{"title":"Optimization Using Backtracking Search Algorithm for the Design of Magnetron Anode Block and Pill-Box RF Window","authors":"Patibandla Anilkumar;Dobbidi Pamu;Tapeshwar Tiwari","doi":"10.1109/JMMCT.2023.3304970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMMCT.2023.3304970","url":null,"abstract":"Determining the design variables of the magnetron sub-assemblies using empirical equations is a challenge. In this article, with the help of the popular backtracking search algorithm (BSA), the bare anode block of the magnetron and pill-box RF window are designed at frequency of 2.998 GHz. The convergence results with BSA are validated with the harmony search algorithm (HSA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO). The optimized design variables of bare anode are hole radius (\u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$a$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000), slot length (\u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$l_{s}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000), slot width (\u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$W_{s}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000), and anode height (\u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$h_{a}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000) which are found to be 3.1, 2.9, 12.8, and 100 mm, respectively, and converge within 150 iterations with BSA. The optimized results are compared to simulated results which are nearly identical with a negligible relative difference of \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$pi$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000-mode is 1.08%. From the pill-box RF window design, multi-objective optimization is carried out to reach the desired frequency and to achieve minimized reflections by maximizing the bandwidth. The corresponding design variables dielectric thickness (\u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$t_{w}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000), cavity length (\u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$C_{l}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000), and cavity radius (\u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$C_{r}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000) which are 2.5, 30.4, and 41.5 mm, respectively. Pareto multi-objective BSA (PMBSA) is validated with the weighted sum approach (WSA). Due to its simplicity and lower latency, optimization approach is helpful to designers to develop the microwave devices.","PeriodicalId":52176,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal on Multiscale and Multiphysics Computational Techniques","volume":"8 ","pages":"314-321"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49962808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sami Barmada;Paolo Di Barba;Nunzia Fontana;Maria Evelina Mognaschi;Mauro Tucci
{"title":"Electromagnetic Field Reconstruction and Source Identification Using Conditional Variational Autoencoder and CNN","authors":"Sami Barmada;Paolo Di Barba;Nunzia Fontana;Maria Evelina Mognaschi;Mauro Tucci","doi":"10.1109/JMMCT.2023.3304709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMMCT.2023.3304709","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, a Deep Learning approach based on a Conditional Variational Autoencoder (CVAE) and a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) has been adopted for the solution of inverse problems and electromagnetic field reconstruction; the method is applied to the TEAM 35 benchmark magnetostatic problem. The aim of the proposed method is twofold: first, knowing the magnetic field distribution in a subdomain, the magnetic field distribution \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>${bm{B}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 in the whole domain is determined (field reconstruction problem). For this problem a CVAE is proposed and trained. The CVAE prediction is based on an optimization procedure in the latent space, which uses an automatic differentiation technique. Subsequently, knowing the magnetic field distribution in the whole domain, the aim is to find, using a CNN regression model, the geometrical characteristics of the source (source identification problem).","PeriodicalId":52176,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal on Multiscale and Multiphysics Computational Techniques","volume":"8 ","pages":"322-331"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49962809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Arman Afsari;Paulo de Souza;Amin Abbosh;Yahya Rahmat-Samii
{"title":"Lorentz-Invariant Meshless Vector Basis Function for Translational Motion of Coordinates in Computational Electromagnetics","authors":"Arman Afsari;Paulo de Souza;Amin Abbosh;Yahya Rahmat-Samii","doi":"10.1109/JMMCT.2023.3303813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMMCT.2023.3303813","url":null,"abstract":"Laws of physics remain unchanged under translational motion of coordinates. To guarantee the above postulate in electromagnetics, Lorenz gauge eliminates the additional terms generated in the wave equation of magnetic vector potential during translational motion. When it comes to computational electromagnetics, nonetheless, Coulomb gauge is still preferred to represent the divergence of the magnetic vector potential; the vector basis functions involved in the computation of magnetic vector potential are thus divergence-free. There is, however, an immediate consequence that we shall consider here. These vector basis functions cannot incorporate any kinematic transformation of the system of coordinates. The solution achieved by them is, therefore, invalid under translational motion of the system of coordinates as a whole. Less attention has been paid to this side of computational electromagnetics, as the problems that we solve do not usually undergo any kinematic transformation. The new meshless vector basis function presented in this article is Lorentz-invariant. The solution achieved by it is, therefore, valid under translational motion. Even in local problems, the solution achieved by the newly-introduced Lorentz-invariant vector basis function demonstrates more accuracy and efficiency with respect to the solution achieved by the divergence-free vector basis functions in meshless method.","PeriodicalId":52176,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal on Multiscale and Multiphysics Computational Techniques","volume":"8 ","pages":"281-295"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49962914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Accurate Prediction of Measured Microwave-Induced Thermoacoustic Signals via Multiphysics Simulations Augmented With an Acoustic Detection System Transfer Function","authors":"Audrey L. Evans;Chu Ma;Susan C. Hagness","doi":"10.1109/JMMCT.2023.3303871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMMCT.2023.3303871","url":null,"abstract":"Multiphysics simulation tools for modeling the generation and propagation of microwave-induced thermoacoustic (TA) signals aid in the development of emerging applications in medical imaging and communications. Simulation models of microwave-induced TA signals that lack consideration of the impact of the acoustic detection system result in a mismatch in the temporal characteristics of simulated and measured TA signals. We address this discrepancy by introducing an acoustic detection system transfer function that captures the combined effects of the ultrasound transducer and the acoustic signal filtering/amplification system and can be applied to simulated signals to improve their predictive accuracy. We determine the transfer function of a microwave-induced TA signal measurement system by comparing simulated and measured TA signals in a training testbed. We apply this transfer function to a set of simulated TA signals obtained from a performance evaluation testbed (differing from the training testbed) and compare to measured TA signals from that same testing scenario. We show that this technique resolves a long-standing discrepancy between simulation and experiment. Our proposed methodology for determining the acoustic detection system transfer function can be extended to other acoustic detection applications that require high-fidelity simulation models.","PeriodicalId":52176,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal on Multiscale and Multiphysics Computational Techniques","volume":"8 ","pages":"306-313"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49962916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reduced Order Modeling for Parameterized Electromagnetic Simulation Based on Tensor Decomposition","authors":"Xiao-Feng He;Liang Li;Stéphane Lanteri;Kun Li","doi":"10.1109/JMMCT.2023.3301978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMMCT.2023.3301978","url":null,"abstract":"We present a data-driven surrogate modeling for parameterized electromagnetic simulation. This method extracts a set of reduced basis (RB) functions from full-order solutions through a two-step proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) method. A mapping from the time/parameter to the principal components of the projection coefficients, extracted by canonical polyadic decomposition (CPD), is approximated by a cubic spline interpolation (CSI) approach. The reduced-order model (ROM) is trained in the offline phase, while the RB solution of a new time/parameter value is recovered fast during the online phase. We evaluate the performance of the proposed method with numerical tests for the scattering of a plane wave by a 2-D multi-layer dielectric disk and a 3-D multi-layer dielectric sphere.","PeriodicalId":52176,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal on Multiscale and Multiphysics Computational Techniques","volume":"8 ","pages":"296-305"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49962915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fahimeh Sepehripour;Bastiaan P. de Hon;Martijn C. van Beurden
{"title":"Multi-Mode Analysis of Scattering by Bodies of Revolutions via the Combined-Field Integral Equation","authors":"Fahimeh Sepehripour;Bastiaan P. de Hon;Martijn C. van Beurden","doi":"10.1109/JMMCT.2023.3297926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMMCT.2023.3297926","url":null,"abstract":"The numerical simulation of electromagnetic scattering by PEC bodies of revolution (BORs) involves computing the modal Green functions (MGFs) arising in the electric field integral equation (EFIE) and magnetic field integral equation (EFIE) for a large number of modes. We achieve this by employing five-term recurrence relations that enable the accurate and efficient computation of the MGFs for a large sequence of modes. The computation time of the five-term recurrence relations is decreased by proper truncation of the associated infinite-dimensional matrix representations. The EFIE and MFIE are then employed together in the combined-field integral equation (CFIE), which overcomes the interior resonance problem that occurs in the electromagnetic scattering by PEC BORs with closed geometries. The performance of the proposed technique is validated by analyzing the scattering of modest to large-size PEC bodies of revolution.","PeriodicalId":52176,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal on Multiscale and Multiphysics Computational Techniques","volume":"8 ","pages":"252-260"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49981548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Accuracy Analysis of Div-Conforming Hierarchical Higher-Order Discretization Schemes for the Magnetic Field Integral Equation","authors":"Jonas Kornprobst;Thomas F. Eibert","doi":"10.1109/JMMCT.2023.3297548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMMCT.2023.3297548","url":null,"abstract":"The magnetic field surface integral equation for perfect electrically conducting scatterers suffers from accuracy problems when discretized with lowest-order Rao-Wilton-Glisson (RWG) functions. For high-frequency scattering scenarios, one of the various reported countermeasures are hierarchical higher-order (HO) functions. We demonstrate that the accuracy of these HO methods of up to 1.5th order may be further improved by employing a weak-form discretization scheme for the identity operator inside the magnetic field integral equation (MFIE), in particular for scatterers with sharp edges. As expected, the presented numerical results indicate that this approach becomes less effective for increasing order. Moreover, since the weak-form discretization overcomes only the anisotropy problems of the standard discretizations, parts of the accuracy problems of the MFIE persist for HO discretizations if the testing is performed with non dual-space conforming functions.","PeriodicalId":52176,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal on Multiscale and Multiphysics Computational Techniques","volume":"8 ","pages":"261-268"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49988902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Rapid Flux Concentration Factor Determination for Halbach Array Based PM Rotors Using Composite FE Based Method","authors":"Sharankumar Shastri;Bhim Singh","doi":"10.1109/JMMCT.2023.3292979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMMCT.2023.3292979","url":null,"abstract":"Conventional empirical-formulae (CEF) based permanent magnet (PM) motor design employs the use of several assumptions in the form of magnetic material non-linearity, air-gap and magnet reluctances derived from assumed leakage factors leading to the incorrect estimation of air-gap flux densities. This problem is much more prevalent in various forms of hybrid PM magnetization topologies such as Halbach array based PM (HAPM) or Halbach array based consequent pole based PM (HACPPM) rotors. In order to improve the air-gap magnetic flux density estimation using the CEF design method, a flux density adjustment factor is proposed in this work, which utilizes a look-up table formed upon a reduced electromagnetic finite-element simulation search space to improve the accuracy of flux density estimation in both Halbach and Consequent-Halbach PM rotors using the flux concentration factor (FCF). First, the derivation of the FCF is introduced. Then the effectiveness of the FCF + CEF method is analyzed quantitatively, in comparison with conventional CEF and 2D-FE (electromagnetic) methods and performance is analyzed.","PeriodicalId":52176,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal on Multiscale and Multiphysics Computational Techniques","volume":"8 ","pages":"241-251"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49981547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multiscale EMC Modeling, Simulation, and Validation of a Synchronous Step-Down DC-DC Converter","authors":"Rajen Murugan;Jie Chen;Ambreesh Tripathi;Bibhu Prasad Nayak;Harikiran Muniganti;Dipanjan Gope","doi":"10.1109/JMMCT.2023.3276358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMMCT.2023.3276358","url":null,"abstract":"The proliferation of power electronics in automotive and industrial applications raises compliance challenges in meeting electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) regulatory standards. In this work, we develop a robust multiscale system-level modeling and simulation methodology for predicting CISPR 25 conducted emission (CE) and radiated emission (RE). The method is based on a novel two-stage process. In the first stage, the IC model is generated either by non-linear time-domain simulation using a device-level physics model or oscilloscope measurements if a prototype is available. In the second stage, the IC model waveforms are used in a simulation environment comprising 3D full-wave frequency domain analysis and specially prepared macro-models for the laboratory equipment. Silicon validation of CISPR 25 EMC measurements on a “low-EMI,” high-performance DCDC automotive/industrial synchronous step-down converter is presented to validate the integrity of the predictive modeling methodology. Good correlations between modeling and EMC-certified testing laboratory emission measurements are achieved (i.e., within +/- 3 dBuV for CE and +/- 6 dBuV for RE). As a result, the predictive EMC modeling methodology can be implemented, early in the design cycle, to ensure first-pass EMC-compliant design.","PeriodicalId":52176,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal on Multiscale and Multiphysics Computational Techniques","volume":"8 ","pages":"269-280"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49962913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mixed-Potential Integral Equation (MPIE) Formulation for Arbitrarily Shaped Conducting Objects in Plane-Stratified Uniaxial Media—A New Look","authors":"Krzysztof A. Michalski","doi":"10.1109/JMMCT.2023.3271290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMMCT.2023.3271290","url":null,"abstract":"A new, direct and succinct derivation is presented of the mixed-potential integral equation (MPIE) for arbitrarily shaped conducting objects in plane-stratified, multilayered, uniaxial media. The vector and scalar potential MPIE kernels are expressed in terms of the voltage and current Green functions of the spectral-domain transmission-line network analog of the medium along the axis perpendicular to the stratification.","PeriodicalId":52176,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal on Multiscale and Multiphysics Computational Techniques","volume":"8 ","pages":"225-232"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49981545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}