The MAK collection for occupational health and safety最新文献

{"title":"Mycotoxins - Determination of deoxynivalenol and deepoxydeoxynivalenol in urine by LC-MS/MS: Biomonitoring Method - Translation of the German version from 2025.","authors":"Marion Berger, Lennart Marske, Bernhard Monien, Solveigh Siodlaczek, Thomas Göen, Andrea Hartwig","doi":"10.34865/bi5148110e10_2or","DOIUrl":"10.34865/bi5148110e10_2or","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The working group \"Analyses in Biological Materials\" of the German Senate Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area (MAK Commission) developed and verified the presented biomonitoring method. The aim of this method is the selective and sensitive quantitation of deoxynivalenol (DON; free DON plus glucuronides not otherwise specified) and its metabolite deepoxydeoxynivalenol (DOM‑1) in urine. After enzymatic hydrolysis of the urine sample and purification of the analytes on an immunoaffinity column, followed by preconcentration of the eluates under a stream of nitrogen, determination is carried out by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC‑MS/MS). Calibration is performed with comparative standards prepared in urine and treated analogously to the samples to be analysed. DON is quantified using an internal standard (ISTD; ¹³C₁₅‑DON), whereas DOM‑1 is quantified without the use of an ISTD. Good precision data with standard deviations below 9% for DON and below 6% for DOM‑1, as well as good accuracy data with mean relative recoveries in the range of 93-114% for DON and 97-103% for DOM‑1, show that the method provides reliable and accurate analytical results. The method is both selective and sensitive, and has a limit of quantitation of 0.179 μg/l for DON and of 0.26 μg/l for DOM‑1. Due to rapid renal excretion, the method is primarily suitable for analysing acute exposure which occurred only hours prior to sampling.</p>","PeriodicalId":521214,"journal":{"name":"The MAK collection for occupational health and safety","volume":"10 2","pages":"Doc046"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12443215/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147680052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mykotoxine – Bestimmung von Deoxynivalenol und Deepoxydeoxynivalenol in Urin mittels LC-MS/MS: Biomonitoring-Methode.","authors":"Marion Berger, Lennart Marske, Bernhard Monien, Solveigh Siodlaczek, Thomas Göen, Andrea Hartwig","doi":"10.34865/bi5148110d10_2or","DOIUrl":"10.34865/bi5148110d10_2or","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":521214,"journal":{"name":"The MAK collection for occupational health and safety","volume":"10 2","pages":"Doc044"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12443062/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146055993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"4-(2-Nitrobutyl)morpholin und 4,4′-(2-Ethyl-2-nitro-1,3-propandiyl)bismorpholin: MAK-Begründung, Nachtrag.","authors":"Andrea Hartwig","doi":"10.34865/mb222444kmxd10_2ad","DOIUrl":"10.34865/mb222444kmxd10_2ad","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":521214,"journal":{"name":"The MAK collection for occupational health and safety","volume":"10 2","pages":"Doc026"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12443061/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146055988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paraquat dichloride: MAK Value Documentation, addendum - Translation of the German version from 2023.","authors":"Andrea Hartwig","doi":"10.34865/mb191042e10_2ad","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34865/mb191042e10_2ad","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Paraquat dichloride [1910-42-5] is used as a herbicide but is no longer approved in the European Union. The previous MAK value documentations and addenda do not reflect the current data situation of the substance. The MAK Commission decided that a new evaluation is not of high priority. The MAK value and the other classifications are therefore suspended and the substance is listed in the Section II c of the List of MAK and BAT Values for substances no longer evaluated.</p>","PeriodicalId":521214,"journal":{"name":"The MAK collection for occupational health and safety","volume":"10 2","pages":"Doc035"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12462656/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146055990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"4-Methyl-3-penten-2-on – Bestimmung von 4-Methyl-3-penten-2-on (Mesityloxid) in der Luft am Arbeitsplatz mittels Hochleistungsflüssigkeits­chromatographie (HPLC-DAD): Luftanalysen-Methode.","authors":"Lutz Nitschke, Adela Frenzen, Dietmar Breuer, Ralph Hebisch, Andrea Hartwig","doi":"10.34865/am14179d10_2or","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34865/am14179d10_2or","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":521214,"journal":{"name":"The MAK collection for occupational health and safety","volume":"10 2","pages":"Doc040"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12443144/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146055991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trichlorobenzene (all isomers): MAK Value Documentation, addendum - Translation of the German version from 2022.","authors":"Andrea Hartwig","doi":"10.34865/mb1200248isme10_2ad","DOIUrl":"10.34865/mb1200248isme10_2ad","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The German Senate Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area (MAK Commission) has re-evaluated the occupational exposure limit value (maximum concentration at the workplace, MAK value) of trichlorobenzene isomers (1,2,3-trichlorobenzene [87-61-6], 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene [120-82-1] and 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene [108-70-3]) considering all toxicological end points. Relevant studies were identified from a literature search and also unpublished study reports were used. The critical effects of the trichlorobenzenes are adverse effects on the livers of mice and rats and on the kidneys of rats. These effects were more pronounced after exposure to 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene with the rat being the most sensitive species. However, as the isomers all have a similar primary toxicological mode of action and follow similar metabolic pathways, they have been evaluated together. After exposure to 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, liver toxicity was manifest in rats and mice as increased liver weights and histological changes in the liver were preceded by an induction of metabolic enzymes. The most sensitive end point, a disruption of porphyrin biosynthesis, was observed in a 90-day inhalation study in rats with a NOAEC of 3 ml/m³. On this basis, the maximum concentration at the workplace (MAK value) has been set at 0.5 ml/m³. As the critical effect of the trichlorobenzenes is systemic, Peak Limitation Category II has been assigned with an excursion factor of 2. The trichlorobenzenes are not genotoxic. The neoplasms detected in rats and mice in carcinogenicity studies with 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene are considered to be of no human relevance. In rats, the NOAEC for developmental toxicity was 840 mg/m³ for 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene and 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene and 420 mg/m³ for 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene. The NOAEC for perinatal toxicity was 54 mg/m³ for 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene. As no teratogenicity was observed and the margins between the NOAECs and the MAK value are sufficiently large, the trichlorobenzenes have been assigned to Pregnancy Risk Group C. Data for skin sensitizing effects are limited to experiments performed with 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene that confirmed the induction of sensitizing effects. Therefore, only 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene has been designated with \"Sh\". There are no data for sensitization of the respiratory tract. According to skin absorption models, 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene is expected to be taken up via the skin in toxicologically relevant amounts. Therefore, all trichlorobenzenes remain designated with \"H\".</p>","PeriodicalId":521214,"journal":{"name":"The MAK collection for occupational health and safety","volume":"10 2","pages":"Doc036"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12462665/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146055596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Triglyceride (Palmkernöl): MAK-Begründung, Nachtrag.","authors":"Andrea Hartwig","doi":"10.34865/mbtriglykskd10_2ad","DOIUrl":"10.34865/mbtriglykskd10_2ad","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":521214,"journal":{"name":"The MAK collection for occupational health and safety","volume":"10 2","pages":"Doc028"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12443143/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146055811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>N</i>,<i>N′</i>,<i>N′′</i>-Triethylhexahydro-1,3,5-triazin: MAK-Begründung, Nachtrag.","authors":"Andrea Hartwig","doi":"10.34865/mb777927kskd10_2ad","DOIUrl":"10.34865/mb777927kskd10_2ad","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":521214,"journal":{"name":"The MAK collection for occupational health and safety","volume":"10 2","pages":"Doc027"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12443066/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146056000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mykotoxine – Bestimmung von Aflatoxinen, Ochratoxin A, freiem Ochratoxin <i>α</i>, Gliotoxin, Citrinin und Dihydrocitrinon in Urin mittels LC-MS/MS: Biomonitoring-Methode.","authors":"Marion Berger, Max Deharde, Judith Neuhoff, Bernhard Monien, Solveigh Siodlaczek, Thomas Göen, Andrea Hartwig","doi":"10.34865/bi116265d10_2or","DOIUrl":"10.34865/bi116265d10_2or","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":521214,"journal":{"name":"The MAK collection for occupational health and safety","volume":"10 2","pages":"Doc043"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12443145/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147679985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trichloronitromethane: MAK Value Documentation, addendum - Translation of the German version from 2023.","authors":"Andrea Hartwig","doi":"10.34865/mb7606e10_2ad","DOIUrl":"10.34865/mb7606e10_2ad","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Trichloronitromethane (chloropicrin) [76-06-2] is used as a soil fumigant. It is no longer approved in the European Union. The previous MAK value documentation and addendum do not reflect the current data situation of the substance. The MAK Commission decided that a new evaluation is not of high priority. The MAK value and the other classifications are therefore suspended and the substance is listed in the Section II c of the List of MAK and BAT Values for substances no longer evaluated.</p>","PeriodicalId":521214,"journal":{"name":"The MAK collection for occupational health and safety","volume":"10 2","pages":"Doc037"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12462661/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146047754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}