The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences最新文献

{"title":"Lifestyle activities and risk of incident dementia from linked insurance claims in the Baltimore Experience Corps Study.","authors":"Kyle D Moored, Vishaldeep K Sekhon, Qian-Li Xue, Jeanine M Parisi, Halima Amjad, George W Rebok, Dana A Eldreth, Michelle C Carlson","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbag177","DOIUrl":"10.1093/geronb/gbag177","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Lifestyle activity engagement in later life may protect against dementia, but studies have often been limited to short follow-up periods and predominantly White samples. We examined activity variety and frequency as predictors of incident dementia, leveraging 15 years of linked longitudinal insurance claims data in the Baltimore Experience Corps Study (BECS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants were 482 individuals from BECS (2006-2013) with linked insurance claims (mean age = 68.2, 84% women, 95% Black/African American). Participants self-reported baseline engagement in 28 activities. We calculated the number of unique activities (activity variety) and average frequency of engagement across reported activities (activity frequency). Incident dementia (2008-2022) was ascertained from Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services and private claims using the Bynum-EM algorithm. We used Cox proportional hazards models, adjusting for age and intervention group, and tested multiple follow-up periods (5-year, 15-year).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average baseline variety was 18.8 activities (SD = 3.3) and frequency was 13.1 days/month (SD = 3.2). For the 15-year follow-up only, higher activity variety was associated with lower risk of incident dementia (HR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.89-0.99), equivalent to about a 6-month delay in diagnosis per additional activity. This association was attenuated after adjusting for additional demographics (e.g., sex, education), prevalent health conditions, and depression (HR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.90-1.01). Activity frequency was not significant in any model.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Higher activity variety, but not frequency, modestly predicted lower dementia risk over 15 years in a sample of primarily Black older adults. Findings suggest that engagement in a range of activities, rather than more frequent engagement in limited activities, may elicit greater cognitive benefits.</p>","PeriodicalId":520811,"journal":{"name":"The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148842784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraumatization in dementia: a life-course trauma-dementia-abuse cycle linking early adversity and elder abuse.","authors":"Rebecca Bates","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbag166","DOIUrl":"10.1093/geronb/gbag166","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520811,"journal":{"name":"The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148805471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reducing loneliness and enhancing well-being among gender and sexually diverse late middle-aged and older adults: an evidence-informed group intervention.","authors":"Titikarn Assatarakul, Akara Metasuk, Yada Atanan","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbag156","DOIUrl":"10.1093/geronb/gbag156","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to design and conduct an exploratory evaluation of an evidence-informed workshop series to promote the holistic well-being of late middle-aged and older adults with diverse sexual orientations, gender identities, gender expressions, and sex characteristics (SOGIESC) in Thailand.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The intervention, informed by the Minority Stress Model, the Transformative Learning Group Facilitation Model, and Experiential Learning Theory, focused on reducing loneliness and enhancing psychological, physical, social, and spiritual well-being by creating affirming, psychologically safe spaces. A non-randomized, single-group pre-post mixed-methods design was employed with 28 diverse SOGIESC participants aged 51-74. Quantitative data were collected using validated loneliness and well-being measures, while qualitative data from in-depth interviews were analyzed thematically.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants showed significant within-group reductions in emotional and social loneliness, with median scores decreasing by 1.0 point on a 3-point scale and large effect sizes (rrb = -0.684 and -0.725, respectively). Significant improvements were also observed in psychological, physical, and spiritual well-being, with moderate-to-large effect sizes (rrb = 0.460, 0.673, and 0.406, respectively). Qualitative findings highlighted the transformative role of social support, belonging, and affirmative community spaces in fostering self-acceptance and collective empowerment.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These exploratory findings suggest that friendly space workshop interventions show promise in addressing loneliness and enhancing multiple dimensions of well-being among older adults with diverse SOGIESC. The findings also highlight the need for ageing and social policies that move beyond individual self-care toward relational, community-based, and structurally supportive models of well-being and inclusion.</p>","PeriodicalId":520811,"journal":{"name":"The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148687504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mastery moderates the association between cumulative socioeconomic status risk and accelerated biological aging among middle-aged Black American women.","authors":"Rachael D Weaver, Katelyn N Austin, Man-Kit Lei","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbag193","DOIUrl":"10.1093/geronb/gbag193","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study examines how exposure to cumulative socioeconomic status (SES) risk in midlife shapes subsequent biological aging among Black American women and tests whether a sense of mastery moderates these associations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using longitudinal data from 334 middle-aged Black American women in the Family and Community Health Study (FACHS), we used hierarchical regression models to test our hypotheses and probed the interaction by estimating conditional differences between high and low mastery across levels of cumulative SES risk.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cumulative SES risk was significantly associated with accelerated aging. After accounting for key environmental, psychosocial, behavioral, and biological confounders, each additional risk factor was associated with an increase in GrimAgeAccel of approximately 0.53 years (6.4 months). Among women with lower mastery, cumulative SES risk was positively and significantly associated with accelerated biological aging, with each additional SES risk factor associated with an increase of approximately 0.59 years (7.1 months) in GrimAge acceleration. Cumulative SES risk was not associated with accelerated aging among women with higher mastery.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Consistent with stress process theory, higher mastery was associated with a weaker association between cumulative socioeconomic disadvantage and accelerated aging among middle-aged Black American women. Persistent SES-related disparities in biological aging indicate that upstream sociostructural determinants impose a chronic physiological burden that cannot be addressed by individual coping resources alone. Simultaneously bolstering psychosocial resources and addressing the structural conditions that necessitate such high levels of individual coping may be critical for promoting sustained, population-level improvements in healthy aging.</p>","PeriodicalId":520811,"journal":{"name":"The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13695512/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148922624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Termination of SNAP Emergency Allotments increased food insufficiency among older adults.","authors":"Colleen M Heflin, Hyeryung Jo","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbag176","DOIUrl":"10.1093/geronb/gbag176","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We examined how the nationwide termination of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) Emergency Allotments (EA) affected food insufficiency among older adults aged 60 and older, a group with high rates of nutrition-sensitive disease conditions and low SNAP uptake.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using Household Pulse Survey data on older adult households with incomes below 200 percent of the federal poverty level, we applied a stacked difference-in-differences design to compare food insufficiency within 3-month windows before and after EA termination.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Food insufficiency rose by 1.5 percentage points among older adult households overall and by 3.3 percentage points among older adults living alone, with no significant change among those not living alone. The difference in effects between those living alone and those not living alone was not statistically significant at conventional levels (p = .091). Sensitivity analyses restricting to self-identified SNAP recipients or varying the analytic window yielded consistent results.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These findings indicate that the loss of higher SNAP benefits substantially increased food hardship among low-income older adults post-COVID, underscoring the need for adequate benefit levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":520811,"journal":{"name":"The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148836147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early life predictors of subjective cognitive function in older age: emerging longitudinal associations over 6 decades.","authors":"Gideon Neidenmark, Catherine Tuvblad, Jonas Persson","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbag180","DOIUrl":"10.1093/geronb/gbag180","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Self-rated memory impairment is common in older age and has been related to objective cognitive decline and dementia. Recently, there has been growing interest in early-life predictors of late-life cognition, but research has been limited due to the absence of data spanning the entire lifespan. The present study investigated whether psychological health, social well-being, socioeconomic status (SES), and cognitive abilities at age 10 and 13 predicted subjective memory almost 6 decades later.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Psychological health, social well-being, SES, and cognitive abilities were measured with standardized tests and questionnaires at age 10 and 13. Subjective memory, anxiety, and depressive symptoms were measured with the Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) at age 67 (n = 625).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In a longitudinal autoregressive structural equation model (SEM), higher levels of psychological health at age 13 predicted lower levels of subjective memory at age 67. This association was independent of current anxiety and depressive symptoms. The model did not provide sufficient support that social well-being, SES, cognitive ability, and school performance at age 13 predicted subjective memory at age 67. Additional analysis revealed that psychological health at age 13, but not at age 10, and anxiety symptoms at age 67 uniquely predicted subjective memory at age 67.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These findings extend prior research by showing that psychological health is a robust predictor of subjective memory. Interventions targeting early-life psychological health may help identify individuals with different prospective cognitive outcomes in later life.</p>","PeriodicalId":520811,"journal":{"name":"The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13653334/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148842785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-perceptions of aging and advance care planning: longitudinal evidence from the Health and Retirement Study.","authors":"Rita X Hu, Yifan Lou","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbag174","DOIUrl":"10.1093/geronb/gbag174","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Advance care planning (ACP) is increasingly conceptualized as a proactive, communication-centered process that supports person-centered care in later life. Although prior research has focused on demographic and clinical predictors, less is known about the psychological factors that shape how individuals engage in planning. Guided by stereotype embodiment theory, this study examined whether self-perceptions of aging (SPA) prospectively predict patterns of ACP engagement.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were drawn from the Health and Retirement Study (2008-2014). A lagged longitudinal design linked baseline SPA to ACP engagement four years later among adults aged 65 and older (N = 7,618). ACP was categorized as both formal (documentation) and informal (discussion) planning, formal-only, informal-only, or neither. Multinomial logistic regression models assessed associations between SPA and ACP patterns, adjusting for sociodemographic and health characteristics. Interaction models tested moderation by sociodemographic and health factors, and exploratory analyses examined transitions into ACP among baseline nonplanners.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>More positive baseline SPA was associated with a lower likelihood of engaging in formal-only ACP relative to engaging in both formal and informal ACP. SPA was not significantly associated with informal-only ACP or with no ACP relative to comprehensive planning. Associations between SPA and ACP patterns did not vary across sociodemographic groups, although functional limitations and self-rated health modestly moderated specific contrasts. Among respondents with no prior ACP, SPA did not significantly predict transitions into planning over time.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These findings extend stereotype embodiment theory to future-oriented healthcare planning and highlight SPA as a psychosocial factor associated with comprehensive ACP engagement.</p>","PeriodicalId":520811,"journal":{"name":"The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148836154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why does a supplement issue on Add Health belong in a gerontology journal?","authors":"Linda Waite","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbag172","DOIUrl":"10.1093/geronb/gbag172","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520811,"journal":{"name":"The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences","volume":"81 Supplement_2","pages":"S87-S90"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13641273/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149123004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The ethno-racial patterning of depression and loneliness: new evidence from a diverse cohort of U.S. midlife adults.","authors":"Alexis C Dennis, Iliya Gutin, Elizabeth Lawrence","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbag147","DOIUrl":"10.1093/geronb/gbag147","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Mental health is a central concern for aging and well-being over the life course. This study examined ethno-racial patterns of depressive symptoms and loneliness among a diverse cohort of U.S. midlife adults to illuminate why some individuals age more successfully than others. Drawing on the Stress Process Model, we investigated whether these patterns persist after accounting for socioeconomic and relational stressors and social support resources.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used new Wave VI data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health). Descriptive statistics and negative binomial regression were employed to document ethno-racial variation in depressive symptoms and loneliness among this cohort of midlife U.S. adults (N = 11,435; ages 39-50).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Multiracial adults initially reported slightly higher depressive symptoms and loneliness relative to White adults, but these differences were attenuated with adjustment for stressors and social support. Black adults exhibited poorer mental health than White adults descriptively, but better outcomes after adjusting for stressors and social support. Hispanic adults reported lower levels of depressive symptoms and loneliness than White adults net of sociodemographic covariates. Asian adults demonstrated no statistically significant differences from White adults.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Ethno-racial groups each display unique mental health patterns in midlife, possibly reflecting differences in how ethno-racial groups perceive and cultivate resources in response to stressors and adverse structural conditions. Future studies should continue to investigate the complex set of factors which shape the mental well-being and aging of the U.S. population.</p>","PeriodicalId":520811,"journal":{"name":"The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences","volume":"81 Supplement_2","pages":"S204-S217"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13641268/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149123018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Midlife in crisis? Life course pathways to health at midlife across U.S. cohorts.","authors":"Lauren Gaydosh, Iliya Gutin, Kathleen Mullan Harris","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbag138","DOIUrl":"10.1093/geronb/gbag138","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Recent trends of increasing midlife morbidity and mortality and widening educational disparities in the United States are concerning. This study documented the age pattern and educational disparities in health in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) cohort as they enter midlife, and situates the cohort relative to preceding, similar, and following cohorts in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using data from Add Health and NHANES on 6 birth cohorts observed from adolescence to middle age, we characterized age patterns in general health, mental health, health behaviors, and chronic conditions within and across cohorts. We documented disparities by educational attainment, focusing on those with and without a 4-year college degree, and how such disparities emerge and evolve across the life course.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Analysis showed that general health, mental health, and chronic disease deteriorated for the Add Health cohort as they aged into midlife, while health behaviors improved. Compared to the NHANES cohorts, the Add Health cohort had worse health than older cohorts, generally worse health compared to the same birth cohort, with some exceptions, and mixed health compared to younger cohorts. Educational gradients were relatively stable across age, with some evidence of increases, while educational gradients generally increased across cohorts.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The worsening health of the Add Health cohort with age and relative to previous cohorts has important implications for aging, as this currently midlife cohort of U.S. adults will enter old age in worse health than their predecessors.</p>","PeriodicalId":520811,"journal":{"name":"The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences","volume":"81 Supplement_2","pages":"S167-S178"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13641269/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149123036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}