Saudi journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Saudi Gastroenterology Association最新文献

{"title":"Saudi consensus statements on the management of irritable bowel syndrome.","authors":"Mohammed A Alzahrani, Saeed R Alzubide, Ehab Abufarhaneh, Abdullah M Alqaraawi, Reem A Alamro, Muslih Alhalafi, Abdulrhman Alamr, Mohammed Alsulaimi, Waleed R Alshumrani, Salem M Alotaibi, Giovanni Marasco, Lukas M Balsiger, Fahad Alsohaibani, Daniel Pohl, Majid A Almadi","doi":"10.4103/sjg.sjg_472_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/sjg.sjg_472_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a prevalent, chronic functional gastrointestinal disorder that significantly impairs patients' quality of life. To promote standardized and high-quality care, the Saudi Neurogastroenterology and Motility Group, under the auspices of Saudi Gastroenterology Association (SGA) and in collaboration with the European Society of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (ESNM), developed evidence based clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of IBS in Saudi Arabia. Using a modified Delphi methodology, consensus was reached when at least 80% of participants agreed with a statement as \"completely accepted\" or \"accepted with minor reservations.\" This process resulted in 29 consensus statements and two clinical algorithms addressing diagnostic criteria, clinical assessment, investigations, lifestyle modifications, and therapeutic strategies. The resulting guidelines provide a comprehensive framework for IBS diagnosis and management, highlight emerging treatment options, and outline areas requiring further research to enhance patient outcomes and guide future clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":520774,"journal":{"name":"Saudi journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Saudi Gastroenterology Association","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147635650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal trends in hepatic steatosis and its risk factors among young adults: A comparative cohort study.","authors":"Abdullah M Alsaeed, Ghaida AlMasaad, Nouf M Alharbi, Lenah AlAseem, Rema F AlRashed, Ajeed M Al Rashoud, Rakan A Aldoghmani, Norah Alkathiri, Yazeed Alsulaim, Khaled B AlSulaim, Saud M Alshahrani, Khalid Almufarriji, Maram Alkhammash, Faisal M Sanai, Waleed Al Hamoudi, Khalid A Alswat","doi":"10.4103/sjg.sjg_484_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/sjg.sjg_484_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Metabolic-dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is increasingly affecting younger populations worldwide, yet early-phase data from low-risk, health-literate groups remain limited. This study aimed to evaluate temporal changes in the prevalence and risk factors of hepatic steatosis among medical students across two cohorts 6 years apart.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We enrolled 489 medical students from King Saud University across two cross-sectional cohorts (2017: n = 301; 2023: n = 188). All underwent noninvasive liver assessment using transient elastography (FibroScan®, controlled attenuation parameter [CAP] ≥248 dB/m indicating steatosis). Demographic, anthropometric, and lifestyle data were collected via standardized questionnaires. Logistic regression identified independent steatosis predictors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall prevalence of hepatic steatosis was 21.1%, increasing from 18.6% in 2017 to 25.0% in 2023 (P = 0.092). Students with steatosis had significantly higher BMI, waist circumference, and obesity prevalence (all P < 0.01). Advanced fibrosis (≥F2) was rare (1.6%). Male sex and central adiposity were strongly associated with steatosis. In the 2023 cohort, strength training was less common among those with steatosis (34.8% vs 69.4%, P = 0.002). Frequent fast-food intake and reduced consumption of antioxidant-rich foods were associated with steatosis in univariable analysis but lost significance after adjustment. A self-reported history of fatty liver remained the only independent predictor (adjusted OR = 6.28; 95% CI: 1.14-47.8; P = 0.042).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This cross-sectional comparative study of two medical student cohorts, 6 years apart, reveals a rising prevalence of hepatic steatosis among young adults. Despite low rates of advanced fibrosis, many showed early metabolic risk markers. These findings highlight the need for early screening and preventive strategies targeting youth at risk for MASLD.</p>","PeriodicalId":520774,"journal":{"name":"Saudi journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Saudi Gastroenterology Association","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147477917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using breath tests in gastroenterology: Clear and reliable practitioner guide in 2025.","authors":"Ehab Abufarhaneh, Safiya Ibnawadh, Reuben K M Wong","doi":"10.4103/sjg.sjg_453_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/sjg.sjg_453_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Breath tests have transformed the non-invasive diagnosis of gastrointestinal disorders. These tests utilize the fundamental idea that gases generated by bacterial metabolism, or enzymatic processes in the gastrointestinal system can be identified in exhaled breath, offering diagnostic insights into numerous clinical conditions. The clinical application of breath testing has significantly advanced, transitioning from basic qualitative evaluations to complex quantitative analyses that enhance contemporary gastroenterological therapy. The advancement of breath testing technologies has coincided with our comprehension of gastrointestinal physiology and bacteria. The current spectrum of tests for evaluating carbohydrate malabsorption, bacterial overgrowth, and intestinal transit has become essential to patient care. Their non-invasive characteristics, coupled with superior safety profiles and moderate costs, have established breath tests as primary diagnostic tools in numerous clinical situations. This review offers an updated insight on the utilization of breath tests in present day practice of gastroenterology.</p>","PeriodicalId":520774,"journal":{"name":"Saudi journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Saudi Gastroenterology Association","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147373781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenotyping and symptom diagnostic accuracy in unproven gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD): An experience from Saudi GI Motility Labs.","authors":"Mohammed A Alzahrani, Ibrahim M Almanjahi, Abdullah A Alquzi, Abdulaziz H Alamri, Abdullah M Shahrani, Mohammed S Mukharrib, Saad A AlQahtani, Eman A Almahjani, Aishah M Alahmari, Sarah H Asiri, Mohra S Alqahtani, Alanoud I Asiri, Bushra Y Alsharif, Bader S Alahmari, Osamah H Abu Hawi, Mushabbab S Hammad, Khalid Y Nabrawi, Ali M Alamari, Abdullah A Al-Shahrani, Abdullah M Alshehri, Abdullah M Algarni","doi":"10.4103/sjg.sjg_43_26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/sjg.sjg_43_26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The recent Saudi Gastroenterology Association (SGA) clinical care pathway for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) recommends objective physiologic testing in patients with persistent reflux symptoms and normal endoscopy. This study aimed to phenotype patients with unproven GERD using 24-h multichannel intraluminal impedance-pH (MII-pH) monitoring and high-resolution manometry (HRM), and to evaluate the diagnostic utility of reflux symptoms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective cohort study, adult patients with reflux-like symptoms and either normal endoscopy or Los Angeles grade A esophagitis underwent off-proton pump inhibitor MII-pH monitoring and HRM, between July 2020 and September 2025. GERD phenotypes were classified as non-erosive reflux disease (NERD), reflux hypersensitivity (RH), or functional heartburn (FH) according to the Lyon Consensus v2.0 and SGA clinical care pathway guidelines. Manometric findings were interpreted using the Chicago Classification criteria. The sensitivity and specificity of typical and extra-esophageal symptoms for identifying NERD were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 117 patients were included (median age 39 years; 53.85% male). Phenotyping identified 27.35% as NERD, 47.86% as RH, and 24.79% as FH. Symptom profiles overlapped across groups. Median acid exposure time and mean nocturnal baseline impedance showed expected physiologic gradients, with the highest acid burden and lowest impedance in NERD. Abnormal esophageal motility was present in 34.2%, most commonly ineffective esophageal motility. Heartburn and regurgitation were highly sensitive (93.75% and 90.62%, respectively), but poorly specific (8.24% and 15.29%, respectively) for NERD, whereas cough and laryngitis were highly specific (88.24% and 84.71%, respectively), but minimally sensitive (6.25% and 9.38%, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>RH and FH predominate in patients with unproven GERD. Symptom assessment alone is insufficient for accurate diagnosis, although typical symptoms retain screening value due to their high sensitivity. These findings highlight the need for integrated physiologic testing to guide precise phenotyping and individualized management.</p>","PeriodicalId":520774,"journal":{"name":"Saudi journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Saudi Gastroenterology Association","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147373786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetic sphincter augmentation versus conversion to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass for gastroesophageal reflux disease following sleeve gastrectomy in patients with body mass index <30: A single-center comparative study.","authors":"Ashraf A Maghrabi, Moaz Abulfaraj","doi":"10.4103/sjg.sjg_37_26","DOIUrl":"10.4103/sjg.sjg_37_26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) affects 20%-30% of patients after sleeve gastrectomy (SG). In patients with a body mass index (BMI) <30 kg/m 2 , the optimal surgical approach-magnetic sphincter augmentation (MSA) or conversion to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB)-remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively compared outcomes of MSA ( n = 20) and RYGB ( n = 25) in patients with BMI <30 kg/m 2 and refractory post-SG GERD at King Abdulaziz University Hospital (2019-2024). Inclusion required objective evidence of GERD despite ≥6 months of optimized proton pump inhibitor therapy. The primary outcome was GERD resolution. Secondary outcomes included proton pump inhibitor cessation, complications, weight trajectory, and diabetes remission at a minimum follow-up of 18 months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>GERD resolution occurred in 70% of patients who underwent MSA and 85% of those who underwent RYGB. Proton pump inhibitor cessation rates were 65% and 80%, with lower postoperative GERD-health-related quality of life (HRQL) scores in the RYGB group. Early dysphagia was more common after MSA (30% vs. 4%). MSA was associated with weight stability, whereas RYGB resulted in significant weight reduction. Diabetes remission occurred in 75% of patients, who underwent RYGB.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both procedures effectively managed post-SG GERD in patients with low BMI. MSA offers weight-neutral reflux control, shorter operative time, and no supplementation requirements. RYGB provides superior symptom control and metabolic benefits, including diabetes remission.</p>","PeriodicalId":520774,"journal":{"name":"Saudi journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Saudi Gastroenterology Association","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147358716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The global, regional, and national patterns of change in the burden of gastroesophageal reflux disease, 1990-2021: An analysis of the global burden of disease study 2021 and forecast to 2036.","authors":"Baoqing Liu, Shengwei Ji, Wangxin Zhou, Maowei Pei","doi":"10.4103/sjg.sjg_376_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/sjg.sjg_376_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 indicate a growing global burden of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), with significant variations across regions and socio-demographic index (SDI) levels. Ongoing monitoring is essential to inform prevention strategies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using GBD 2021 data, we estimated incidence, prevalence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), their age-standardized rates (ASRs), and average annual percentage changes (AAPCs) for GERD from 1990 to 2021. We also evaluated health inequalities by SDI and performed Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) modeling for projections.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Between 1990 and 2021, GERD prevalent cases, incident cases, and DALYs increased by 83.15%, 80.06%, and 82.46%, respectively. All ASRs showed a steady rises with AAPCs of 0.11 (incidence and prevalence) and 0.12 (DALYs). Age-specific trends revealed increasing ASRs in those under 50 but declines in those over 50, suggesting a shift toward younger populations. A negative correlation was observed between SDI and GERD burden across 204 countries and 21 regions. Health inequality measures (Slope Index of Inequality and Concentration Index) widened over time, indicating increasing disparities between high- and low-SDI countries. Projections suggest a continued increase in the global GERD burden through 2036.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>GERD remains a persistent public health challenge, particularly affecting younger and middle-aged populations, and low-SDI regions. Targeted resource allocation and improved disease management are urgently needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":520774,"journal":{"name":"Saudi journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Saudi Gastroenterology Association","volume":" ","pages":"150-162"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13021208/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145795997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of 24-hour urine output trajectories on intra-abdominal hypertension risk in acute pancreatitis patients: Insights from MIMIC-IV database.","authors":"Shuo Wang, Xiang Li, Yifan Cui","doi":"10.4103/sjg.sjg_190_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/sjg.sjg_190_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) is a common complication in patients with acute pancreatitis (AP), closely associated with reduced urine output. However, relationship between alterations in urine output and IAH in AP patients remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective study was conducted using Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC-IV). The latent class trajectory model was employed to categorize AP patients’ 24-hour urine output trajectories. Logistic regression models were used to examine variations in IAH prevalence among different trajectory classes. Survival curves were plotted to investigate 30-day survival outcomes of AP patients across different trajectory classes. Robustness analysis was performed using inverse probability weighting regression adjustment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One hundred and ninety AP patients were included, and their 24-hour urine output trajectories were categorized using the potential class trajectory model, and the goodness-of-fit statistics showed that the three-class model was the best. Therefore, their 24-hour urine output trajectories were categorized into three classes: class 1 (≤0.5 mL/kg/h), class 2 (1.5–3 mL/kg/h), and class 3 (0.5–1 mL/kg/h). The logistic regression model revealed that, in the fully adjusted model, IAH prevalence was significantly lower in class 2 (1.5–3 mL/kg/h) compared to class 1 (≤0.5 mL/kg/h) (OR = 0.169, 95% CI: 0.033–0.790, P = 0.027). Survival analysis indicated that the survival rate in class 1 was significantly lower than that in class 3 (0.5–1 mL/kg/h) (P < 0.001). Robustness analysis yielded similar results. Sensitivity analyses such as inverse probability weighting further verified the robustness of the above correlation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We found that a persistently low 24-hour urine output trajectory was associated with an increased prevalence of IAH in patients with AP. The results of this study suggest that early urine output trajectory may serve as a potential indicator for identifying high-risk IAH patients and guiding their early intervention, while its clinical efficacy needs to be confirmed by future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":520774,"journal":{"name":"Saudi journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Saudi Gastroenterology Association","volume":" ","pages":"121-130"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13016598/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145796000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in the burden and quality of care for upper gastrointestinal diseases from 1990 to 2021: An analysis of the global burden of disease study 2021.","authors":"Qunying Zhao","doi":"10.4103/sjg.sjg_273_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/sjg.sjg_273_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Upper gastrointestinal (GI) diseases, primarily gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), peptic ulcer disease (PUD), and gastritis and duodenitis (GD), are highly prevalent, chronic, and recurrent conditions worldwide, imposing a substantial burden on population health and quality of life. However, long-term trends in their quality of care and the disease-specific burden remain poorly characterized. This study aimed to analyze global trends in the disease burden and quality of care for upper-GI diseases, from 1990 to 2021.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Based on data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021, we analyzed the global temporal trends in the incidence, prevalence, mortality, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), years of life lost, years lived with disability, and their age-standardized rates of upper-GI diseases and the three main subtypes (GERD, PUD and GD), from 1990 to 2021. We further assessed trends in the Quality-of-Care Index (QCI) and examined variations across regions, sexes, and age groups. Additionally, we conducted cross-national inequality analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 1990 to 2021, global case numbers of upper-GI diseases increased by 77.185% for incidence and 81.033% for prevalence, with modest rises in age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR; +1.794%) and prevalence rate (+2.130%). Age-standardized mortality rate and DALYs rate (ASDR) declined by 59.778% and 43.041%, respectively. The global QCI continued to rise, reaching 92.403 in 2021 with an estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) of 0.269 (95% CI: 0.262–0.276). Regions with lower sociodemographic indices (SDI) showed poorer care quality but greater improvement (EAPC =0.561). Females consistently maintained higher QCI scores than males, though this sex gap gradually narrowed. QCI declined with advancing age in elderly populations. Cross-national inequality analysis revealed that in 2021, the global slope index of inequality and concentration index for QCI were 9.612 (95% CI: 7.515–11.708) and 0.010 (95% CI: 0.005–0.014), respectively, showing reductions compared to 1990. Analysis of the component diseases revealed marked heterogeneity: the ASIR and ASDR for GERD showed an upward trend, whereas the corresponding indicators for PUD and GD declined substantially.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>During 1990–2021, despite the global trends of improvements in disease burden and the quality of care for upper-GI diseases, heterogeneity among diseases and inequalities in healthcare quality remain. Future efforts should prioritize international collaboration, particularly through targeted health system support for low-SDI countries, and adopt disease-specific, differentiated interventions aligned with each condition’s epidemiological profile, to advance global health equity goals.</p>","PeriodicalId":520774,"journal":{"name":"Saudi journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Saudi Gastroenterology Association","volume":"32 2","pages":"139-149"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13016597/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147314742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intermittent fasting and liver disease: Insights from the Ramadan model.","authors":"Rofida Khalifa, Khalid Al-Naamani, Mohamed Elbadry, Khalid Alswat, Mohamed El-Kassas","doi":"10.4103/sjg.sjg_120_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/sjg.sjg_120_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intermittent fasting (IF) has gained growing interest for its potential metabolic benefits. However, the unique physiological aspects of Ramadan fasting (RF), a culturally and religiously significant form of dry IF, remain underexplored, particularly regarding liver disease. RF imposes distinct metabolic and circadian challenges through prolonged daily fasting and altered meal timing, placing considerable demands on hepatic adaptability. Given the liver’s essential role in energy balance, metabolism, and inflammation, as well as the high prevalence of liver disease in many Muslim-majority regions, it is crucial to better understand how RF impacts liver health. This review synthesizes current evidence on how RF can impact liver function, including its effects on insulin sensitivity, autophagy, gut microbiota, gene expression, and inflammation-related pathways. We further reviewed the clinical implications of RF across the broad spectrum of liver conditions, from metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) to advanced cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and post-transplant states. By addressing this knowledge gap, this review offers an evidence-based foundation for culturally sensitive and risk-stratified fasting recommendations in individuals with liver disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":520774,"journal":{"name":"Saudi journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Saudi Gastroenterology Association","volume":" ","pages":"93-103"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13016601/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145440433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Building MASLD registries in the MENA region: From fragmented care to a learning health system.","authors":"Mohamed El-Kassas, Khalid M AlNaamani, Faisal M Sanai","doi":"10.4103/sjg.sjg_482_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/sjg.sjg_482_25","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520774,"journal":{"name":"Saudi journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Saudi Gastroenterology Association","volume":"32 2","pages":"81-84"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13016596/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147314757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}