The Candlin Lecture Communicative expertise: The mutation of expertise and expert systems in contemporary professional practice

Q2 Arts and Humanities

Journal of Applied Linguistics and Professional Practice Pub Date : 2018-10-31 DOI:10.1558/JAPL.37507

S. Sarangi

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引用次数: 4

Abstract

In this conceptual paper, I begin with a differentiation between generic 'competence' and professional 'expertise', the latter being manifest at the communicative level. I characterise professional expertise more broadly to include 'communicative expertise' as well as 'distributed expertise'. With regard to decision-making, expertise is no longer seen as an attribute of individuals deriving from scientific knowledge and practical experience. Instead, 'distributed expertise' in its mediated format underpins decisionmaking in many professional and institutional settings. I then extend the notion of 'distributed expertise' as constitutive of 'lay expertise' and 'expert systems'. Access to and use of 'expert systems' in optimal ways inevitably reconfigures the very conditions and consequences of professional expertise. I argue that 'communicative expertise' in professional practice comprises not only knowledge/skill about the mechanics of communication but also the channels through which the other types of knowledge/skill (including scientific, experiential, relational, technological, organisational, legal and ethical) are communicated in real-life settings.

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Candlin讲座交际专业知识：当代专业实践中专业知识和专家系统的突变

在这篇概念性的论文中，我首先区分了一般的“能力”和专业的“专业知识”，后者在交际层面表现得很明显。我更广泛地描述专业知识，包括“交流专业知识”和“分布式专业知识”。关于决策，专业知识不再被视为个人从科学知识和实践经验中获得的属性。相反，“分布式专业知识”以其中介形式支撑着许多专业和机构环境中的决策。然后，我将“分布式专业知识”的概念扩展为“外行专业知识”和“专家系统”的组成部分。以最佳方式获得和使用“专家系统”不可避免地会重新配置专业知识的条件和后果。我认为，专业实践中的“沟通专业知识”不仅包括有关沟通机制的知识/技能，还包括在现实生活中沟通其他类型的知识/技巧（包括科学、经验、关系、技术、组织、法律和道德）的渠道。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of Applied Linguistics and Professional Practice Arts and Humanities-Language and Linguistics

CiteScore

0.70

自引率

0.00%

发文量

期刊介绍： The Journal of Applied Linguistics and Professional Practice was launched in 2004 (under the title Journal of Applied Linguistics) with the aim of advancing research and practice in applied linguistics as a principled and interdisciplinary endeavour. From Volume 7, the journal adopted the new title to reflect the continuation, expansion and re-specification of the field of applied linguistics as originally conceived. Moving away from a primary focus on research into language teaching/learning and second language acquisition, the education profession will remain a key site but one among many, with an active engagement of the journal moving to sites from a variety of other professional domains such as law, healthcare, counselling, journalism, business interpreting and translating, where applied linguists have major contributions to make. Accordingly, under the new title, the journal will reflexively foreground applied linguistics as professional practice. As before, each volume will contain a selection of special features such as editorials, specialist conversations, debates and dialogues on specific methodological themes, review articles, research notes and targeted special issues addressing key themes.