The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences最新文献

{"title":"Social Relationships and End-of-Life Quality among Older Adults in the United States: The Impacts of Marital, Kinship, and Network Ties.","authors":"Kafayat Mahmoud, Deborah Carr","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbaf135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbaf135","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We examine marital status differences in recent decedents' end-of-life care and gender differences therein, and the role of other social ties (children, siblings, network members) in influencing the quality of end-of-life care.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Data are from 12 waves (2011-2022) of the National Health and Aging Trends Study. We use binomial and multinomial logistic regression to evaluate the effects of marital status and other social ties on ten distinct dimensions of care in the last month of life, reported by proxies of deceased study participants. Outcomes were overall quality of care; adequately treated breathing problems, pain, and sadness/anxiety; care coordination; decisions made with patient input; care concordant with patient wishes; informed about care; personal care needs met; and respectful treatment. Models were adjusted for sociodemographic, health, and proxy characteristics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Divorced decedents fared poorly on multiple outcomes, being less likely than married or widowed persons to receive excellent care and to have personal care needs met. Divorced and widowed decedents were less likely to receive respectful treatment relative to married decedents. We found no significant gender differences in these patterns. Persons with more siblings and network members had superior pain management.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>. Our results offer modest support for marital control and compensatory frameworks; no particular social tie is uniformly protective at the end of life. Health care providers should help dying patients identify significant others who can best participate in end-of-life preparations and care. Hospital patient advocates could also aid those who lack close kin at the end of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":520811,"journal":{"name":"The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144715259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grandparenting and Coresidence Preferences in Shanghai, China: The Influence of Grandparenting Beliefs, Experiences, and Intensity.","authors":"Ying Ma, Qiushi Feng, Zhihong Zhen, Litao Zhao","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbaf138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbaf138","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aims to examine the living arrangement preferences of older adults in Shanghai, China, with a focus on grandparenting as a shaping factor.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study utilizes data from the 2022 LEAP-SH (Lifelong Education for Aging Productively in Shanghai) survey, which included 1,707 older adults aged 55 to 85. Since this study focuses on grandparenting, respondents without grandchildren were excluded, resulting in an analytical sample of 1,250 individuals. In this study, grandparenting is measured through grandparenting beliefs, frequency of grandchild care, and previous grandparenting experiences.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results indicate a decisive shift towards independent living, with 90% preferring to live alone or with a spouse. However, preferences adapt when adult children require support, including grandparenting. Our analysis shows that grandparenting beliefs, experiences, and intensity are positively associated with the preference for coresidence.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These findings highlight the malleability of living arrangement preferences and suggest a persistent, though evolving, form of intergenerational solidarity. This study contributes to the literature by emphasizing the importance of adult children's needs in shaping parents' living arrangement preferences in contemporary urban China.</p>","PeriodicalId":520811,"journal":{"name":"The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144715255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disease accumulation across birth cohorts in South Korea.","authors":"Anastasia Lam, Katherine Keenan, Mikko Myrskylä, Hill Kulu","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbaf136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbaf136","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This paper estimates rates and age-trajectories of disease accumulation across South Korean birth cohorts and assesses whether observed cohort differences persist after accounting for early-life exposures and adult characteristics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were from eight waves of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (2006-2020) and included 8,202 participants aged 50-74 years. Birth cohorts were defined by historical periods: Japanese annexation (1932-1944), Korean liberation (1945-1949), Korean War (1950-1953), and Post-war (1954-1961). Poisson mixed-effects models were used to estimate disease accumulation using counts of self-reported chronic diseases. Models were built stepwise from a baseline model with cohort fixed effects. Subsequent models added a cohort/age interaction, early-life exposures (parental death and education), and adult characteristics (own education, residence, smoking, obesity).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Post-war (1954-1961) cohort has lower rates of disease accumulation than the older cohorts, which do not differ substantially from each other. Controlling for early-life exposures slightly reduces cohort differences, but controlling for adult characteristics leads to a larger reduction, leaving only the Korean liberation (1945-1949) cohort significantly different from the Post-war (1954-1961) cohort (IRR 1.17, 95% CI 1.07-1.29). This suggests adult characteristics explain most of the observed differences between the Post-war (1954-1961) and older cohorts, except the Korean liberation (1945-1949) cohort, which remains uniquely different due to unobserved factors.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These findings highlight how historical context and life course experiences are jointly associated with disease accumulation across cohorts. Adult characteristics play an important role, especially for older cohorts, and could be considered as important targets for disease prevention strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":520811,"journal":{"name":"The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144715254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Own and Parental Schooling, Gender, and Cognitive Performance based on the Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol (HCAP) among Older Chilean Adults.","authors":"Sneha Sarah Mani, Irma Elo, Magdalena Delaporte, Alejandro Sánchez-Becerra, David Bravo, Jere R Behrman","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbaf140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbaf140","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to investigate associations of own and parental schooling with cognitive performance measured using the Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol (HCAP) in Chile, a context distinct from previous studies using the HCAP.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using Chile-Cog HCAP data linked to the Chilean Social Protection Longitudinal Survey, we used multivariate-adjusted regressions for individuals aged ≥60 to estimate associations between own and parental schooling and global HCAP and domain-specific scores, and examined gender differences (n = 1,791).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Own schooling, with basic covariates, is associated with 40% of the variance in global HCAP scores. Less-than-primary vs. lower-secondary schooling is associated with lower global HCAP scores and with lower orientation, memory, executive function, language, and visuospatial domain scores. Post-secondary versus lower-secondary schooling is associated with higher global and domain-specific scores: orientation, memory, executive function, language, and visuospatial. Including parental schooling yields lower estimates for own schooling, and maternal completion of primary schooling or above is associated with higher global scores than less-than-primary schooling. Being female is not significantly associated with global HCAP scores, but it was positively associated with memory scores and negatively with the visuospatial scores. Interaction between own schooling and being female suggests significantly higher scores for primary schooling for female than male for the orientation and memory domains.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These results reinforce the findings of earlier studies regarding the strong association of schooling with better cognition in a South American country that transitioned from a developing to a high-income country during respondents' lifetimes.</p>","PeriodicalId":520811,"journal":{"name":"The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144715257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"APOE genotype and cognitive decline: educational context as a moderator of genetic risk.","authors":"Katrina M Walsemann, Heide M Jackson, Jason D Boardman, Pamela Herd","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbaf110","DOIUrl":"10.1093/geronb/gbaf110","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele is linked to increased risk of Alzheimer's disease and cognitive decline. While educational attainment appears to mitigate this risk, it is not a direct measure of the early-life environment. This study examined whether childhood exposure to well- versus poorly resourced educational contexts modified the association between APOE ε4 and cognitive decline, independent of parent and respondent educational attainment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used data from the Health and Retirement Study (2006-2018) linked with state-level data on public education systems. The sample included U.S.-born respondents who participated in the 2006-2012 genetic data collection, lived in one of the 48 contiguous states at age 10, and were born between 1914 and 1959 (n = 14,817 respondents, 76,806 person-period observations). To measure educational context, we created a standardized factor score representing state education resources, derived from indicators such as per-pupil spending, pupil-teacher ratios, and teacher salary. We used mixed effects models to estimate the interaction between APOE ε4 and state education resources, adjusting for parent and respondent education (measured in years of schooling).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>APOE ε4 carriers who grew up in states with low education resources experienced an accelerated rate of cognitive decline compared to carriers from states with high education resources. For noncarriers, the rate of cognitive decline was not statistically different across educational contexts.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Ensuring access to high-quality education may serve as an effective social policy to slow cognitive decline among future cohorts of older adults at high genetic risk of dementia.</p>","PeriodicalId":520811,"journal":{"name":"The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144532901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimism and Cognitive Functioning Trajectories in a Cohort of Aging Men.","authors":"Victoria R Marino, Laura D Kubzansky, Francine Grodstein, Samsuk Kim, Avron Spiro, Lewina O Lee","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbaf139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbaf139","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Robust evidence supports optimism as an asset for good physical and emotional health in aging populations, but its role in cognitive aging remains understudied. This study evaluated whether higher optimism levels would be prospectively associated with higher initial levels and slower decline in cognitive functioning over 26 years in a community-dwelling cohort of aging men.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants included 847 men from the Veterans Affairs Normative Aging Study who completed the Revised Optimism-Pessimism scale of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 in 1986 and ≥1 cognitive assessment repeated triennially in 1993-2019. At each assessment, scores from 7 cognitive tests were combined into a global composite and 3 domain-specific composites: verbal memory, executive functioning, and visuospatial ability. Mixed-effects regression models evaluated the associations between optimism and cognitive trajectories.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher optimism levels were associated with higher initial levels but not less decline in global cognitive functioning over time (B = 0.04, 95%CI: 0.001, 0.07), adjusted for demographics, practice effects, and lag between optimism assessment and the first cognitive assessment. In domain-specific analyses, optimism was associated with higher initial levels but not magnitude of decline in verbal memory (B = 0.06, 95%CI: 0.01, 0.12), and unrelated to executive functioning or visuospatial ability trajectories.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This study adds specificity to a nascent literature linking optimism to cognitive aging, indicating an association with initial levels, but not decline-particularly in verbal memory-in older men. Examining these relationships earlier in life may further clarify the etiologic role of optimism in cognitive health across the developmental span.</p>","PeriodicalId":520811,"journal":{"name":"The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144715256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expanding our scope: embracing mixed methods research in the psychological science of aging.","authors":"Rodlescia S Sneed, Annie L Nguyen","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbaf109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbaf109","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520811,"journal":{"name":"The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences","volume":"80 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144715260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceived Spousal Similarity in Outlook on Life: Implications for Later-Life Well-Being.","authors":"Yue Qin, Sara Moorman, Michal Engelman","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbaf134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbaf134","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>People tend to choose marital partners who are similar to themselves, and spouses become increasingly similar in some respects due to shared life experiences. However, it is unknown whether spousal similarity contributes to the health of married people in later life. This study investigates whether and how spousal similarity in outlook on life is linked to later-life well-being.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used data from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study, a long-running prospective study following graduates from Wisconsin high schools in 1957 and their selected siblings. We measured perceived spousal similarity in outlook on life at both the individual (ie, self-evaluation) and couple (ie, concordance/discordance in evaluations between spouses) levels when participants were, 65 years old, on average. Later-life well-being was measured by self-rated general health, functional limitations, loneliness, depression, and cognitive health 16 years later.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Reporting strong spousal similarity in outlook on life was associated with lower risks of loneliness and cognitive impairment in later life, after controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, spousal similarity in other aspects, individual outlook on life, marital quality, and marital dissolution. Compared with both spouses reporting \"very similar,\" reporting less spousal similarity than the spouse was associated with higher risks of loneliness and cognitive impairment, after controlling for those covariates.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Spousal similarity is an important marital attribute that could shape health inequality among married people. It is associated with less loneliness and cognitive impairment in later life. Self-perception of spousal similarity appears to better predict later-life well-being than concordance/discordance in both spouses' evaluations.</p>","PeriodicalId":520811,"journal":{"name":"The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144715258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reaffirming the vision of the journal and recognizing our heroes.","authors":"S Duke Han","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbaf113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbaf113","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520811,"journal":{"name":"The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences","volume":"80 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144715261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sleep Longer, Think Sharper: Extra Sleep Offsets Poor Sleep Quality in Young-Old Adults.","authors":"Kyoungmin Cho, Soomi Lee","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbaf132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbaf132","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Sleep and cognitive functioning are linked. Yet, how sleep hours and sleep quality shape day-to-day subjective cognition, including cognitive interference and memory lapses, remains unclear. This study examined the unique and joint associations of sleep hours and quality with daily cognitive interference and memory lapses, investigating age-related variations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants were 915 adults (aged 43-83) from the Midlife in the United States Study who completed eight days' diaries. Multilevel models evaluated the unique and joint associations of sleep hours and sleep quality with cognitive interference and memory lapses focusing at the within-person level, beyond between-person associations. Age-stratified models explored potential differences across age groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Poorer sleep quality was associated with increased next-day cognitive interference, controlling for sleep hours. Individuals with poorer sleep quality across the study period also experienced greater cognitive interference and more frequent memory lapses. The association between poorer sleep quality and heightened cognitive interference was mitigated both on days when sleep hours were longer than usual and among individuals with longer sleep hours than others in the sample. Age-stratified analyses demonstrated that longer daily and habitual sleep hours mitigated the adverse effects of poorer sleep quality on cognitive interference only in adults aged 60-67.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Poor sleep hours and quality may impair daily cognition, yet extra sleep hours can mitigate the negative association of poor sleep quality on daily cognitive interference, especially among young-old adults. These findings highlight the nuanced interplay of sleep hours, sleep quality, and age in shaping daily cognition.</p>","PeriodicalId":520811,"journal":{"name":"The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144645230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}