Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics)最新文献_第2页

Shipping augmentative biocontrol agents. 运输增强型生物防治剂。

IF 0.6

Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics) Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.20506/rst.41.1.3304

E Vila, F Wäckers, J Klapwijk

{"title":"Shipping augmentative biocontrol agents.","authors":"E Vila, F Wäckers, J Klapwijk","doi":"10.20506/rst.41.1.3304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20506/rst.41.1.3304","url":null,"abstract":"The majority of worldwide trading in live arthropods is done by specialised companies that produce and distribute beneficial insects, mites and nematodes for augmentative biological control of pests on crops. These beneficial arthropods, predators or parasitoids of crop pests and some nuisance species, which are harmless to humans, plants and other animals, are mass-reared, transported and released in the target environment as a viable alternative to chemical pesticides. As such, they play a major role in achieving a more sustainable and regenerative agriculture. Thousands of international air shipments are performed yearly by up to 30 major companies. Over the decades that this industry has been active, no significant transport problems have arisen. This is due to stringent standards that the industry has generated, including designated departments to deal with quality control and logistics, as well as guides for each species concerning packaging, storage and transport conditions. In addition, transporters always adhere to the regulatory standards of the importing and exporting countries, which is attested to by the documents included by the companies with each shipment. Two major issues arise when shipping live arthropods: first, the need to maintain stable environmental conditions within the shipping units (maintaining a cool chain) and, second, minimising transport time (preventing delays). This paper discusses the procedures implemented by the companies to assure quality, the documents required and provided currently, and the challenges to the safe transportation of beneficial organisms.","PeriodicalId":520770,"journal":{"name":"Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics)","volume":" ","pages":"75-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40583642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Streamlining cross-border shipping of live invertebrates. 简化活体无脊椎动物的跨境运输。

IF 0.6

Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics) Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.20506/rst.41.1.3315

M Wohlfarter, C F Oliva, C Nelson

{"title":"Streamlining cross-border shipping of live invertebrates.","authors":"M Wohlfarter, C F Oliva, C Nelson","doi":"10.20506/rst.41.1.3315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20506/rst.41.1.3315","url":null,"abstract":"The logistics of shipping live invertebrates should be straightforward: it requires timely delivery and packaging that ensures survival and confinement. The packaging is the responsibility of the shipper, whose interest is to maintain the product's quality during shipment and to ensure that no specimens escape. Timely delivery relies on the ability of the shipping agent to organise an efficient route of transport and carriers to fulfil their function effectively. This article explores this underserviced sector. While similar logistics capacity exists for other goods that require fast delivery (such as vaccines and fresh food), stakeholders who require live invertebrate shipping often have difficulties in finding transporters able or willing to handle such services. The authors bring examples from biocontrol, showing the current complexity and inconsistency of logistics. For some countries and stakeholders, this issue can be a significant barrier to the growth of a sustainable biocontrol sector. The authors also explore misconceptions (about packaging, liability and paperwork) and unclear rules (such as requiring generic veterinary certificates that are rarely relevant for invertebrates) that may cause express courier companies to refuse carrying live invertebrates. These issues often result in packages not being handled as a priority during transport connections or customs clearance, and significant delivery delays. The authors propose improvements that could streamline transport through changes that fit within existing shipping processes. This article is furthermore intended as a call to transport and inspection stakeholders to use the existing guidance and other resources to support this underdeveloped sector more effectively.","PeriodicalId":520770,"journal":{"name":"Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics)","volume":" ","pages":"178-190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40581131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Safety, regulatory and environmental issues with sterile insect technique-based mosquito vector control in European countries. 欧洲国家基于昆虫不育技术的蚊媒控制的安全、监管和环境问题。

IF 0.6

Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics) Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.20506/rst.41.1.3314

R Bellini

{"title":"Safety, regulatory and environmental issues with sterile insect technique-based mosquito vector control in European countries.","authors":"R Bellini","doi":"10.20506/rst.41.1.3314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20506/rst.41.1.3314","url":null,"abstract":"The globalisation of trade is opening the way to the spread of species in new regions where they may cause negative impacts. Invasive mosquito species such as Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are raising concern for their capacity to transmit several arboviruses of public health and veterinary importance. Currently available integrated vector management measures do not achieve satisfactory results when deployed against these urban mosquitoes. Moreover, insecticides are losing their effectiveness owing to the resistance developed by the target species. Policies regulating the use of insecticides are progressively restricting their market availability and this trend is expected to continue. Genetic control methods, such as the sterile insect technique (SIT), based on the use of irradiation to sterilise male mosquitoes, are showing good efficacy in pilot trials at local scales in some Aedes albopictus-colonised urban areas in Europe, without any negative effects. The main limitation is the cost, which may be significantly reduced through the introduction of automation in the mass rearing and drone technology in the field release. These technological advancements require substantial investments at a scale that can only be achieved with centralised production and extensive distribution, which in turn may be granted only if the authorisation frameworks, including the regulation of international transportation and aerial release in an urban setting, are clarified and matured.","PeriodicalId":520770,"journal":{"name":"Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics)","volume":" ","pages":"170-177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40581132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Different bees as vectors for entomovectoring with enhanced pollination and crop protection control: current practices, use cases and critical view on transport. 不同的蜜蜂作为媒介进行昆虫传播，加强授粉和作物保护控制:目前的做法，用例和对运输的批判观点。

IF 0.6

Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics) Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.20506/rst.41.1.3308

J Temmermans, G Smagghe

{"title":"Different bees as vectors for entomovectoring with enhanced pollination and crop protection control: current practices, use cases and critical view on transport.","authors":"J Temmermans, G Smagghe","doi":"10.20506/rst.41.1.3308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20506/rst.41.1.3308","url":null,"abstract":"Honeybees, bumblebees and other insects have been used commercially for pollination for many years, and microbial biocontrol agents have also been widely used in pest control. Pollinators and formulations of microbial pest-control agents are routinely transported internationally on a large scale. A novel approach has been developed to use bees as vectors of microbial agents by inoculating the surface of the pollinators using dispensers in modified hives. This innovation extends the market for these products and results in better yields. A successful entomovector system requires selecting the vector pollinator most appropriate for the crop and location, based on various criteria, in combination with a registered microbial agent. Currently, pollinators and microbial agents are packed separately and combined at the point of use. Local sourcing of the pollinator in the system reduces the need for long-distance shipping of these live insects and may improve efficiency due to local adaptation; however, it will delay use and benefits of the system until research at each site/country catches up with the work already conducted in a few countries. In the meantime, clear guidance for innovative systems employing live insects could support the promising increase in food production.","PeriodicalId":520770,"journal":{"name":"Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics)","volume":" ","pages":"107-116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40583639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Safety, regulatory and environmental issues related to breeding and international trade of edible insects in Africa. 与非洲食用昆虫的繁殖和国际贸易有关的安全、监管和环境问题。

IF 0.6

Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics) Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.20506/rst.41.1.3309

S Niassy, E R Omuse, N Roos, A Halloran, J Eilenberg, J P Egonyu, C Tanga, F Meutchieye, R Mwangi, S Subramanian, R Musundire, P O Y Nkunika, J P Anankware, J Kinyuru, A Yusuf, S Ekesi

{"title":"Safety, regulatory and environmental issues related to breeding and international trade of edible insects in Africa.","authors":"S Niassy, E R Omuse, N Roos, A Halloran, J Eilenberg, J P Egonyu, C Tanga, F Meutchieye, R Mwangi, S Subramanian, R Musundire, P O Y Nkunika, J P Anankware, J Kinyuru, A Yusuf, S Ekesi","doi":"10.20506/rst.41.1.3309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20506/rst.41.1.3309","url":null,"abstract":"Insect breeding or farming for food and feed is an emerging enterprise that can address the ever-growing demand for protein and curb high unemployment rates in Africa and beyond. However, for the sector to prosper, its value chain needs to be regulated to ensure sustainability and safety for consumers and the environment. Although a few African countries, such as Kenya, Uganda and Rwanda, have promulgated standards on the use of insects as food and feed, greater efforts are needed in other countries, and relevant policies governing the sector need to be formulated. All over the globe, attention to the regulation of the edible insect sector is increasing, and more investment in the industry is foreseen. Safety issues such as identifying which species should be reared, substrate quality and traceability imposed by importing countries will be critical for expansion of the sector. This paper analyses safety, regulatory and environmental issues related to breeding and international trade of edible insects in Africa and provides case studies and recommendations for sustainable use of insects for food and feed.","PeriodicalId":520770,"journal":{"name":"Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics)","volume":" ","pages":"117-131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40581137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Opportunities and recommendations for improved international shipment of live insects. 改进活昆虫国际运输的机会和建议。

IF 0.6

Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics) Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.20506/rst.41.1.3320

J D Mumford, M M Quinlan

引用次数: 0

Managing stakeholder concerns associated with releases of imported stock in insect control programmes. 在昆虫控制规划中管理与进口种群释放有关的利益攸关方关切。

IF 0.6

Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics) Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.20506/rst.41.1.3316

C M Collins, A Michaelakis

{"title":"Managing stakeholder concerns associated with releases of imported stock in insect control programmes.","authors":"C M Collins, A Michaelakis","doi":"10.20506/rst.41.1.3316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20506/rst.41.1.3316","url":null,"abstract":"A commitment to reducing pesticide use and the development of novel technologies are driving a renewed interest in insect-mediated pest and vector control programmes. Such programmes, along with conservation and pollination applications, lead to an increased transport volume of live insect stock. At release sites, concerns surrounding imported insects can be reduced by using local genotypes that have been mass-produced elsewhere. Remaining plausible concerns are likely to be centred on human factors (vector behaviour or capacity) and ecological factors (interacting species) and should be anticipated in the design of communication materials. Well-designed, locally relevant communication and engagement material is an important part of programme success. Stakeholder engagement is thus critical to reducing risks of perceived and plausible concerns affecting programme outcomes in an increasingly electronically connected world. Experience at release sites can help inform the design of accessible information useful at all stages of the transportation pathway. For transnationally transported insects, providing such information to specific stakeholders (e.g. courier companies and border authorities) will reduce the likelihood of delays, which can, in turn, affect the quality and mortality of the transported insects.","PeriodicalId":520770,"journal":{"name":"Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics)","volume":" ","pages":"191-197"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40581130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Risk assessment procedures in Argentina for the safe import, quarantine and release of biological control agents against pests. 阿根廷为安全进口、检疫和释放生物防治虫害剂制定的风险评估程序。

IF 0.6

Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics) Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.20506/rst.41.1.3313

M Sanchez, E Ferro, P Cortese

引用次数: 0

Pain and stress responses in farmed fish. 养殖鱼类的疼痛和应激反应。

IF 0.6

Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics) Pub Date : 2014-04-01 DOI: 10.20506/rst.33.1.2285

V A Braithwaite, L O E Ebbesson

{"title":"Pain and stress responses in farmed fish.","authors":"V A Braithwaite, L O E Ebbesson","doi":"10.20506/rst.33.1.2285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20506/rst.33.1.2285","url":null,"abstract":"Farming fish for human consumption continues to expand as an industry and, with this increasing interaction with captive fish populations, there is now a growing interest in determining how to create good welfare for the fish we farm. This article summarises recent advances in our understanding of pain and stress responses in fish and how these relate to farmed fish welfare. Over the last decade several studies have examined whether or not fish feel pain, how aversive the experience is, and how such experiences may be mitigated through the use of analgesics. The basic neural mechanisms that enable the detection of tissue damage, i.e. nociceptive mechanisms, appear to be broadly conserved from fish through to birds and mammals, however, there is debate about the extent of the negative feelings associated with pain and whether these are truly experienced by fish. The stress response that helps fish to cope with various challenges also appears to be largely conserved across vertebrates, and the physiological changes that occur in response to acute and chronic stress in fish are similar to those described for mammals. Therefore, fish appear to have the innate ability to experience negative states such as pain and stress in a way analogous to that experienced by other vertebrates. There are multiple situations in which farmed fish may experience pain and stress and there is now a growing recognition that, to deliver appropriate welfare, on-farm practices and procedures will have to change. It is also the case that the welfare requirements of the different fish species that we farm vary, with some species coping better in captive rearing environments than others. The topic of fish welfare is relatively new and more research on stress responses, allostasis, pain thresholds and analgesics is required to help promote good fish welfare.","PeriodicalId":520770,"journal":{"name":"Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics)","volume":" ","pages":"245-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2014-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32484737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 52

Key features of 'environmental fit' that promote good animal welfare in different husbandry systems. 在不同的畜牧业系统中促进良好动物福利的“环境适应性”的主要特征。

IF 0.6

Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics) Pub Date : 2014-04-01 DOI: 10.20506/rst.33.1.2276

D M Ferguson

引用次数: 5