The MAK collection for occupational health and safety最新文献

{"title":"Benzophenon-3: MAK-Begründung.","authors":"Andrea Hartwig","doi":"10.34865/mb13157d11_2or","DOIUrl":"10.34865/mb13157d11_2or","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":521214,"journal":{"name":"The MAK collection for occupational health and safety","volume":"11 2","pages":"Doc020"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13510973/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148836136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parathion: MAK Value Documentation, addendum - Translation of the German version from 2024.","authors":"Andrea Hartwig","doi":"10.34865/mb5638e11_2ad","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34865/mb5638e11_2ad","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Parathion [56-38-2] is used as an insecticide and acaricide. It is no longer approved in the European Union. The previous MAK Value documentation and addenda do not reflect the current data situation of the substance. The MAK Commissiondecided that a new evaluation is not of high priority. The MAK value and the other classifications are therefore suspended and the substance is listed in the Section II c of the List of MAK and BAT Values for substances no longer evaluated.</p>","PeriodicalId":521214,"journal":{"name":"The MAK collection for occupational health and safety","volume":"11 2","pages":"Doc035"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13510865/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148835878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"2-Butoxyethanol: MAK-Begründung, Nachtrag.","authors":"Andrea Hartwig","doi":"10.34865/mb11176d11_2ad","DOIUrl":"10.34865/mb11176d11_2ad","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":521214,"journal":{"name":"The MAK collection for occupational health and safety","volume":"11 2","pages":"Doc021"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13510842/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148836157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acetoin: MAK-Begründung.","authors":"Andrea Hartwig","doi":"10.34865/mb51386d11_1or","DOIUrl":"10.34865/mb51386d11_1or","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":521214,"journal":{"name":"The MAK collection for occupational health and safety","volume":"11 1","pages":"Doc001"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13502089/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148814971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decaboran: MAK-Begründung, Nachtrag.","authors":"Andrea Hartwig","doi":"10.34865/mb1770241d11_1ad","DOIUrl":"10.34865/mb1770241d11_1ad","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":521214,"journal":{"name":"The MAK collection for occupational health and safety","volume":"11 1","pages":"Doc004"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13502067/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148815256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tebuconazole and penconazole - Determination of TEB-OH, TEB-COOH, PEN-OH, and PEN-COOH in urine by LC-MS/MS: Biomonitoring Method - Translation of the German version from 2026.","authors":"Elisa Polledri, Rosa Mercadante, Silvia Fustinoni, Laura Kuhlmann, Thomas Göen, Andrea Hartwig","doi":"10.34865/bi10753496e11_1or","DOIUrl":"10.34865/bi10753496e11_1or","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The working group \"Analyses in Biological Materials\" of the German Senate Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area (MAK Commission) developed and verified this biomonitoring method for the measurement of the most important urinary metabolites of the triazole fungicides tebuconazole and penconazole. Specifically, this method determines (<i>RS</i>)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-3-(1<i>H</i>-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-pentanediol (TEB-OH) and (<i>RS</i>)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-3-(1<i>H</i>-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)-3-olpentanoic acid (TEB-COOH) as well as 4-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-[1,2,4]-triazol-1-ylpentanol (PEN-OH) and 4-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-[1,2,4]-triazol-1-ylpentanoic acid (PEN-COOH) in urine. After adding isotope-labelled internal standards, the samples are enzymatically hydrolysed to release the analytes from the glucuronide and sulfate conjugates. After online purification, the analytes are separated by liquid chromatography and analysed using tandem mass spectrometry. Calibration is performed using calibration standards prepared in pooled urine and processed analogously to the samples to be analysed. The method provides reliable and accurate analytical results, as shown by the good precision data with standard deviations in the range of 0.1-10.7%. Good accuracy data were obtained with mean relative recoveries in the range of 100-107%. The method is selective, sensitive, and provides quantitation limits of 0.3 μg/l for TEB-OH and TEB-COOH and of 1.0 μg/l for PEN-OH and PEN-COOH.</p>","PeriodicalId":521214,"journal":{"name":"The MAK collection for occupational health and safety","volume":"11 1","pages":"Doc019"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13502083/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148815417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"1,3-Dichlorbenzol – Evaluierung eines Biologischen Leitwertes (BLW): Beurteilungswerte in biologischem Material.","authors":"Andrea Kaifie, Wobbeke Weistenhöfer, Thomas Kraus, Hans Drexler, Andrea Hartwig","doi":"10.34865/bb54173d11_1or","DOIUrl":"10.34865/bb54173d11_1or","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":521214,"journal":{"name":"The MAK collection for occupational health and safety","volume":"11 1","pages":"Doc015"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13502064/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148815475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beryllium - Determination of beryllium and its inorganic compounds in workplace air using atomic absorption spectrometry (GF-AAS): Air Monitoring Method.","authors":"Katrin Pitzke, Uta Lewin-Kretzschmar, Ralph Hebisch, Andrea Hartwig","doi":"10.34865/am744041e11_1or","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34865/am744041e11_1or","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This analytical method is a validated measurement procedure for the determination of the respirable particle fraction of beryllium [7440-41-7] and its inorganic compounds in workplace air after personal or stationary sampling. Sampling is performed by drawing a defined volume of air through a nitrocellulose membrane filter using a suitable flow-regulated pump. After acid digestion, beryllium and its inorganic compounds retained on the filter are analysed using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. The relative limit of quantification (LOQ) is 0.0013 µg Be/m³ for an air sample volume of 1.2 m³. The mean recoveries for beryllium metal and for beryllium from beryllium oxide are 100.1% and 97.1%, respectively. The concentration-dependent expanded measurement uncertainty is 17% to 19% for the respirable und 14% to 16% for the inhalable particle fraction. This analytical method has been accredited by the accident insurance companies for the detection of substances in workplace air that are carcinogenic, mutagenic or toxic to reproduction. This method has been tested and recommended for the determination of beryllium and its inorganic compounds in work areas by the German Social Accident Insurance (DGUV).</p>","PeriodicalId":521214,"journal":{"name":"The MAK collection for occupational health and safety","volume":"11 1","pages":"Doc017"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13617399/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149077500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"1,3-Dimethylol-5,5-dimethylhydantoin: MAK-Begründung, Nachtrag.","authors":"Andrea Hartwig","doi":"10.34865/mb644058kskd11_1ad","DOIUrl":"10.34865/mb644058kskd11_1ad","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":521214,"journal":{"name":"The MAK collection for occupational health and safety","volume":"11 1","pages":"Doc005"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13502082/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148814842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"2-(Propyloxy)ethyl acetate: MAK Value Documentation, addendum - Translation of the German version from 2024.","authors":"Andrea Hartwig","doi":"10.34865/mb280730e11_1ad","DOIUrl":"10.34865/mb280730e11_1ad","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The German Senate Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area (MAK Commission) re-evaluated the occupational exposure limit value (maximum concentration at the workplace, MAK value) for 2-(propyloxy)ethyl acetate (2-propoxyethyl acetate) [20706-25-6] considering all toxicological end points. 2-(Propyloxy)ethyl acetate is a haemolytic and irritant glycol ether acetate. Relevant studies were identified from a literature search. The haemolytic activity of 2-(propyloxy)ethyl acetate in vivo and data from other glycol ether acetates suggest that it is probably metabolized to 2-(propyloxy)ethanol. The haemolytic activity of both compounds is mediated by the corresponding alkoxy acid; in vitro, it was lower in human erythrocytes than in rat erythrocytes. The critical effect identified in a subchronic study in rats was irritation. A NOAEC (no observed adverse effect concentration) was not obtained. The systemic NOAEC relevant for humans is 211 ml/m³. In analogy to 2-(propyloxy)ethanol, the MAK value of 2-(propyloxy)ethyl acetate has been lowered to 10 ml/m³. This exposure limit protects workers also against systemic toxicity. The substance remains assigned to Peak Limitation Category I with an excursion factor of 2. The Commission has re-evaluated a prenatal toxicity study in rats, deriving a NOAEC for developmental toxicity of 200 ml/m³. The margin between the NOAEC and the MAK value is sufficient even after considering the increased respiratory volume at the workplace. Therefore, damage to the embryo or foetus is unlikely if the MAK value is not exceeded and 2-(propyloxy)ethyl acetate remains assigned to Pregnancy Risk Group C. Studies investigating the genotoxic and carcinogenic potential are not available. Percutaneous absorption can contribute significantly to systemic toxicity and 2-(propyloxy)ethyl acetate remains designated with the \"H\" notation. In a screening study with guinea pigs, no evidence of a skin sensitizing potential was observed.</p>","PeriodicalId":521214,"journal":{"name":"The MAK collection for occupational health and safety","volume":"11 1","pages":"Doc014"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13502069/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148814949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}