The MAK collection for occupational health and safety最新文献

{"title":"Naphtha (petroleum), hydrotreated heavy: MAK Value Documentation, addendum - Translation of the German version from 2025.","authors":"Andrea Hartwig","doi":"10.34865/mb6474248yole11_1ad","DOIUrl":"10.34865/mb6474248yole11_1ad","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The German Senate Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area (MAK Commission) summarized and re-evaluated the data for the derivation of the occupational exposure limit value (maximum concentration at the workplace, MAK value) for naphtha (petroleum), hydrotreated heavy [64742-48-9]. Relevant studies were identified from a literature search and also unpublished study reports were used. The critical effect is preclinical neurotoxicity. The results of a 13-week study with an isoparaffinic product in rats and a behavioural toxicity study in volunteers do not contradict the previous MAK value of 50 ml/m³. The assignment to Peak Limitation Category II with an excursion factor of 2 is retained. Additionally, there are no experimental data showing that juvenile animals are more sensitive to naphtha-induced neurotoxic effects than adults. Therefore, there is no evidence that would require changing the previous categorization from Pregnancy Risk Group D to Pregnancy Risk Group B (suspected).</p>","PeriodicalId":521214,"journal":{"name":"The MAK collection for occupational health and safety","volume":"11 1","pages":"Doc013"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13502075/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148815385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tebuconazol und Penconazol – Bestimmung von TEB-OH, TEB-COOH, PEN-OH und PEN-COOH in Urin mittels LC-MS/MS: Biomonitoring-Methode.","authors":"Elisa Polledri, Rosa Mercadante, Silvia Fustinoni, Laura Kuhlmann, Thomas Göen, Andrea Hartwig","doi":"10.34865/bi10753496d11_1or","DOIUrl":"10.34865/bi10753496d11_1or","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":521214,"journal":{"name":"The MAK collection for occupational health and safety","volume":"11 1","pages":"Doc018"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13502078/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148815407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"1,3-Dichlorobenzene - Evaluation of a biological guidance value (BLW): Assessment Values in Biological Material - Translation of the German version from 2026.","authors":"Andrea Kaifie, Wobbeke Weistenhöfer, Thomas Kraus, Hans Drexler, Andrea Hartwig","doi":"10.34865/bb54173e11_1or","DOIUrl":"10.34865/bb54173e11_1or","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 2025, the German Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area has evaluated a biological guidance value (BLW) for 1,3‑dichlorobenzene [541-73-1]. Relevant publications were identified from a literature search. For the derivation of the BLW, an experimental study was available that demonstrated a good correlation between the concentration of 1,3-dichlorobenzene in the air and 1,3-dichlorobenzene in blood as well as the urinary metabolites 3,5‑dichlorocatechol, 2,4‑dichlorophenol and 3,5-dichlorophenol. The data of the experimental study conducted with resting volunteers for 6-hours were extrapolated to account for an exposure of 8 hours and an increased respiratory volume at the work place. At the level of the MAK value of 2 ml/m³, an average value of 40 mg 3,5-dichlorocatechol (after hydrolysis)/g creatinine can be expected and was set as BLW. Sampling time is at the end of the shift, after several previous shifts.</p>","PeriodicalId":521214,"journal":{"name":"The MAK collection for occupational health and safety","volume":"11 1","pages":"Doc016"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13502088/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148814834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-Bis(2-ethylhexyl)-((1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methyl)amin: MAK-Begründung, Nachtrag.","authors":"Andrea Hartwig","doi":"10.34865/mb9127304ksd11_1ad","DOIUrl":"10.34865/mb9127304ksd11_1ad","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":521214,"journal":{"name":"The MAK collection for occupational health and safety","volume":"11 1","pages":"Doc003"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13502076/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148815469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methyldiethanolamine: MAK Value Documentation, addendum - Translation of the German version from 2024.","authors":"Andrea Hartwig","doi":"10.34865/mb10559kske11_1ad","DOIUrl":"10.34865/mb10559kske11_1ad","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The German Senate Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area (MAK Commission) summarized and re-evaluated the data for methyldiethanolamine [105-59-9] to derive an occupational exposure limit value (maximum concentration at the workplace, MAK value) considering all toxicological end points. Relevant studies were identified from a literature search and also unpublished study reports were used. There are no studies investigating the carcinogenic effects of methyldiethanolamine. Methyldiethanolamine is a methylated metabolite of diethanolamine. Diethanolamine increased the incidence of liver and kidney tumours in a dermal carcinogenicity study in mice at the lowest dose tested of 40 mg/kg body weight and day. Mechanistic studies indicate that methyldiethanolamine, like diethanolamine, may disrupt choline homoeostasis, which is thought to have caused the liver tumours. The same mechanism has been suggested for kidney tumours, but has not been experimentally proven. Human relevance for this mechanism cannot be ruled out and methyldiethanolamine, like diethanolamine, has therefore been classified in Carcinogen Category 3. Methyldiethanolamine is neither mutagenic nor clastogenic. For this reason, despite its classification in Carcinogen Category 3, a MAK value can be derived. Studies with repeated inhalation exposure to methyldiethanolamine are not available. In a comparison of structurally related ethanolamines, methyldiethanolamine was found to lie between diethanolamine and triethanolamine in terms of irritation and basicity. Diethanolamine, which is a much stronger irritant than methyldiethanolamine, has a MAK value of 1 mg/m³. On this basis, a MAK value of 2 mg/m³ has been established for methyldiethanolamine. Aerosol impaction is not expected to occur because this concentration is below vapour saturation. The margin between the MAK value of 2 mg/m³ and the concentration at which a carcinogenic effect may occur is sufficiently large. Peak Limitation Category I with an excursion factor of 1 has been derived in analogy to the other ethanolamines. The only available study investigating developmental toxicity of methyldiethanolamine was carried out according to OECD Test Guideline 421. As this study does not include a full investigation of teratogenicity, methyldiethanolamine has been assigned to Pregnancy Risk Group D. Based on studies in rats, percutaneous absorption is expected to contribute significantly to systemic toxicity. Therefore, methyldiethanolamine has been designated with \"H\". The limited results from animal studies do not suggest a skin-sensitizing potential. Furthermore, in spite of widespread use, only two cases involving occupational exposure have been reported. Data for respiratory sensitization are not available.</p>","PeriodicalId":521214,"journal":{"name":"The MAK collection for occupational health and safety","volume":"11 1","pages":"Doc012"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13502065/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148815466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hexamethylentetramin: MAK-Begründung, Nachtrag.","authors":"Andrea Hartwig","doi":"10.34865/mb10097kskd11_1ad","DOIUrl":"10.34865/mb10097kskd11_1ad","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":521214,"journal":{"name":"The MAK collection for occupational health and safety","volume":"11 1","pages":"Doc006"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13502084/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148815356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Benzylalkoholmono(poly)hemiformal: MAK-Begründung, Nachtrag.","authors":"Andrea Hartwig","doi":"10.34865/mb1454860kskd11_1ad","DOIUrl":"10.34865/mb1454860kskd11_1ad","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":521214,"journal":{"name":"The MAK collection for occupational health and safety","volume":"11 1","pages":"Doc002"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13502063/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148815022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diethylene glycol monomethyl ether: MAK Value Documentation - Translation of the German version from 2024.","authors":"Andrea Hartwig","doi":"10.34865/mb11177e11_1or","DOIUrl":"10.34865/mb11177e11_1or","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The German Senate Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area (MAK Commission) summarized and evaluated the data for diethylene glycol monomethyl ether [111-77-3] to derive an occupational exposure limit value (maximum concentration at the workplace, MAK value) considering all toxi-cological end points. Relevant studies were identified from a literature search and also unpublished study reports were used. Diethylene glycol monomethyl ether is not irri-tating to the skin or eyes of rabbits. At the maximum vapour concentration of 216 ml/m³, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether induced no effects in a 13-week inhalation study in rats. The NOAEC is therefore 216 ml/m³ or higher. Taking into account the longer half-life of its toxic metabolite methoxyacetic acid in humans compared to rats, a MAK value of 10 ml/m³ has been derived from this study. Peak Limitation Category II with an excursion factor of 8 have been assigned because of the critical systemic effect and the long half-life of methoxyacetic acid. Diethylene glycol monomethyl ether is not clastogenic or mutagenic in vitro. Studies investigating its genotoxic or carcinogenic potential in vivo are not available. However, there is no corresponding structural alert. The critical end point of diethylene glycol monomethyl ether is developmental toxicity observed in rats and rabbits independent of maternal toxicity. The malformations are thought to be caused by the metabolite methoxyacetic acid. As the margins between the derived NOAELs and the MAK value are not sufficiently large, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether has been assigned to Pregnancy Risk Group B. Based on an in vitro skin absorption study, percutaneous absorption is expected to contribute significantly to systemic toxicity and diethylene glycol monomethyl ether has been designated with an \"H\". A sensitizing potential is not expected based on the available data.</p>","PeriodicalId":521214,"journal":{"name":"The MAK collection for occupational health and safety","volume":"11 1","pages":"Doc010"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13502081/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148815340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dichlorofluoromethane: MAK Value Documentation, addendum - Translation of the German version from 2024.","authors":"Andrea Hartwig","doi":"10.34865/mb7543e11_1ad","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34865/mb7543e11_1ad","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The German Senate Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area (MAK Commission) reviewed its toxicological evalu-ation of dichlorofluoromethane [75-43-4]. Dichlorofluoromethane and other partly halogenated chlorofluorocarbons are no longer approved in the European Union or in Germany. The derivation of the previous MAK value of dichlorofluoromethane does not correspond with the current approach of the Commission. There are no new studies that would allow the MAK value to be revised. The MAK Commission decided that a new evaluation is not of high priority. The MAK value and the other classifications are therefore suspended, and the substance is listed in the Section II c of the List of MAK and BAT Values for substances no longer evaluated.</p>","PeriodicalId":521214,"journal":{"name":"The MAK collection for occupational health and safety","volume":"11 1","pages":"Doc008"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13502077/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148815308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fatty alcohols, C_12-18: MAK Value Documentation - Translation of the German version from 2024.","authors":"Andrea Hartwig","doi":"10.34865/mb6776225kske11_1or","DOIUrl":"10.34865/mb6776225kske11_1or","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The German Senate Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area (MAK Commission) summarized and evaluated the data for C_12-18 fatty alcohols [67762-25-8] to derive an occupational exposure limit value (maximum concentration at the workplace, MAK value) considering all toxicological end points. Relevant studies were identified from a literature search. There are no data for humans or repeated dose inhalation studies in animals to derive a MAK value for the C_12-18 fatty alcohols. Oral studies investigating alcohols with similar chain length resulted in NOAELs which would correspond to a concentration of 92 mg/m³ or higher at the workplace. However, as the C_12-18 fatty alcohols may act as non-ionic surfactants, effects on the pulmonary surfactant are likely to occur. As a result, a MAK value cannot be established. The C_12-18 fatty alcohols are not mutagenic or clastogenic in vitro. No in vivo genotoxicity studies and no carcinogenicity studies have been carried out with the C_12-18 fatty alcohols. There are no studies investigating the developmental toxicity of the C_12-18 fatty alcohols. A sensitizing potential is not expected based on the available data. The substance does not penetrate the skin in toxicologically relevant amounts.</p>","PeriodicalId":521214,"journal":{"name":"The MAK collection for occupational health and safety","volume":"11 1","pages":"Doc011"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13552349/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148915093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}