The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease最新文献

{"title":"The impact of TB on the risk of bronchiectasis: a nationwide cohort study.","authors":"S M Moon, K-N Lee, K Han, D W Shin, H Lee","doi":"10.5588/ijtld.25.0559","DOIUrl":"10.5588/ijtld.25.0559","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><sec><title>BACKGROUND</title>Post-TB lung disease contributes substantially to long-term morbidity, with bronchiectasis being a frequent sequela. However, its incidence and risk factors at the population level remain poorly defined.</sec><sec><title>METHODS</title>We conducted a nationwide cohort study including 12,626 TB survivors diagnosed between 2013 and 2017, matched 1:3 by age and sex to 37,878 controls. Participants were followed until bronchiectasis diagnosis, death, or December 2018. Incidence, relative risks, and risk factors were assessed.</sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title>During a median follow-up of 5.4 years, 875 bronchiectasis cases occurred. TB survivors showed a higher incidence than controls (7.09 vs. 1.98 per 1,000 person-years; <i>P</i> < 0.001) and a 2.68-fold elevated risk (95% confidence interval, 2.30-3.11). Risk was particularly elevated in younger individuals (<60 years, adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 3.06), never- or light smokers (aHR 2.91-3.89), those with low comorbidity burden (aHR 3.39), and those without chronic airway disease (aHR 2.93). Within TB survivors, age ≥60 years, low body mass index, low income, and chronic airway disease were independent risk factors of bronchiectasis.</sec><sec><title>CONCLUSION</title>TB survivors had a markedly higher risk of bronchiectasis, highlighting the importance of vigilant follow-up and preventive strategies to reduce long-term respiratory complications.</sec>.</p>","PeriodicalId":520801,"journal":{"name":"The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease","volume":"30 5","pages":"217-224"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147795706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TB manifests as infertility: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"A M Simanjuntak, F Gracia, A Sakh, R C Harliman, I Hutagaol, N P Kusika Saputra, I Yovi, R R Razali, J Sihotang, A Sholeh, D Rosdiana, H Ginting, M Veronica","doi":"10.5588/ijtld.25.0429","DOIUrl":"10.5588/ijtld.25.0429","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><sec><title>BACKGROUND</title>TB in the form of genital TB (GTB) is known to cause infertility but does not have typical respiratory symptoms, so patients are not aware of it. Meta-analysis studies showing the magnitude of such cases are not prevalent.</sec><sec><title>OBJECTIVE</title>To analyse prevalence of cases and outcomes through meta-analysis.</sec><sec><title>METHODS</title>Various databases were searched using keywords based on the Patient, Exposure, Comparison, Outcome, and Studies (PECOS) framework. Analysis used Joanna Briggs Institute's Critical Appraisal for risk of bias, followed by meta-analysis. Data were collated using forest plots and comparative tables.</sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title>11 articles were accepted out of 1,546 articles, with this study involving 2,197 infertility patients. GTB found in approximately 26% of cases among women (10% endometrial and 25% fallopian tube). Male cases cannot be analysed due to lack of detailed study. Most patients do not have any clinical manifestation except infertility. Approximately 12% of patients with Infertility due to GTB could be pregnant.</sec><sec><title>CONCLUSION</title>Infertility was observed in 15% of women with GTB in this study, and 67% of cases were primary infertility.</sec>.</p>","PeriodicalId":520801,"journal":{"name":"The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease","volume":"30 5","pages":"193-197"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147795704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reducing stigma among vulnerable populations with TB: insights from a community intervention.","authors":"S P Rajaram, R Ranjan, A Kar, K Kumarasamy, J F Munjattu, A Shah, R Swamickan, M Dias, R Begum","doi":"10.5588/ijtld.25.0278","DOIUrl":"10.5588/ijtld.25.0278","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><sec><title>BACKGROUND</title>Addressing stigma is essential for effective TB control. This study assessed the impact of behaviour change solutions (BCSs) in reducing TB-stigma among specific vulnerable populations (including migrants, mining/industrial workers, tea garden workers, tribal communities, and urban/metro populations) in Assam, Bihar, Karnataka, and Telangana, India.</sec><sec><title>METHODS</title>Two cross-sectional surveys were conducted under the 'Breaking the Barriers' initiative. A total of 2,153 participants at baseline and 2,146 at endline, including men and women aged 18 and older, reported experiencing stigma in various settings, including health care, home, community, and workplace, which negatively affected their TB care. Changes in stigma levels were assessed by socio-demographic characteristics (e.g., sex, age, education, religion, marital status, and income). The treatment effect of BCSs on stigma encounters was estimated using the nearest neighbourhood method.</sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title>TB-stigma decreased from 43% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 41.0%-45.2%) to 30% (95% CI: 28.2%-32.1%) between baseline and endline surveys (<i>P</i> < 0.001). Significant reductions were observed among the most vulnerable groups, except urban populations in Bihar and Karnataka. Stigma declined across various demographic segments. BCS interventions, such as TB Champion Health Worker (TBCHW) engagement, Jaanch Coupons, and TB Mukt Certificates, had a positive and significant effect on reducing stigma (>10 percentage points).</sec><sec><title>CONCLUSION</title>The findings underscore the importance of community-level interventions through certain BCSs, particularly TBCHW engagement, and distribution of coupons and certificates in mitigating TB-stigma among vulnerable populations. Such insights are crucial to shaping policies and programmes aimed at reducing stigma.</sec>.</p>","PeriodicalId":520801,"journal":{"name":"The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease","volume":"30 5","pages":"203-210"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147795738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety of long-term use of contezolid for TB and non-TB mycobacteria infections.","authors":"K Cheng, C Yan, X Li, J Nai, X Yang, J Xu","doi":"10.5588/ijtld.25.0486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.25.0486","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520801,"journal":{"name":"The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease","volume":"30 5","pages":"231-233"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147795745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Threshold cost of delivering preventive treatment for household contacts of people with multidrug-resistant TB.","authors":"N Young, J H Lee, A Gupta, G Churchyard, A C Hesseling, S Swindells, B Martel, L Mbata, S Patil, C Riviere, M Tonquin, G J Fox, T Garg, H Sohn, D W Dowdy","doi":"10.5588/ijtld.25.0535","DOIUrl":"10.5588/ijtld.25.0535","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520801,"journal":{"name":"The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease","volume":"30 5","pages":"225-227"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147795736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tongue swab Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra testing for TB using a revised consensus protocol.","authors":"B Ajide, C A Moe, J Barrameda, M Chirwa, L Rockman, P de Haas, M de Vos, M Kato-Maeda, B Tasca, J Bimba, C Yu, C M Denkinger, K Kremer, P Nahid, A Cattamanchi, G Theron, M Muyoyeta","doi":"10.5588/ijtld.25.0520","DOIUrl":"10.5588/ijtld.25.0520","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><sec><title>BACKGROUND</title>Tongue swabs are a promising specimen type for TB diagnosis. In a previous study, using a consensus protocol, tongue swabs tested with Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra outperformed sputum smear microscopy, but a substantial proportion (6.1%) of results were non-actionable (e.g., invalid/error). We evaluated a revised protocol for tongue swab Xpert Ultra testing in four high-burden countries.</sec><sec><title>METHODS</title>Participants aged ≥12 years with presumptive TB were enrolled from outpatient clinics in the Philippines, South Africa, Nigeria, and Zambia. Tongue swabs were processed using Sample Reagent (SR, Cepheid, USA) diluted 2:1 with phosphate buffer or phosphate-buffered saline and tested with Xpert Ultra. Diagnostic performance was assessed against culture-based microbiological reference standard and compared to sputum tests.</sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title>From March to November 2024, 1,168 participants were enrolled (median age 37 [IQR: 28-48] years; 46.7% female; 21.8% living with HIV; 18.5% culture-confirmed TB). The proportion of non-actionable tongue swab results was 5.6% overall, but <4% in all countries except South Africa (15.4%). Tongue swab sensitivity was 66.0% (95% CI: 59.0-72.5); specificity was 99.6% (95% CI: 98.9-99.9).</sec><sec><title>CONCLUSION</title>The revised protocol yielded low error rates at most sites and moderate sensitivity, supporting tongue swabs as an alternative specimen for Xpert Ultra testing when sputum is unavailable.</sec>.</p>","PeriodicalId":520801,"journal":{"name":"The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease","volume":"30 5","pages":"211-216"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147795724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using secondary costing data to inform priority setting: a survey of current approaches for TB.","authors":"C Nemzoff, N A Menzies, F Bozzani, F McQuaid, R G White, S Sweeney","doi":"10.5588/ijtld.25.0262","DOIUrl":"10.5588/ijtld.25.0262","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><sec><title>OBJECTIVE</title>Estimation of unit costs is essential for priority setting and programme planning. Cost analyses commonly use secondary data for some or all cost inputs. However, little is known about how practitioners select and adapt secondary cost estimates. The objective of this study was to describe the current practice in applying secondary unit cost data to estimate the unit costs for national prioritisation exercises.</sec><sec><title>METHODS</title>We developed a survey for current costing practitioners, using TB as a case study. Our approach included: defining a conceptual framework for analysis; developing a survey instrument; conducting key informant interviews with costing practitioners; and analysing interview responses using descriptive statistics and narrative synthesis.</sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title>We surveyed 22 respondents. Cost analyses were mostly used for investment cases, national strategic plans, and budgeting and financial planning. Analyses were generally completed in small teams and used a range of data sources, with preference given to locally produced cost data. Data availability and accuracy were the most common drivers in selecting cost estimates. Most respondents transferred evidence from other settings by adjusting for intervention relevance, time, and scale.</sec><sec><title>CONCLUSION</title>The findings from this study complement existing costing guidance by describing how secondary cost analysis is done in practice. Further practical guidance on conducting secondary cost analysis, including practical methodological instructions, would benefit practitioners.</sec>.</p>","PeriodicalId":520801,"journal":{"name":"The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease","volume":"30 4","pages":"156-160"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147535620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal trends in treatment strategies and outcomes of newly diagnosed <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> complex pulmonary disease.","authors":"J Bae, Y Cho, J-Y Kim, J-J Yim, N Kwak","doi":"10.5588/ijtld.25.0407","DOIUrl":"10.5588/ijtld.25.0407","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><sec><title>BACKGROUND</title>This study aimed to investigate the trends in treatment patterns and outcomes over the past 15 years among patients with <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> complex pulmonary disease (MAC-PD) treated at a tertiary hospital in South Korea.</sec><sec><title>METHODS</title>Patients with newly diagnosed MAC-PD, who were treated at Seoul National University Hospital between 1 January 2011 to 31 August 2024, were categorised into three groups according to the date of initial treatment: group 1 (2011-2015), group 2 (2016-2020), and group 3 (2021-2024). Changes in patient characteristics, treatment patterns, and clinical outcomes were analysed.</sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title>A total of 624 patients were included (141, 240, and 243 in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively). While the use of rifampicin declined, the use of azithromycin, inhaled or intravenous amikacin, and clofazimine increased over time. The probability of culture conversion progressively improved (Tarone-Ware test, <i>P</i> < 0.001), and the microbiological cure rate increased from 39.0% in group 1 to 49.2% and 61.8% in groups 2 and 3, respectively (<i>P</i> for trend < 0.001).</sec><sec><title>CONCLUSION</title>Since 2011, treatment strategies for MAC-PD have evolved toward a more proactive approach, accompanied by a gradual improvement in treatment outcomes.</sec>.</p>","PeriodicalId":520801,"journal":{"name":"The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease","volume":"30 4","pages":"161-166"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147535574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of dried plasma spots to monitor rifampicin concentrations in resource-constrained settings.","authors":"S Santhosh, B W Aruldhas, D J Christopher, R Prabha, B Thangagunam, B S Mathew","doi":"10.5588/ijtld.25.0332","DOIUrl":"10.5588/ijtld.25.0332","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><sec><title>BACKGROUND</title>Tuberculosis remains to be the leading cause of mortality amongst infectious diseases with rifampicin being the cornerstone of treatment. However, subtherapeutic concentrations of rifampicin can contribute to treatment failure and drug resistance. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is essential but challenging in resource-limited settings. This study evaluated the analytical technique of rifampicin quantification using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) from dried plasma spots (DPS), followed by a clinical validation comparing DPS and plasma samples to quantify rifampicin in patients with TB.</sec><sec><title>METHODS</title>An HPLC (with ultraviolet detector) assay was developed and validated to estimate rifampicin from DPS (prepared from Whatman^® Grade 1 filter paper). Clinical validation involved 61 patients with TB, where the association and bias of rifampicin concentration between DPS and its respective plasma samples were estimated using weighted Deming regression and Bland-Altman analysis.</sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title>The DPS assay demonstrated an acceptable overall bias (range: -10.2% to 8.5%) and precision (intra-day and inter-day coefficient of variation < 7%) at different concentrations. Stability of rifampicin in DPS samples was established for up to 12 days at room temperature. Clinical validation confirmed the need for a correction equation to predict plasma rifampicin concentration from the DPS concentration. The predictive model had a mean bias of 0.27 µg/mL, sensitivity of 93.8%, and specificity of 91.1% for identifying therapeutic concentrations (8-24 µg/mL).</sec><sec><title>CONCLUSION</title>DPS using Whatman^® Grade 1 filter paper is a reliable and cost-effective alternative sampling strategy for TDM of rifampicin, particularly in resource-limited settings.</sec>.</p>","PeriodicalId":520801,"journal":{"name":"The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease","volume":"30 4","pages":"174-179"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147535598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The diagnostic accuracy of interferon-gamma release assay for TB infection in children under 5 years: a systematic review with meta-analysis.","authors":"S Debulpaep, H Van Overschelde, L Pieters, A Soler-Garcia, A Noguera-Julian, T Goetghebuer, P Schelstraete, M Hainaut, N S Pauwels","doi":"10.5588/ijtld.25.0341","DOIUrl":"10.5588/ijtld.25.0341","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><sec><title>BACKGROUND</title>Interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) have largely replaced the tuberculin skin test (TST) for diagnosing TB infection (TBI) in low-TB-burden countries, except in young children. This review assesses the diagnostic accuracy of IGRAs in children under 5 years old, using TST as a reference, for detecting TBI.</sec><sec><title>METHODS</title>A systematic review was conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and LILACS to identify studies published up to November 2024 that performed simultaneous IGRA and TST for TBI in children under five in low-TB-prevalence settings. Studies in mid- or high-burden countries involving immunocompromised children, TB disease, or non-TB mycobacteria, as well as studies lacking paired IGRA and TST, were excluded. A meta-analysis quantified the sensitivity and specificity of IGRA and explored heterogeneity.</sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title>Thirty-one reports met the inclusion criteria, providing 5,679 paired results. Compared to the TST, pooled sensitivity for IGRAs was 87.3% (95% confidence interval: 73.0-94.1), while specificity reached 98.3% (95% confidence interval: 95.7-99.2).</sec><sec><title>CONCLUSION</title>These findings support the use of IGRA for diagnosing TBI in young children in low-prevalence settings. We recommend a cautious approach in high-risk children, including the combination of both tests.</sec>.</p>","PeriodicalId":520801,"journal":{"name":"The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease","volume":"30 4","pages":"147-155"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147535581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}