Movement and Sports Sciences - Science et Motricite最新文献

{"title":"Caractérisation des organisations locomotrices par la quantification des synergies musculaires chez le sujet asymptomatique et cérébrolésé : une revue de littérature narrative","authors":"Anthony Supiot, Bastien Berret, N. Roche, D. Pradon","doi":"10.1051/SM/2017029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/SM/2017029","url":null,"abstract":"Lʼobjectif de cet article est de dresser une revue de litterature narrative sur lʼutilisation des synergies musculaires (SM) pour caracteriser les organisations locomotrices chez le sujet sain et cerebrolese. Les differentes etudes ont permis de mettre en evidence une diversite dʼapproches pour extraire les SM. En depit de cette diversite, les resultats suggerent quʼun petit nombre de SM serait explicatif des organisations locomotrices. Par ailleurs, chez les sujets sains, les SM semblent en mesure de quantifier des modifications induites par des contraintes telles que lʼâge ou la vitesse de marche. Cependant, certains choix methodologiques tels que le filtrage des signaux electromyographiques ou leurs normalisations temporelles pourraient induire des biais dʼinterpretation. Malgre lʼheterogeneite des etudes sur le sujet cerebrolese, ces dernieres convergent pour souligner la pertinence de lʼanalyse des SM dans lʼexploration des modeles dʼactivation musculaire chez les patients atteints de lesion du systeme nerveux. Ces SM sont dependantes dʼun ensemble de facteurs tels que les deficits post-lesionnels ou le type de reeducation. Apres analyse des articles selectionnes, nous pensons que les SM peuvent etre une approche pertinente dans la caracterisation des activites locomotrices chez le sujet cerebrolese sous reserve de choix methodologiques et algorithmiques appropries.","PeriodicalId":52082,"journal":{"name":"Movement and Sports Sciences - Science et Motricite","volume":"1 1","pages":"13-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1051/SM/2017029","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57994847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urban legends in gait analysis","authors":"P. Allard, S. Leteneur, É. Watelain, M. Begon","doi":"10.1051/SM/2017003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/SM/2017003","url":null,"abstract":"Impaired gait patterns are often compared to that of a group of able-bodied subjects. This latter group usually forms a gold standard. Variability in able-bodied gait parameters could reflect different normal locomotion patterns. Furthermore, a lack of statistical difference between patient data and control subjects can hide a perturbed gait pattern. This review on normal gait patterns discusses three well-accepted hypotheses, which can be called into question. These are that we all walk alike, gait is symmetrical and propulsion comes from the foot at push-off. This diversity in normal able-bodied locomotion patterns suggests different movement strategies making it difficult for an eventual comparison with pathological gait conditions.","PeriodicalId":52082,"journal":{"name":"Movement and Sports Sciences - Science et Motricite","volume":"1 1","pages":"5-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1051/SM/2017003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57993930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identités féminines et vieillissement : le fitness entre revendication d’une volonté personnelle et soumission à des normes sociales ?","authors":"Jeanne-Maud Jarthon, C. Durand","doi":"10.1051/SM/2017006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/SM/2017006","url":null,"abstract":"Les pratiques corporelles participent a des assignations et prescriptions aux normes d'appartenance a un sexe. De plus aujourd'hui, le corps est un objet de consommation qui faconne notre quotidien. La presse feminine en jouant sur les stereotypes du masculin/feminin influence les mecanismes de construction de soi. Le marche du bien-etre en plein essor est un moyen de modeliser les corporeites d'atteindre ces stereotypes. Ainsi nous tentons de comprendre comment la pratique du fitness gere, entretient et influence quelque chose qui appartient au feminin. Les salles de remise en forme proposent des activites variees s'adaptant a tous les âges et repondant a une demande accrue. Le soucis du « bien vieillir » (Feillet, R. (2012). « Le corps dans l'avance en âge. Une trajectoire de recherche sur le role des APS dans le « bien vieillir ». Entre resistance physique et reconnaissance de soi », Habilitation a diriger des recherches en 74eme section soutenue le 3 octobre 2012 a l'Universite europeenne de Bretagne sous la direction du Professeur Dominique Bodin ; Feillet, R. (2012). Corps, vieillissement et identite : entre preservation et presentation de soi . Place des activites physiques et sportives . Toulouse : Eres, Coll. Pratiques gerontologiques.) le desir de preservation de son image (et de son corps) pour soi et aux yeux des autres (Corbin, A., Courtine, J-J., & Vigarello, G. (2006). Histoire du corps : Les mutations du regard. Le XXeme siecle . Paris : Seuil, Coll. L'univers historique. Vol. 3), la necessite du paraitre « toujours jeune » (Amadieu, J-F. (1990). Le poids des apparences. Beaute, amour et gloire . Odile Jacob, Coll. Poches Odile Jacob, edition 2005), le poids du jeunisme dans les medias (Kaufmann, J-C. (2004). L'invention de soi. Une theorie de l'identite . Paris : Armand Colin, Coll. Individu et societe) ont engendre une ouverture des âges de la pratique du fitness. « Outil » de lutte contre le vieillissement ou de prevention de celui-ci pour des femmes qui souhaitent repondre aux normes sociales prescrites et/ou preserver leur sante, le fitness un moyen d'acceder et de participer a une « quete de jeunesse ».","PeriodicalId":52082,"journal":{"name":"Movement and Sports Sciences - Science et Motricite","volume":"1 1","pages":"85-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1051/SM/2017006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57994346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance and environmental factors related to the main locomotor outcome in persons with an unilateral transtibial amputation equipped with energy storage and return feet","authors":"Y. Sagawa, A. Moustapha, F. Beaucamp, A. Thevenon, É. Watelain","doi":"10.1051/SM/2017023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/SM/2017023","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. To assess performance and environmental factors in persons with an Unilateral TransTibial amputation (UTTA) equipped with an Energy Storage And Return (ESAR) foot. Method . Prosthetic Profile of the Amputees (PPA) questionnaire was sent to 295 adults with an UTTA. Results . Seventy-eight questionnaires met all criteria. The main locomotor outcome, was optimal in 51% of cases. The performance that best predicted the optimal main locomotor outcome was the ability to walk alone outside in inclement weather (OR [95%CI] = 36 [9.65–136.16]). The most predictive environmental factor was the acceptance of the amputation by the family and friends (OR [95%CI] = 6 [1.17–30.72]). Conclusions . A marked proportion of persons with UTTA showed a suboptimal walking performance at least 6 months after the attribution of an ESAR foot.","PeriodicalId":52082,"journal":{"name":"Movement and Sports Sciences - Science et Motricite","volume":"1 1","pages":"67-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57994388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Makeup, an essential tool to manage social expectations surrounding femininity?","authors":"Anna Loegel, Sandra Courrèges, F. Morizot, P. Fontayne","doi":"10.1051/SM/2017007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/SM/2017007","url":null,"abstract":"De nombreuses etudes rapportent de l’utilisation du maquillage par les femmes, et notamment les sportives, pour donner d’elles une image compatible avec les normes sociales de la feminite. Deux etudes visant a approfondir nos connaissances concernant les relations entre maquillage et feminite dans une population francaise serontmenees. Dans l’etude 1, les participants devaient associer de maniere spontanee les mots « maquillage » ou « feminite ». Les resultats ont montre que pour les hommes, le maquillage etait associe au charme et a la beaute de la femme, mais pour les femmes, le maquillage etait associe a la beaute, mais egalement au bien-etre et au camouflage. Dans l’etude 2, l’existence d’une norme sociale associant la feminite avec le maquillage a ete examinee a l’aide du « paradigme d’identification » (Jellison, J.M., & Green, J. (1981). A self-presentation approach to the fundamental attribution error : the norm of internality. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 40 (4), 643–649. Available on : https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.40.4.643). Les resultats ont montre que l’utilisation d’un nombre plus eleve de produits demaquillage etait plutot associee aux personnes feminines qu’aux personnes non-feminines. Pris dans leur ensemble, ces resultats suggerent que le maquillage est un outil efficace pour etre percue feminine et devrait permettre aux femmes sportives de gerer leurs multiples identites sociales.","PeriodicalId":52082,"journal":{"name":"Movement and Sports Sciences - Science et Motricite","volume":"1 1","pages":"19-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1051/SM/2017007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57994409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Le dilemme entre la gestion collective et la gestion individuelle de la classe par un enseignant d’EPS expert exerçant en milieu difficile : une étude exploratoire","authors":"Oriane Petiot, Jérôme Visioli","doi":"10.1051/SM/2016013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/SM/2016013","url":null,"abstract":"L’objectif de cet article est de questionner un dilemme recurrent des enseignants, notamment en milieu difficile : gerer collectivement la classe tout en gerant individuellement des eleves dans leurs particularites. En nous appuyant sur le cadre theorique du « cours d’action » [Theureau, J. (2006). Le cours d’action : Methode developpee. Toulouse : Octares], nous avons analyse l’activite d’un enseignant expert durant deux lecons d’Education Physique et Sportive (EPS) face a deux classes de college en Zone d’Education Prioritaire (ZEP). Des donnees d’observation et de verbalisation des acteurs in situ et des donnees de verbalisation retrospectives de l’enseignant lors d’entretiens d’autoconfrontation (EAC) ont ete recueillies. Les resultats mettent en evidence la competence de l’enseignant a, d’une part, prevenir les situations de dilemmes entre gestion collective et gestion individuelle de la classe, et d’autre part, a les depasser.","PeriodicalId":52082,"journal":{"name":"Movement and Sports Sciences - Science et Motricite","volume":"292 1","pages":"65-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1051/SM/2016013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57993593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender stereotypes, self, and sport dropout: a one-year prospective study in adolescents","authors":"Mélissa Plaza, J. Boiché","doi":"10.1051/SM/2017018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/SM/2017018","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction . Gender stereotypes were previously shown to be associated with sport dropout, but this literature remains scare and the results observed are limited by the design used, the focus on explicit stereotypes, the absence of consideration of individuals' gender-identity, and of the gendered-nature of sports. Objective. This one-season prospective study examined gender stereotypes (explicit and implicit) and self-perceptions (gender- as well as sport-related), in relationship to dropout intentions and behavior among adolescent athletes practicing feminine, neutral or masculine sports. Method. Explicit gender sport stereotypes, self-perceptions of sport value and competence, and gender centrality were assessed by questionnaire. Gender-sport and self-gender automatic associations were evaluated with two Brief-Implicit Association Tests (B-IAT; Sriram, N., & Greenwald, A.G. (2009). The Brief Implicit Association Test. Experimental Psychology, 56 , 283–294. DOI: 10.1027/1618-3169.56.4.283). Results and conclusion. Pro-masculine sport stereotypes and sport self-perceptions were higher in boys and in adolescents practicing masculine sports. Also, sport self-perceptions were positively predicted by sport stereotypes in favor of one's sex in-group, whatever the centrality of gender in adolescents' identity. Last, athletes with stronger intentions displayed higher sport self-perceptions of value and competence, and were more likely to actually pursue their activity one year later.","PeriodicalId":52082,"journal":{"name":"Movement and Sports Sciences - Science et Motricite","volume":"1 1","pages":"75-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1051/SM/2017018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57994070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Individuals with knee osteoarthritis exhibit altered movement patterns during the sit-to-stand task","authors":"Y. Sagawa, A. Bonnefoy-Mazure, S. Armand, P. Hoffmeyer, D. Suvà, K. Turcot","doi":"10.1051/SM/2017004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/SM/2017004","url":null,"abstract":"Objectif : Determiner les strategies de compensation utilisees par les individus atteints de gonarthrose pour accomplir une tâche de transition assis-debout. Methode : Soixante-treize individus atteints de gonarthrose (âge moyenne : 69 ans) et 27 individus sains (âge moyenne : 66 ans) ont ete evalues lors d’une tâche de transition assis-debout a l’aide d’un systeme d’analyse de mouvement en trois dimensions. Des correlations ont ete calculees afin d’evaluer les differentes associations entre les parametres biomecaniques. Resultat : Les moments articulaires a la hanche et au genou montrent des correlations avec le temps d’execution de la tâche. Ces resultats suggerent que la hanche et le genou sont associes pour creer le moment specifique lors de l’execution de cette tâche. Le moment a la cheville et la flexion du tronc sont egalement correles. Ceci suggere une strategie de compensation pour atteindre la position debout. Si l’on compare les deux membres inferieurs, les moments aux hanches, aux genoux et aux chevilles sont asymetriques. Conclusion : D’apres les associations faibles a moderees obtenues entre les parametres biomecaniques lors de la tâche de transition assis-debout, il semble que des interactions plus complexes doivent probablement etre impliquees dans le developpement de strategies pour executer cette tâche par les individus atteints de gonarthrose.","PeriodicalId":52082,"journal":{"name":"Movement and Sports Sciences - Science et Motricite","volume":"1 1","pages":"39-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1051/SM/2017004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57994135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"La marche humaine : de l’analyse quantifiée à l’aide au diagnostic","authors":"É. Watelain","doi":"10.1051/SM/2017028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/SM/2017028","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52082,"journal":{"name":"Movement and Sports Sciences - Science et Motricite","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1051/SM/2017028","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57994775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Benefits of aquatic exercise therapy on locomotion in low back pain subjects: a narrative literature review","authors":"Karen Przybysz da Silva Rosa, F. G. Martinez, L. A. Peyré-Tartaruga","doi":"10.1051/SM/2017002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/SM/2017002","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this narrative literature review was to analyze the effects of aquatic exercise therapy on low back pain, specifically focusing on gait disorders. Approximately 80% of the population will experience an episode of low back pain in some point of their lives, particularly with aging. Low back pain have high social and health care cost, both for its prevalence, as for its cost regarding reduced or productivity lost. Etiology of low back pain is not fully comprehended, but some behavioral determinants can lead to its development and persistence. This health disorder leads to pain, disability, and alterations in walking and muscular activation patterns. Possible treatments for individuals with low back pain vary and present different levels of improvement and include medication, physiotherapy, aquatic physiotherapy, a range of manual therapies, and adapted exercises. The primary goal of treatment should be pain relief, strengthening of trunk muscles, trunk mobility, aerobic exercises and behavior education. The aquatic therapy is a promising and interesting non-invasive intervention for the gait disorders of individuals with low back pain, but more consistent and controlled studies are necessary to judge the effectiveness of this treatment.","PeriodicalId":52082,"journal":{"name":"Movement and Sports Sciences - Science et Motricite","volume":"1 1","pages":"51-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1051/SM/2017002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57993861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}