Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics)最新文献_第3页

Defining, assessing and promoting the welfare of farmed fish. 界定、评估和促进养殖鱼类的福利。

IF 0.6

Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics) Pub Date : 2014-04-01 DOI: 10.20506/rst.33.1.2286

F A Huntingford, S Kadri

{"title":"Defining, assessing and promoting the welfare of farmed fish.","authors":"F A Huntingford, S Kadri","doi":"10.20506/rst.33.1.2286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20506/rst.33.1.2286","url":null,"abstract":"As currently practised, the culture of fish for food potentially raises concerns about the welfare of farmed fish, and this is a topic that has received considerable attention. As vertebrates, fish share a number of features with the birds and mammals that are more commonly farmed, so many welfare principles derived from consideration of these groups may also be applied to fish. However, fish have a long, separate evolutionary history and are also adapted to a very different, aquatic environment. For these reasons, they have a number of special features that are relevant to how welfare is defined, assessed and promoted and these are discussed. The various methods that are available to researchers for identifying and assessing good and bad welfare in fish are considered, including assessment of physical health and physiological, behavioural and genomic status. The subset of practical welfare indicators that can be used on working farms is also reviewed. Various aspects of intensive aquaculture that can potentially compromise fish welfare are outlined, as are some strategies available for mitigating such adverse effects. Finally, the paper ends by looking briefly to the future, identifying likely changes in aquaculture practices and how these might affect the welfare of farmed fish.","PeriodicalId":520770,"journal":{"name":"Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics)","volume":" ","pages":"233-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2014-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32486907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 64

Preface. Animal welfare: focusing on the future. 前言。动物福利:着眼未来。

IF 0.6

Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics) Pub Date : 2014-04-01 DOI: 10.20506/rst.33.1.2269

Bernard Vallat

引用次数: 0

The globalisation of farm animal welfare. 农场动物福利的全球化。

IF 0.6

Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics) Pub Date : 2014-04-01 DOI: 10.20506/rst.33.1.2267

D Fraser

{"title":"The globalisation of farm animal welfare.","authors":"D Fraser","doi":"10.20506/rst.33.1.2267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20506/rst.33.1.2267","url":null,"abstract":"Animal welfare has achieved significant global prominence for perhaps three reasons. First, several centuries of scientific research, especially in anatomy, evolutionary biology and animal behaviour, have led to a gradual narrowing of the gap that people perceive between humans and other species; this altered perception has prompted grass-roots attention to animals and their welfare, initially in Western countries but now more globally asthe influence of science has expanded. Second, scientific research on animal welfare has provided insights and methods for improving the handling, housing and management of animals; this 'animal welfare science' is increasingly seen as relevant to improving animal husbandry worldwide. Third, the development and use of explicit animal welfare standards has helped to integrate animal welfare as a component of national and international public policy, commerce and trade. To date, social debate about animal welfare has been dominated bythe industrialised nations. However, as the issue becomes increasingly global, it will be important for the non-industrialised countries to develop locally appropriate approaches to improving animal welfare, for example, by facilitating the provision of shelter, food, water and health care, and by improving basic handling, transportation and slaughter.","PeriodicalId":520770,"journal":{"name":"Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics)","volume":" ","pages":"33-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2014-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32487002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 21

Drivers of animal welfare policy in the Americas. 美洲动物福利政策的驱动因素。

IF 0.6

Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics) Pub Date : 2014-04-01

S M Huertas, C Gallo, F Galindo

{"title":"Drivers of animal welfare policy in the Americas.","authors":"S M Huertas, C Gallo, F Galindo","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Owing to its large size and ethnic, social, cultural and economic diversity, the Americas' production volume is set to make the region one of the world's leading providers of animal foodstuffs. Animal husbandry, transport and slaughter conditions vary from country to country in response to their differing climatic and geographic characteristics. This article examines the main drivers of animal welfare in the Americas, including the standards of the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), legislation, codes of practice and advances in education, training, research and development. It recognises the important roles played by all the various stakeholders in changing perceptions of animal welfare by raising public awareness and promoting communication and cooperation as drivers of overall change in the Americas. Regional and international organisations, public and private-sector bodies, academia and non-governmental organisations have launched a number of initiatives with encouraging results. In 2009, the OIE established the Chile-Uruguay Collaborating Centre for Animal Welfare Research, which is now the OIE Collaborating Centre for Animal Welfare and Livestock Production Systems and has recently incorporated Mexico. The Collaborating Centre works closely with official OIE Delegates and the Focal Points for Animal Welfare of national Veterinary Services. The OIE Regional Animal Welfare Strategy for the Americas was adopted in 2012, under the coordination of the OIE Regional Representation for the Americas, as a guide for developing future policies based on a regional approach. The way to achieve cultural change for improving animal welfare, operator safety and the sector's profitability is through training and knowledge transfer. The results demonstrate that the joint efforts of all institutions and the active role of the Collaborating Centre have been most effective, as have the continuing education programmes implemented by universities.","PeriodicalId":520770,"journal":{"name":"Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics)","volume":" ","pages":"67-76, 55-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2014-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32487005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Humane harvesting and slaughter of farmed fish. 人道地收获和屠宰养殖鱼类。

IF 0.6

Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics) Pub Date : 2014-04-01 DOI: 10.20506/rst.33.1.2284

J A Lines, J Spence

引用次数: 44

Training to improve stockperson beliefs and behaviour towards livestock enhances welfare and productivity. 通过培训改善畜牧人员对牲畜的信念和行为，可以提高福利和生产力。

IF 0.6

Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics) Pub Date : 2014-04-01 DOI: 10.20506/rst.33.1.2257

G J Coleman, P H Hemsworth

{"title":"Training to improve stockperson beliefs and behaviour towards livestock enhances welfare and productivity.","authors":"G J Coleman, P H Hemsworth","doi":"10.20506/rst.33.1.2257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20506/rst.33.1.2257","url":null,"abstract":"The principle that supervising and managing animals affects farm animal welfare is widely recognised within the livestock industries. However,the manner in which the stockperson affects animal welfare, both directly and indirectly, is probably not fully appreciated. Together with the opportunity to perform their tasks well, stockpeople require a range of well-developed husbandry skills and knowledge to effectively care for and manage farm animals. There are three main factors that can be considered to contribute to a stockperson's work performance: capacity, willingness and opportunity. Capacity includes variables such as skills, health, ability and knowledge, while willingness includes motivation, job satisfaction, attitude to the animals and work attitude, and opportunity includes working conditions, actions of co-workers and organisational policies and rules. This paper briefly reviews the influence of the stockperson on livestock welfare and productivity and the opportunities to improve the stockperson's performance through training. It is clear that there is a continuing need for livestock industries to train their personnel to effectively care for and handle their stock. Underestimating the role and impact of the stockperson will seriously risk the welfare and productivity of livestock. Indeed, the stockperson may be the most influential factor affecting animal handling, welfare and productivity. Furthermore, it is likely that, in the near future, both the livestock industries and the general community will place an increasing emphasis on ensuring the competency of stockpeople to manage the welfare of livestock.","PeriodicalId":520770,"journal":{"name":"Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics)","volume":" ","pages":"131-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2014-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32484859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 79

Animal health and welfare: equivalent or complementary? 动物健康与福利:等同还是互补?

IF 0.6

Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics) Pub Date : 2014-04-01

B Nicks, M Vandenheede

引用次数: 0

Smart technologies for detecting animal welfare status and delivering health remedies for rangeland systems. 用于检测动物福利状况和为牧场系统提供卫生补救措施的智能技术。

IF 0.6

Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics) Pub Date : 2014-04-01 DOI: 10.20506/rst.33.1.2274

S M Rutter

{"title":"Smart technologies for detecting animal welfare status and delivering health remedies for rangeland systems.","authors":"S M Rutter","doi":"10.20506/rst.33.1.2274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20506/rst.33.1.2274","url":null,"abstract":"Although the emerging field of precision livestock farming (PLF) is predominantly associated with intensive animal production, there is increasing interest in applying smart technologies in extensive rangeland systems. Precision livestock farming technologies bring the possibility of closely monitoring the behaviour, liveweight and other parameters of individual animals in free-ranging systems. 'Virtual fencing', ideally based on positive reinforcement, i.e. rewarding animals for moving in a specified direction, has the potential to gently guide foraging livestock towards areas of vegetation identified by remote sensing. As well as reducing hunger, this could be integrated with weather forecasting to help ensure that animals are automatically directed to areas with appropriate shelter when adverse weather is forecast. The system could also direct animals towards handling facilities when required, reducing the fear and distress associated with being mustered. The integration of the various data collected by such a 'virtual shepherd' system should be able to rapidly detect disease and injury, and sick animals could then be automatically shepherded to an enclosure for treatment. In general, rangeland livestock already have the freedom to express normal behaviour, but PLF technologies could facilitate this. By bringing levels of monitoring and control normally associated with intensive production to rangeland systems, PLF has the potential, with appropriate adoption, to enhance the capacity of rangeland livestock production systems to meet key areas of welfare concern highlighted by the Five Freedoms.","PeriodicalId":520770,"journal":{"name":"Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics)","volume":" ","pages":"181-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2014-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32486901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 24

Applying ethological and health indicators to practical animal welfare assessment. 将行为学和健康指标应用于实际动物福利评估。

IF 0.6

Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics) Pub Date : 2014-04-01 DOI: 10.20506/rst.33.1.2259

F Wemelsfelder, S Mullan

{"title":"Applying ethological and health indicators to practical animal welfare assessment.","authors":"F Wemelsfelder, S Mullan","doi":"10.20506/rst.33.1.2259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20506/rst.33.1.2259","url":null,"abstract":"There is a growing effort worldwide to develop objective indicators for animal welfare assessment, which provide information on an animal's quality of life, are scientifically trustworthy, and can readily be used in practice by professionals. Animals are sentient beings capable of positive and negative emotion, and so these indicators should be sensitive not only to their physical health, but also to their experience of the conditions in which they live. This paper provides an outline of ethological research aimed at developing practical welfare assessment protocols. The first section focuses on the development and validation of welfare indicators generally, in terms of their relevance to animal well-being, their interobserver reliability, and the confidence with which the prevalence of described features can be estimated. Challenges in this work include accounting for the ways in which welfare measures may fluctuate over time, and identifying measures suited to monitoring positive welfare states. The second section focuses more specifically on qualitative welfare indicators, which assess the 'whole animal' and describe the expressive qualities of its demeanour (e.g. anxious, content). Such indicators must be validated in the same way as other health and behaviour indicators, with the added challenge of finding appropriate methods of measurement. The potential contribution of qualitative indicators, however, is to disclose an emotional richness in animals that helps to interpret information provided by other indicators, thus enhancing the validity of welfare assessment protocols. In conclusion, the paper emphasises the importance of integrating such different perspectives, showing that new knowledge of animals and new ways of relating to animals are both needed for the successful development of practical welfare assessment tools.","PeriodicalId":520770,"journal":{"name":"Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics)","volume":" ","pages":"111-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2014-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32484856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 64

Strategies for improving the welfare of working equids in the Americas: a Chilean example. 改善美洲工作马福利的策略:以智利为例。

IF 0.6

Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics) Pub Date : 2014-04-01 DOI: 10.20506/rst.33.1.2271

T A Tadich, L H Stuardo Escobar

引用次数: 19