{"title":"The Candlin Lecture Communicative expertise: The mutation of expertise and expert systems in contemporary professional practice","authors":"S. Sarangi","doi":"10.1558/JAPL.37507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/JAPL.37507","url":null,"abstract":"In this conceptual paper, I begin with a differentiation between generic 'competence' and professional 'expertise', the latter being manifest at the communicative level. I characterise professional expertise more broadly to include 'communicative expertise' as well as 'distributed expertise'. With regard to decision-making, expertise is no longer seen as an attribute of individuals deriving from scientific knowledge and practical experience. Instead, 'distributed expertise' in its mediated format underpins decisionmaking in many professional and institutional settings. I then extend the notion of 'distributed expertise' as constitutive of 'lay expertise' and 'expert systems'. Access to and use of 'expert systems' in optimal ways inevitably reconfigures the very conditions and consequences of professional expertise. I argue that 'communicative expertise' in professional practice comprises not only knowledge/skill about the mechanics of communication but also the channels through which the other types of knowledge/skill (including scientific, experiential, relational, technological, organisational, legal and ethical) are communicated in real-life settings.","PeriodicalId":52122,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Linguistics and Professional Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42585812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Editorial: Researching and impacting professional practice","authors":"S. Sarangi, M. Coulthard","doi":"10.1558/JAPL.37505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/JAPL.37505","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52122,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Linguistics and Professional Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47017007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Introduction","authors":"S. Sarangi","doi":"10.1558/japl.37508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/japl.37508","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52122,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Linguistics and Professional Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44225207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Interview: Intended and unintended influences in the shaping of (inter)disciplinary practice: A conversation between Aaron Cicourel and Srikant Sarangi","authors":"A. Cicourel, S. Sarangi","doi":"10.1558/JAPL.37506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/JAPL.37506","url":null,"abstract":"This conversation was recorded during the Applied Linguistics and Professional Practice (ALAPP) conference at Ghent University, Belgium, 21–23 November 2017. At this event, a special colloquium was dedicated to the work of Aaron Cicourel.","PeriodicalId":52122,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Linguistics and Professional Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43702925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Identifying points of convergence between trained and ‘natural’ interpreters for public services","authors":"Leticia Santamaría Ciordia","doi":"10.1558/jalpp.37240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/jalpp.37240","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52122,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Linguistics and Professional Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41767648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Responding responsibly: Ideological, interactional, and professional responsibilities in survey responses about multilingualism at work","authors":"F. Hiss","doi":"10.1558/jalpp.33801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/jalpp.33801","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52122,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Linguistics and Professional Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47199426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Between legal and social truths: The management of intertextual gaps in the construction of narrative authority in a US mock trial competition","authors":"J. Chu","doi":"10.1558/JALPP.32165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/JALPP.32165","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores how US law students learn to manage ‘intertextuality’, or the circulation of words, phrases, and conversations across diverse contexts of language use, as an effective communication tool in a mock trial competition. Using discourse and conversation analytical methods to identify the communication strategies used by a law student in one such competition, I argue that law students learn two intertextual strategies that link courtroom discourse with both institutional and social sources of textual authority. On the one hand, they minimize what may be called ‘intertextual gaps’ to project the institutional authority of official texts such as sworn depositions; and conversely, they maximize ‘intertextual gaps’ to perform commonly recognizable social conversations with witnesses and jurors. By learning various intertextual strategies in mock trials, law students learn to build a coherent narrative in the courtroom out of a heterogeneous mixture of legal and social texts, bringing together the institutional and social worlds that these texts conjure up. As law students learn to shift between legal and social conversations in the courtroom, they realize the power of legal institutions to reproduce and legitimize dominant social hierarchies.","PeriodicalId":52122,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Linguistics and Professional Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41846826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The colon title in complementary and alternative medicine articles (1995–2016): Content, context, authorship and rhetorical functions","authors":"B. Lewin, F. Salager-Meyer, M. Briceño","doi":"10.1558/jalpp.34990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/jalpp.34990","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52122,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Linguistics and Professional Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46738562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Disciplinary positioning struggles: Perspectives from early career academics","authors":"Sixian Hah","doi":"10.1558/JALPP.32820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/JALPP.32820","url":null,"abstract":"With no existing panel for applied linguistics at the last Research Excellence Framework (REF) in 2014, academics working in this field in the UK struggle to position their work and themselves as researchers. Yet, gaining recognition for one’s expertise and positioning oneself in disciplinary terms are rites of passage for all academic researchers. This paper agues that disciplines, rather than being clearly defined and static areas of knowledge, are instead constituted and demarcated through the enactment of discursive practices. Focusing on qualitative research interviews with three early career academics out of a corpus of 30 interviews with academics from various career stages, and informed by ideas from Bakhtinian polyphony and positioning theory, I demonstrate how these academics often resist positions imposed on them by unnamed voices in larger discourses which constitute mainstream expectations about academia. The findings highlight how respondents’ struggles to position their research relate to changing institutional demands in the current climate of higher education in the UK. This paper also contributes to our understanding of disciplinary positioning as enacted through the qualitative research interview.","PeriodicalId":52122,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Linguistics and Professional Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46913372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Patient participation, authority and understanding – A case study of communication patterns in a geriatric consultation","authors":"Ulla Hellström Muhli, B. Saferstein, Eleni Siouta","doi":"10.1558/jalpp.34131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/jalpp.34131","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The objective is to examine communication patterns in the discourse that emerges between a female geriatric patient and a pharmacist in the context of using an inhaler. This analysis is ...","PeriodicalId":52122,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Linguistics and Professional Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41691335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}