present in the process of recording EEG with Black individuals. This includes the physical qualities of Black hair; as well as the cultural and historical significance of Black hair, the features of Black hairstyles, and the discomfort that many Black individuals feel if their hair is touched. The potential impact of these barriers on the application of EEG is considerable, including concerns of individual discomfort, lack of generalizability, and misdiagnosis. Recommendations are proposed here to combat these barriers, including individual researchers who utilize EEG methods, funding agencies that support EEG research, and journal editors who publish EEG findings.","PeriodicalId":52185,"journal":{"name":"Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences","volume":"127 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136160443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Research on Gene–Environment Interplay Over Time in Diverse Populations to Inform Public Health Initiatives 不同人群中基因-环境相互作用的长期研究为公共卫生倡议提供信息
Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/23727322231194459
Kit K. Elam
{"title":"Research on Gene–Environment Interplay Over Time in Diverse Populations to Inform Public Health Initiatives","authors":"Kit K. Elam","doi":"10.1177/23727322231194459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23727322231194459","url":null,"abstract":"Differences in individual genetic predisposition are associated with adaptive and maladaptive behavior. Also, the interplay between genetic predisposition and one's social and contextual environments can work together to influence behavior. This gene–environment interplay can change across development and vary across different racial and ethnic populations. Genetically informed developmental research in diverse populations can enhance understanding of the etiology, risk, and prevention of public health issues. Advancing and translating this research can help identify social and contextual risk factors, as well as protective mechanisms, during specific developmental periods and across diverse populations. This approach can inform public health strategies in promoting health behaviors.","PeriodicalId":52185,"journal":{"name":"Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136160617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Human-Centric Lighting Research and Policy in the Melanopsin Age 黑色素时代以人为中心的照明研究与政策
Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/23727322231196896
Manuel Spitschan, Daniel S. Joyce
{"title":"Human-Centric Lighting Research and Policy in the Melanopsin Age","authors":"Manuel Spitschan, Daniel S. Joyce","doi":"10.1177/23727322231196896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23727322231196896","url":null,"abstract":"Beyond visual function, specialized light-sensitive retinal circuits involving the photopigment melanopsin drive critical aspects of human physiology and behavior, including sleep–wake rhythms, hormone production, mood, and cognition. Fundamental discoveries of visual neurobiology dating back to the 1990s have given rise to strong interest from the lighting industry in optimizing lighting to benefit health. Consequently, evidence-based recommendations, regulations, and policies need to translate current knowledge of neurobiology into practice. Here, reviewing recent advances in understanding of NIF circuits in humans leads to proposed strategies to optimize electric lighting. Highlighted knowledge gaps must be addressed urgently, as well as the challenge of developing personalized, adaptive NIF lighting interventions accounting for complex individual differences in physiology, behavior, and environment. Finally, lighting equity issues appear in the context of marginalized groups, who have traditionally been underserved in research on both fundamental visual processes and applied lighting. Biologically optimal light is a fundamental environmental right.","PeriodicalId":52185,"journal":{"name":"Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136093385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals: Science and Policy 干扰内分泌的化学物质:科学与政策
Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/23727322231196794
Emily N. Hilz, Andrea C. Gore
{"title":"Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals: Science and Policy","authors":"Emily N. Hilz, Andrea C. Gore","doi":"10.1177/23727322231196794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23727322231196794","url":null,"abstract":"Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are chemicals that disrupt the normal functioning of endocrine system hormones, leading to a range of adverse health effects in humans and wildlife. Exposure to EDCs is ubiquitous and occurs through contaminated food and water, air, consumer products, and transfer from parents to offspring. Effective regulation has been challenging due to a limited understanding of EDCs’ complex and nonlinear dose-response relationships, as well as difficulty in attributing specific health effects to individual EDC exposures in real-world scenarios. Current EDC policies face limitations in terms of the diversity and complexity of EDCs, the lack of comprehensive testing requirements, and the need for more robust regulatory frameworks that consider cumulative and mixture effects of EDCs. Understanding these aspects is crucial for developing effective and evidence-based EDC policies that can safeguard public health and the environment.","PeriodicalId":52185,"journal":{"name":"Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences","volume":"212 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136159662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Health Effects of Disrupted Circadian Rhythms by Artificial Light at Night 夜间人造光干扰昼夜节律对健康的影响
Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/23727322231193967
Lourdes K. Davis, Jacob R. Bumgarner, Randy J. Nelson, Laura K. Fonken
{"title":"Health Effects of Disrupted Circadian Rhythms by Artificial Light at Night","authors":"Lourdes K. Davis, Jacob R. Bumgarner, Randy J. Nelson, Laura K. Fonken","doi":"10.1177/23727322231193967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23727322231193967","url":null,"abstract":"Life on Earth has adapted to the changing patterns of light and darkness caused by the Earth's rotation. Known as circadian rhythms, these 24 h biological rhythms are regulated through light exposure and coordinate a range of behaviors such as sleep-wake cycles, eating, activity levels, and more. However, artificial light at night can disrupt these rhythms, altering how the human internal clock regulates sleep, metabolism, and even mood. This paper discusses some common forms of circadian disruption, such as nighttime light pollution and shift work, and examines the associated health outcomes. Some policy insights for reducing circadian disruption include regulating shift work, updating public lighting, and incentivizing circadian-based technologies. Regulating artificial lighting can improve human health and wellbeing, protect wildlife, and will allow future generations to continue enjoying starry nights.","PeriodicalId":52185,"journal":{"name":"Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136160830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Face Recognition Under Adverse Viewing Conditions: Implications for Eyewitness Testimony 不利观看条件下的人脸识别:对目击者证词的影响
Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/23727322231194458
Charles C.-F. Or, Denise Y. Lim, Siyuan Chen, Alan L.F. Lee
{"title":"Face Recognition Under Adverse Viewing Conditions: Implications for Eyewitness Testimony","authors":"Charles C.-F. Or, Denise Y. Lim, Siyuan Chen, Alan L.F. Lee","doi":"10.1177/23727322231194458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23727322231194458","url":null,"abstract":"Eyewitness testimony forms an important component in deciding whether a case can be prosecuted. Yet, many criminal perpetrators deliberately conceal their faces with disguises or under dim lighting, undermining eyewitness accuracy. This article reviews recent studies to characterize the factors that impair face recognition performance, specifically, various forms of face disguise (e.g., face masks, sunglasses) and different lighting conditions. Research shows that identification accuracy, alongside eyewitness confidence and decision bias, all affect the reliability of eyewitness accounts. A consistent finding across studies is that face-identification accuracy can be improved by matching the viewing conditions during the police lineup with those during the crime (e.g., showing masked faces during the lineup should the perpetrator be masked). Current face recognition research provides specific recommendations for optimizing the procedures in eyewitness testimony.","PeriodicalId":52185,"journal":{"name":"Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136160444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Project Prakash: Merging Basic Science and Societal Service in Vision Research 普拉卡什项目:融合视觉研究中的基础科学和社会服务
Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/23727322231196867
Sharon Gilad-Gutnick
{"title":"Project Prakash: Merging Basic Science and Societal Service in Vision Research","authors":"Sharon Gilad-Gutnick","doi":"10.1177/23727322231196867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23727322231196867","url":null,"abstract":"For nearly 20 years, Prakash has created a humanitarian-scientific synergy by treating congenitally blind children in rural India, then following their visual development to understand how the human brain learns to see. From solving a 300-year-old conundrum to deconstructing the “critical window” of neuroplasticity, Prakash has led to new ways of thinking about development. Unfortunately, many children suffering from treatable congenital blindness around the world remain untreated due to a persistent belief that improvements are not possible past a “critical age” of 5–7 years old. Here, a review of the data identifies an urgent need to engage with stakeholders across the global medical community to disseminate Prakash's findings and overturn these entrenched dogmas. Toward that end, recent partnerships with eye-health organizations expand the reach of this approach and cultivate a cohesive global network. Prakash exemplifies both evidence-based intervention and intervention-based scientific discovery.","PeriodicalId":52185,"journal":{"name":"Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136160634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Developmental Neuroscience Informs Policy Related to Migrant and Refugee Children's Mental Health 发展神经科学为移民和难民儿童心理健康相关政策提供信息
Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/23727322231193964
Sahana Kribakaran, Emily M. Cohodes, Dylan G. Gee
{"title":"Developmental Neuroscience Informs Policy Related to Migrant and Refugee Children's Mental Health","authors":"Sahana Kribakaran, Emily M. Cohodes, Dylan G. Gee","doi":"10.1177/23727322231193964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23727322231193964","url":null,"abstract":"Migrant and refugee children commonly experience traumatic events and stressful conditions along their migration journeys. Migration-related trauma can have persisting effects on children's mental health. Developmental neuroscience suggests neural mechanisms that connect these experiences to mental health conditions such as post-traumatic stress disorder. This research review, focused on migrant families emigrating from Mexico, Central America, and Haiti and bound for the United States, first overviews the nature of trauma exposure faced by migrant families and next delineates potential neurobiological mechanisms underlying the effects of migration-related trauma on youth mental health. Finally, detailed policy recommendations relate to (1) providing mental health care, (2) addressing chronic stressors in the context of daily life, and (3) preventing migration-related trauma.","PeriodicalId":52185,"journal":{"name":"Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136160821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Emotional Mechanisms of Behavior Change: Existing Techniques, Best Practices, and a New Approach 行为改变的情绪机制:现有技术、最佳实践和新方法
Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/23727322231195907
Michelle N. Shiota, Carley Vornlocher, Lile Jia
{"title":"Emotional Mechanisms of Behavior Change: Existing Techniques, Best Practices, and a New Approach","authors":"Michelle N. Shiota, Carley Vornlocher, Lile Jia","doi":"10.1177/23727322231195907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23727322231195907","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional models of behavior change emphasize knowledge, beliefs, and injunctive norms as targets of intervention. Emotion—a potent force guiding human behavior—is strikingly absent from most models and most behavioral interventions. This article reviews evidence that emotion is not only consequential for common targets of behavioral intervention, but can be activated strategically to facilitate behavior change. This article presents a new framework for classifying behavior change targets, along with specific emotion-leveraging intervention techniques matched to each category of behavior. Policy recommendations emphasize combining emotional tools with other evidence-based behavior-change techniques. Although more research is needed, emotion shows promise for helping to support people's behavioral goals.","PeriodicalId":52185,"journal":{"name":"Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136160826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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