Polar Journal最新文献

{"title":"Russian strategic narratives on the Arctic region: embedded in strategic documents and narrated by RT and Sputnik","authors":"Adrian Nae","doi":"10.1080/2154896X.2022.2137093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2154896X.2022.2137093","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In the context of Russia’s aggressiveness towards the ex-Soviet bloc since the illegal annexation of Crimea in 2014, Moscow’s messaging concerning other “spheres of interest’ has largely been overshadowed by Russia’s activities in its Eastern near abroad. This paper examines Moscow’s framings of the Arctic through the lenses of its Strategies from 2013 and 2020. The purpose is to extract the core strategic narratives and ‘read between the lines’ so that an evaluation can be made of how Moscow perceives the Arctic, defines its interests and assesses the prospect for future confrontation in the region. This provides the basis for the second part of the paper which investigates the way in which two Russian propaganda vectors – RT and Sputnik – presented Moscow’s strategic narratives for the Arctic between 2014 and 2021. Based on this analysis, the paper concludes that although RT and Sputnik act as vessels for Moscow’s strategic narratives, they also reveal Russia’s frustrations and misperceptions that are embedded in programmatic documents. The findings reinforce recent scholarly literature which claims that Russian media vectors of foreign propaganda are more complex than simple tools for disseminating misinformation and blatant lies.","PeriodicalId":52117,"journal":{"name":"Polar Journal","volume":"12 1","pages":"363 - 383"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47586161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"European security seminar: ‘High North, high tension’","authors":"Elizabeth Buchanan","doi":"10.1080/2154896x.2022.2133388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2154896x.2022.2133388","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52117,"journal":{"name":"Polar Journal","volume":"12 1","pages":"399 - 400"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45216952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pulling back the curtain: coloniality-based narratives of wilderness in US Arctic policy","authors":"Gabriella Gricius","doi":"10.1080/2154896X.2022.2137084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2154896X.2022.2137084","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Traditional readings of state-centric security in the Arctic centre questions of physical, political, and economic security as the primary issues for the eight Arctic states. These more material aspects of security, however, do not adequately explain the role of coloniality in Arctic security policies and the prevalence of coloniality-based narratives of wilderness in Arctic policy. I argue that in sustaining its ontological security in the Arctic, the United States – across the Bush, Obama, and Trump administrations – uses coloniality-based narratives of wilderness to justify policy. By conducting a discourse analysis focused on ‘wilderness’ conceptualisations of American Arctic policy from 2009 to 2021, I demonstrate that the United States continues to use coloniality-based narratives to understand the Arctic and that this has serious consequences for how the United States can act in the Arctic now and in the future. As a settler colonial state, the continuation of the United States’ sense of self is intrinsically connected to coloniality, which has profound implications for Indigenous and northern peoples.","PeriodicalId":52117,"journal":{"name":"Polar Journal","volume":"12 1","pages":"198 - 214"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46625403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Northern sea route at the crossroads: what lies ahead after the war in Ukraine?","authors":"J. Solski","doi":"10.1080/2154896X.2022.2133389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2154896X.2022.2133389","url":null,"abstract":"In June 2022","PeriodicalId":52117,"journal":{"name":"Polar Journal","volume":"12 1","pages":"401 - 403"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47982640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antarctic pioneer: the trailblazing life of Jackie Ronne","authors":"U. Rack","doi":"10.1080/2154896x.2022.2133385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2154896x.2022.2133385","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52117,"journal":{"name":"Polar Journal","volume":"12 1","pages":"388 - 391"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47971715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The functional exclusion of Least Developed Countries from the Antarctic regime","authors":"A. Hemmings","doi":"10.1080/2154896X.2022.2058223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2154896X.2022.2058223","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Antarctic regime makes bold claims for its general validity and open access to membership by any state which is a Member of the United Nations. However, the conditionalities around acquiring decision-making status in the regime – ‘conducting substantial scientific research activity there, such as the establishment of a scientific station or the despatch of a scientific expedition’ (Antarctic Treaty) or ‘research or harvesting activities’ (CCAMLR) – have installed a formidable glass ceiling subsequently reinforced by state practice. This has been fatal to the prospects for engagement in the ATS by most Global South states beyond the most powerful and emerging economies. The challenges facing poorer states are modelled through consideration of the most disadvantaged states, the Least Developed Countries (LDCs). This article explains the functional exclusion of the LDCs and explores why they should be given agency in the Antarctic regime. It examines the options for facilitating their participation and thus overcoming the present functional exclusion.","PeriodicalId":52117,"journal":{"name":"Polar Journal","volume":"12 1","pages":"88 - 107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46159139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The global Antarctic through humanities and social sciences perspectives: observations from Japan","authors":"Zia E. Madani, Akiho Shibata","doi":"10.1080/20567790.2022.2060554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20567790.2022.2060554","url":null,"abstract":"The 2021 Biennial Conference of the Standing Committee on Humanities and Social Sciences (SC-HASS) of the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) was held – for the first time in its history – in Asia, the theme of which was “The Global Antarctic”. Due to the continuing difficulties posed by COVID-19, the biennial conference was hosted by Kobe University Polar Cooperation Research Centre (PCRC) in a hybrid format, 18–19 November 2021. Having the conference in Japan spurred the participation of both international scientists and a wide spectrum of Japanese experts and scientists. This report seeks to reflect on two panels, entitled, Japan Session and Japan’s Antarctic Policy, respectively. The Japan Session was the customary event of the SC-HASS conference, which tries to attract the attention of local participants. It was thus conducted in Japanese with simultaneous interpretation into English. This panel was particularly interesting because all of its members have experience in participating in Japan’s Antarctic Research Expedition (JARE), providing non-traditional perspectives on Antarctic research activities. Professor Shin Murakoshi, a psychologist, delivered a keynote presentation on ‘The Antarctic as a Natural Laboratory: A Case of Cognitive Sciences’. Ms. Yumi Nakayama, a journalist, talked about ‘JARE’s first step: Journalist enthusiasm developed into national ebullience’. Ms. Yoriko Ikuta, a high-school teacher, spoke on the topic: ‘Teachers’ dispatch program under JARE and inquiry-based learning’. The panel was chaired by Professor Akiho Shibata, an international lawyer. Having studied risk cognition for 20 years, Prof. Murakoshi examines the cognitive science of people’s psychological adaptation in Antarctica, especially given that people working therein are isolated in certain spaces. While psychology studies concerning Antarctica are well-established in some Antarctic active nations, such as in the United States and Australia, Murakoshi hinted that there are certain ‘cultural’ aspects in risk recognition that differ across nations and societies, and that his studies on Japanese personnel at Syowa Station are unique in the field. Noting the fact that Shibata, within the 2016–17 JARE program, and Murakoshi, within the 2017–18 JARE program, have","PeriodicalId":52117,"journal":{"name":"Polar Journal","volume":"12 1","pages":"180 - 182"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41680998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Arctic: a very short introduction","authors":"Alice Oates","doi":"10.1080/2154896x.2022.2056673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2154896x.2022.2056673","url":null,"abstract":"into his harness and continue hauling, the reader is invited to empathise with a man at the absolute limit of his endurance: a man usually portrayed in a far less sympathetic light. The narrator then guides the reader seamlessly from his desperation to Worsley’s resulting dilemma: ‘He’s known sailors to transgress from time to time . . . he would prefer to let things slide . . . But this is different’ (p. 115). When Hurley weighs in, saying ‘He’s out of line, Skip, you’ve got to come down on him like a tonne of bricks or the others might decide they’re not moving either (p. 115)’ the true implications of this potential mutiny become clear. The reader is positioned between the conflicting subjectivities of McNish, Hurley and Worsley, and thoroughly invested in the verdict to come. While Heroic Era narratives continue to be dominated by the names of well-known expedition leaders, there has been a growing push in recent years to recognise the forgotten voices of the crew and teams who made early exploration possible. In her acknowledgements at the end of the book, Grochowicz notes that prior to researching this book she ‘knew a fair bit about Shackleton, but almost nothing about Wordie; or for that matter, any of the other men who survived their own epic journey across ice and ocean with the Boss’ (acknowledgements). Through thorough research, including several unpublished sources from the Scott Polar Research Institute (SPRI) Archives, and careful characterisation, Grochowicz brings the men to life, guiding readers deftly from the innermost fears and hopes of one team member to the next, as they endure this unforgettable expedition. However, this insight comes at a cost. Any attempt to narrativise the past has the potential to polarise readers, particularly the purists among us. Stalwart ‘Shackletonites’ may find the speculative titbits placed in the mouths and minds of historical figures discomfiting. Nevertheless, this compassionate retelling offers a vibrant, nuanced and entertaining introduction to the Endurance expedition, and is one that is sure to capture the hearts of youthful Antarcticans.","PeriodicalId":52117,"journal":{"name":"Polar Journal","volume":"12 1","pages":"188 - 190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49624751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Third Chilean conference on Antarctic law","authors":"C. Flores","doi":"10.1080/2154896x.2022.2047495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2154896x.2022.2047495","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52117,"journal":{"name":"Polar Journal","volume":"12 1","pages":"177 - 179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43523284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"End of the common arctic seabed: recent state practice in the establishment of continental shelf limits beyond 200 nm","authors":"Øystein Jensen","doi":"10.1080/2154896X.2022.2062557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2154896X.2022.2062557","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Arctic has been the focus of considerable attention over the past 10–15 years, often in connection with the alleged ‘race’ for the region’s natural resources. This article focuses on the extension of sovereign rights beyond 200 nm in the Arctic Ocean – in particular, the criteria and procedures for delineating the continental shelf under the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea and the most recent developments in state practice. As coastal states continue to update their shelf submissions before the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS), there would to be little, if any, international seabed area left in the central Arctic Ocean.","PeriodicalId":52117,"journal":{"name":"Polar Journal","volume":"12 1","pages":"108 - 121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43752668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}