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Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences最新文献

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Toward the Next Generation of Precision Medicine 迈向下一代精准医疗
Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/23727322231197765
Brad Verhulst, Sarah E. Benstock
{"title":"Toward the Next Generation of Precision Medicine","authors":"Brad Verhulst, Sarah E. Benstock","doi":"10.1177/23727322231197765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23727322231197765","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of precision medicine is to develop individualized preventative, predictive, diagnostic, and treatment options that focus on treating a patient with a disease rather than simply curing the disease. The distinction between patient- and disease-focused approaches to healthcare are often contrasted, but both are necessary to develop the next generation of precision medicine. Disease-focused research establishes the standard course of illness, while research into the heterogeneity in onset and treatment responses allows healthcare professionals to tailor treatments to each individual patient. This ambitious objective has evolved over the past two decades and has been influential in treating patients with some types of cancers, cardiovascular diseases, and prenatal screenings. The next generation of precision medicine must integrate genetic, behavioral, and social determinants of health to address individual needs across a broad range of medical conditions. This will require coordinated efforts from multiple stakeholders: researchers, pharmaceutical companies, healthcare providers, and patients.","PeriodicalId":52185,"journal":{"name":"Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136161027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sleep, Poverty, and Biological Stress: Mitigating Sleep Health Disparities in Early Childhood 睡眠、贫穷和生理压力:减轻幼儿期睡眠健康差异
Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/23727322231199942
Amanda R. Tarullo, Arcadia R. Ewell, Michelle M. Garrison
{"title":"Sleep, Poverty, and Biological Stress: Mitigating Sleep Health Disparities in Early Childhood","authors":"Amanda R. Tarullo, Arcadia R. Ewell, Michelle M. Garrison","doi":"10.1177/23727322231199942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23727322231199942","url":null,"abstract":"In the first years of life, poverty increases the risk of sleep problems such as late bedtimes and frequent night awakenings. In turn, children with sleep problems are more likely to go on to have poor physical and mental health outcomes as adults. The development of sleep and biological stress systems is connected, so that sleep problems can lead to abnormal function of the stress hormone cortisol and contribute to enduring socioeconomic health disparities. Sleep also is critical to brain and cognitive development. Sleep practices such as inconsistent bedtime and absence of a bedtime routine are more common in families experiencing poverty and stress. To address early childhood sleep problems, there is an urgent need for policies that help low-income families to access behavioral sleep interventions; provide families with affordable healthcare, housing, and nutrition; and adjust childcare and school practices to support healthy sleep.","PeriodicalId":52185,"journal":{"name":"Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136161209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Promoting Gender-Affirming Care: Challenging Conflation and Embracing Complexity 促进性别确认护理:挑战合并，拥抱复杂性
Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/23727322231197148
Melvin L. Rouse
{"title":"Promoting Gender-Affirming Care: Challenging Conflation and Embracing Complexity","authors":"Melvin L. Rouse","doi":"10.1177/23727322231197148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23727322231197148","url":null,"abstract":"Anti-LGBTQ legislation and policies that restrict access to gender-affirming care for gender-diverse youth have been on the rise. These policies, particularly policies that restrict gender-affirming care for trans and gender-diverse youth, are often based on a narrow interpretation of data and oversimplification of the concepts of sex and gender. Quantitative and qualitative public health data show that queer and gender-diverse youth face significant mental health risks, so they need care and treatment options that address their distinct needs. Recognizing the complexities of sex and gender, inclusive policies should support gender-affirming care for gender-diverse youth. Restrictive legislation and policies based on oversimplified understandings of sex and gender perpetuate discrimination and harm. Policy recommendations include ensuring access to gender-affirming care, providing comprehensive LGBTQ-inclusive education and training for healthcare providers, and ensuring protection against discrimination.","PeriodicalId":52185,"journal":{"name":"Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136093383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Nicotine as an Environmental Toxin: Implications for Children's Health 尼古丁作为环境毒素:对儿童健康的影响
Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/23727322231190588
Lisa M. Gatzke-Kopp, Danielle R. Rice
{"title":"Nicotine as an Environmental Toxin: Implications for Children's Health","authors":"Lisa M. Gatzke-Kopp, Danielle R. Rice","doi":"10.1177/23727322231190588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23727322231190588","url":null,"abstract":"Despite significant declines in population smoking rates and effective policies to ban smoking in public places, environmental exposure to nicotine remains prevalent among children. Environmental smoke exposure affects children's respiratory, immune, and metabolic health but is also implicated in children's cognitive and behavioral development. Nicotine's chemical properties mimic naturally occurring chemicals in the brain. When nicotine is present during brain development (prenatally through the first five years of life), it alters developmental processes that affect systems involved in cognitive control, impulsivity, and sensitivity to rewarding substances, increasing risks for obesity. Because nicotine is the specific toxin underlying these outcomes, vaping is unlikely to be a safer alternative. Given the rise in vaping among young adults generally, and pregnant women specifically, this exposure represents a public health concern that warrants additional attention. Policies including modernized public health messaging and routine screening could reduce children's inadvertent exposure.","PeriodicalId":52185,"journal":{"name":"Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136159646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Testosterone, Sex, and Sport 睾丸素，性和运动
Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/23727322231197583
Kathleen V. Casto, Justin M. Carré
{"title":"Testosterone, Sex, and Sport","authors":"Kathleen V. Casto, Justin M. Carré","doi":"10.1177/23727322231197583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23727322231197583","url":null,"abstract":"Recent policies banning or limiting the participation of transgender and intersex women from the women's category of sport have called upon the science of testosterone to justify exclusion and define eligibility criteria. Scientific evidence supports a male advantage in sport, substantial sex differences in circulating testosterone, permanent effects on physiology from its long-term exposure, and a dose-dependent sporting advantage to its exogenous use. Yet, evidence connecting these findings has major gaps. Notably, no direct evidence shows that transgender and intersex women have a systematic sport advantage or that testosterone is the causal link. A brief review covers the relevant societal context, the science of testosterone, and the existing data used to support policies of exclusion. Key complexities, gaps in knowledge, and related ethical concerns all point to the need for more rigorous research.","PeriodicalId":52185,"journal":{"name":"Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136160227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Risk for Cannabis Use Disorder in People Who Use Cannabis to Cope with Internalizing Disorders: Implications for Policy and Practice 使用大麻应对内化障碍的人群中大麻使用障碍的风险:对政策和实践的影响
Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/23727322231195273
Brandon S. Schermitzler, Thomas J. Preston, Richard J. Macatee
{"title":"Risk for Cannabis Use Disorder in People Who Use Cannabis to Cope with Internalizing Disorders: Implications for Policy and Practice","authors":"Brandon S. Schermitzler, Thomas J. Preston, Richard J. Macatee","doi":"10.1177/23727322231195273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23727322231195273","url":null,"abstract":"The prevalence of Cannabis Use Disorder (CUD) is increasing in the United States, likely related to increasing cultural and legal acceptance of cannabis. While most cannabis users will not develop a CUD, certain behaviors may increase risk. For example, smoking to cope with anxiety or depressive disorders is associated with higher rates of cannabis use. Users who smoke to cope with these internalizing disorders (anxiety, depression) increase the addictive potential of cannabis. Systems that potentially maintain problematic use in people with internalizing disorders include the reward processing and the stress responsivity systems. Both exhibit neurobiological changes after chronic heavy cannabis use and are affected across internalizing disorders. The shared importance of these systems may warrant several recommendations for policy and practice. Some reexamine cannabis-related policy, invest in local communities, and improve cannabis education.","PeriodicalId":52185,"journal":{"name":"Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136093375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Contributions of Biobehavioral Sciences to the Study and Prevention of Firearm Violence: Perceived Threat, Cognitive Control, and Firearm Culture 生物行为科学对研究和预防枪支暴力的贡献:感知威胁、认知控制和枪支文化
Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/23727322231196498
Edelyn Verona, Melanie Bozzay, Craig J. Bryan
{"title":"Contributions of Biobehavioral Sciences to the Study and Prevention of Firearm Violence: Perceived Threat, Cognitive Control, and Firearm Culture","authors":"Edelyn Verona, Melanie Bozzay, Craig J. Bryan","doi":"10.1177/23727322231196498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23727322231196498","url":null,"abstract":"The study and prevention of firearm violence are clearly in the realm of psychology, yet the potential contributions of the biobehavioral sciences to the study of firearm violence are underexplored. Most biobehavioral research has identified individual-level vulnerabilities for violence more broadly, with less focus on how biological risk manifests in the context of firearm culture in particular. Reviewing the literature leads to two main insights: first, the nature of firearm acquisition in the United States (easy access, self-protection motives, and exaggerated perceptions of threat) can itself trigger biobehavioral processes (e.g., threat disruptions in cognitive control) representing a risk for firearm violence. Second, cutting-edge research using digital and biological phenotyping represents a potentially useful approach for tracking and forecasting the momentary risk of firearm violence among high-risk firearm carriers. Policy recommendations informed by the reviewed research can help improve prevention and intervention efforts.","PeriodicalId":52185,"journal":{"name":"Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences","volume":"105 10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136160214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Intersection of Racism and Neuroscience Technology: A Cautionary Tale for the Criminal Legal System 种族主义与神经科学技术的交集:刑事法律体系的警世故事
Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/23727322231196299
Emily R. Perkins, Daniel E. Bradford, Edelyn Verona, Roy H. Hamilton, Keanan J. Joyner
{"title":"The Intersection of Racism and Neuroscience Technology: A Cautionary Tale for the Criminal Legal System","authors":"Emily R. Perkins, Daniel E. Bradford, Edelyn Verona, Roy H. Hamilton, Keanan J. Joyner","doi":"10.1177/23727322231196299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23727322231196299","url":null,"abstract":"Neuroscience evidence is appealing as a means to increase “objectivity” and reduce racial disparities in the criminal legal system. However, increasing reliance on defendants’ brain data may instead maintain racial disparities while rendering biases invisible. First, neurobiological data are not any more objective than traditional psychological measures. Second, the complexity and inaccessibility of neuroscience undermines public understanding of what such data can actually say. Third, existing methodologies have limitations when working with hair types and skin colors that are socially coded as Black; these phenotypic biases reduce both the reliability of individual data and the representativeness of comparison groups, skewing interpretations of defendants’ brain data. More research is needed before neuroscience evidence can be considered more probative than prejudicial.","PeriodicalId":52185,"journal":{"name":"Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136160221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback for Mental Health Treatment: A Policy Brief 心理健康治疗的心率变异性生物反馈:政策摘要
IF 3.8
Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1177/23727322221144647
Sonya Kim
{"title":"Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback for Mental Health Treatment: A Policy Brief","authors":"Sonya Kim","doi":"10.1177/23727322221144647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23727322221144647","url":null,"abstract":"The WHO argues that a pharmacy-first approach should no longer be the reflexive treatment for mental health diagnoses. Heart rate variability biofeedback (HRVB) demonstrably treats various conditions—especially effective at regulating emotion, particularly managing and alleviating anger, stress, anxiety, and depression, common co-morbid diagnoses for rehabilitation medicine patients. HRVB trains users to study their biofeedback data in real time, alter bodily functions previously believed to be automatic, and garner health benefits. Despite convenience, relatively low cost, and empowering patients to manage their own symptoms, the current lack of reimbursability, and the lack of Phase III RCTs limit HRVB application. Ideally, the confidence of practitioners, patients, and insurers would follow the known efficacy of HRVB for the treatment of mental health conditions.","PeriodicalId":52185,"journal":{"name":"Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences","volume":"10 1","pages":"90 - 95"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43045449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Environmental Uncertainty and Substance Use Disorders: A Behavior Analytic Perspective. 环境不确定性与物质使用障碍:一个行为分析的视角
IF 3.8
Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences Pub Date : 2023-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-03-15 DOI: 10.1177/23727322231152451
William S Doyle, Sally L Huskinson
{"title":"Environmental Uncertainty and Substance Use Disorders: A Behavior Analytic Perspective.","authors":"William S Doyle, Sally L Huskinson","doi":"10.1177/23727322231152451","DOIUrl":"10.1177/23727322231152451","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Substance use disorder (SUD) and drug overdose deaths represent major economic, health, and safety issues in the United States. The psychology of uncertainty provides a mechanism for understanding, reducing, and controlling the damage from substance misuse. Illicit drugs (such as heroin or cocaine) are uncertain in their availability, quality, and acquisition (the time and effort required to obtain them) compared with nondrug-related alternatives (such as consumable goods, hobbies, or paychecks). Furthermore, the severity and likelihood of negative outcomes associated with drug use likewise are uncertain. Such uncertainties worsen substance use outcomes. The current review conveys what is known about the impact of uncertainty on substance use: laboratory investigations of uncertain time and effort required to obtain a substance and uncertain drug quality show uncertainty exacerbates harm. Furthermore, uncertain negative outcomes are not likely to deter substance use in individuals with a SUD. Finally, several policy implications include access to agonist medications; creating a safer drug supply; access to clean syringes/needles, naloxone, and safe-injection sites; and ending incarceration for substance use.</p>","PeriodicalId":52185,"journal":{"name":"Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences","volume":"10 1","pages":"96-103"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10978010/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47367440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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