Proceedings. Biological sciences最新文献

{"title":"The effects of sleep disturbance on a songbird's vocal performance.","authors":"Juliane Gaviraghi Mussoi, Rebecca A MacQueen, Margaret C Stanley, Simeng Li, Cleo T Quann, Kristal E Cain","doi":"10.1098/rspb.2025.1409","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rspb.2025.1409","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vocal communication serves several critical functions, such as species recognition, mate attraction and resource defence. However, environmental and physiological factors like urbanization, noise pollution and stress can negatively affect vocal performance, especially in birds. While several studies have demonstrated the effects of various disturbances on bird vocalizations, very few have tested how lack of sleep affects birdsong. To investigate the importance of sleep for adult birds' vocalizations, we analysed the vocal performance of captive common mynahs (<i>Acridotheres tristis</i>) after three sleep disturbance experiments: the entire night, first 6 h of the night or last 6 h of the night of sleep disturbance. Sleep disturbances altered song performance, specifically by reducing song output and complexity, but did not affect call output. Sleep disturbances also affected call spectral parameters. These effects varied according to the degree of disturbance, strongest in a full night of sleep disturbance, followed by the first 6 h of the night and last 6 h of the night, respectively. These results indicate that even short-term sleep disturbance can affect adult birds' vocalizations' frequency and structure. These changes could alter birds' communication, negatively impacting social interactions and the acquisition of resources and mates, potentially affecting fitness.</p>","PeriodicalId":520757,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. Biological sciences","volume":"292 2052","pages":"20251409"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12324880/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144791748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal shifts in thermoregulatory behaviour of bumble bee queens.","authors":"Ellen C Keaveny, Travis W Rusch, Michael E Dillon","doi":"10.1098/rspb.2025.0292","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rspb.2025.0292","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many organisms cope with highly variable environmental temperatures by differentiating body temperature from that of the environment through thermoregulation. Heterotherms can both endogenously maintain body temperature with metabolic heat and behaviourally thermoregulate by selecting suitable microclimates. Expending excess energy to maintain stable high body temperatures may be prioritized during certain times of the year, or for certain activities (e.g. reproduction, escape from predation). Alternatively, behavioural thermoregulation may take precedence when energy savings are critical. The degree to which heterotherms rely on these different strategies has rarely been studied. To address this gap, we measured body temperature and selected temperatures on a thermal gradient for heterothermic bumble bee queens (<i>Bombus huntii</i>) at two life stages: during spring, when ovary development prior to colony establishment is critical, and in autumn, when they build energy stores for overwintering. Not only did spring queens have a narrower range of body temperatures than autumn queens, but they maintained higher body temperatures at cooler gradient temperatures. These results suggest that thermoregulatory strategy varies seasonally to sustain key activities but is context dependent: when ambient temperatures are cool, metabolic heat production is relied upon if reproductive pressure is high and reduced if accumulating energy reserves is critical.</p>","PeriodicalId":520757,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. Biological sciences","volume":"292 2053","pages":"20250292"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12364585/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144885031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decision-making preferences for intuition, deliberation, friends or crowds in independent and interdependent societies.","authors":"Igor Grossmann, Maksim Rudnev, Anna Dorfman, Mohammad Atari, Kelli Barr, Abdellatif Bencherifa, Wesley Buckwalter, Rockwell F Clancy, German Cuji Dahua, Norberto Cuji Dahua, Yasuo Deguchi, Ancon Lopez Wilmer, Emanuele Fabiano, Badr Guennoun, Julia Halamová, Takaaki Hashimoto, Joshua Homan, Martin Kanovský, Kaori Karasawa, Hackjin Kim, Jordan Kiper, Minha Lee, Xiaofei Liu, Veli Mitova, Rukmini Nair, Ljiljana Pantovic, Brian Porter, Pablo Quintanilla, Josien Reijer, Pedro P Romero, Yuri Sato, Purnima Singh, Salma Tber, Daniel Wilkenfeld, Lixia Yi, Stephen Stich, H Clark Barrett, Edouard Machery","doi":"10.1098/rspb.2025.1355","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rspb.2025.1355","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>When multiple ways of deciding are laid out side-by-side, which does one favour? We conducted experiments in 12 countries (<i>n</i> = 3517 individuals; 13 languages; two Indigenous communities), with adults choosing among four decision strategies-personal intuition, private deliberation, friends' advice or crowd wisdom-when working through six everyday dilemmas. In every society, self-reliant decisions (intuition or deliberation) were most commonly preferred and considered the wisest. Expectations for fellow citizens, however, were mixed: advice from friends was expected about as often as self-reliant routes. The self-reliance tilt was strongest in cultures and individuals high in independent self-construal and need for cognition, and weakest where interdependence and self-transcendent reflection were salient. The same patterns emerged when examining ratings of each strategy's utility and oral protocols with Indigenous groups. Self-reliance appears the modal preference across cultures, but its strength is predictably tempered when cultures, and individuals within them, construe the self in relational rather than autonomous terms.</p>","PeriodicalId":520757,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. Biological sciences","volume":"292 2052","pages":"20251355"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12343130/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144839874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the correlated evolution of ecological lifestyle and thermal tolerance.","authors":"Haley L Morris, Njal Rollinson","doi":"10.1098/rspb.2025.1290","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rspb.2025.1290","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The breadth of thermal tolerance delineates the upper (critical thermal maximum/upper critical temperature (CT_max/<i>T</i>_uc)) and lower (critical thermal minimum/lower critical temperature (CT_min/<i>T</i>_lc)) temperatures relevant to survival and/or persistence of organisms, and it is a correlate of extinction risk under climate change. Theory suggests that tolerance breadth evolves with the range of environmental temperatures. For instance, a narrow tolerance breadth is classically observed in tropical versus temperate species, and tropical ectotherms may feature increased extinction risk under climate change owing to the proximity of CT_max and mean environmental temperatures. Here, we underscore that an organism's lifestyle influences the extent of thermal fluctuation in its environment. We predict that subterranean species feature a narrower thermal tolerance breadth than surface-dwelling species, as the former evolve under dampened thermal variance. Using thermal limits data, we test this hypothesis in reptiles, mammals and arthropods. Subterranean species (<i>n</i> = 5-37 per taxon) featured reduced tolerance breadths compared with surface-dwelling species, and the difference was significant in reptiles and mammals; additionally, subterranean arthropods featured a significantly lower CT_max and higher CT_min than surface species. Thus, classical theory on thermal tolerance extends beyond patterns of geolocation to species lifestyle, where evolution under dampened thermal variance can reduce thermal tolerance breadth and influence other thermal traits.</p>","PeriodicalId":520757,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. Biological sciences","volume":"292 2052","pages":"20251290"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12343134/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144839878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The hedonic impact of cleaner-client fish interactions is mediated by the opioid system.","authors":"Caio Maximino, Heloysa Araujo-Silva, Inês Cacela-Rodrigues, Ana C Luchiari, João L Saraiva, Marta C Soares","doi":"10.1098/rspb.2025.1532","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rspb.2025.1532","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>According to the 'incentive salience hypothesis' reward processing involves two main components, including the motivation to obtain a reward (i.e. incentive salience or 'wanting') and the hedonic pleasure felt during its consumption (i.e. hedonic impact or 'liking'), which are dissociable. The processing of these hedonic mechanisms is suggested to be mediated by opioid neurotransmission; however, most evidence comes from humans and other mammals. Here we argue that, in mutualistic associations, client fish seek to interact with cleaner fish not only due to the immediate benefits of being cleaned but also because of the hedonic impact of tactile stimulation, modulated by the opioid system. We used a conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm to test the hedonic dimension of motivation to be cleaned and found that de-parasitized client fish (the butterflyfish <i>Chaetodon auriga</i>) preferred the compartment paired with cleaner fish (<i>Labroides dimidiatus</i>). Treatment with the μ-opioid receptor agonist The µ-opioid receptor agonist 2-Ala-4-mephe-5-gly-enkephalin (DAMGO) dose-dependently increased preference, while treatment with the antagonist naloxone decreased it. To test for fish incentive salience, we used a detour task, with barriers being added after each trial to demand higher response strength to reach the target and found that client fish can circumvent barriers to reach a cleaner-adjacent compartment. Response strength (number of barriers added before 'giving up') was not affected by treatment with either naloxone or DAMGO. Our results show that cleaner-client interactions are hedonically positive for clients, an effect that is mediated by the opiodergic system. Visual contact with cleaners is sufficient to activate incentive salience programmes, but no evidence of participation of the opioidergic system in these programmes was found. Overall, we provide the first evidence confirming the participation of the opioidergic system in motivation to be cleaned in mutualistic associations.</p>","PeriodicalId":520757,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. Biological sciences","volume":"292 2052","pages":"20251532"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12343142/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144839880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inflammaging is minimal among forager-horticulturalists in the Bolivian Amazon.","authors":"Jacob E Aronoff, Carrie L Jenkins, Angela R Garcia, Stephanie V Koebele, Suhail Ghafoor, Kate L Woolard, Mia Charifson, Ivan M Suarez, Daniel Eid Rodriguez, Bret Beheim, Daniel K Cummings, Paul L Hooper, Thomas K Kraft, Kenneth Buetow, Caleb E Finch, Maximilien Franck, Alan A Cohen, Jonathan Stieglitz, Michael Gurven, Hillard Kaplan, Benjamin C Trumble","doi":"10.1098/rspb.2025.1111","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rspb.2025.1111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An increase in chronic systemic inflammation in later life, termed inflammaging, is implicated in health risk. However, it is unclear whether inflammaging develops in all human populations, or if it is the product of environmental mismatch. We assessed inflammaging in Tsimane forager-horticulturalists of the Bolivian Amazon, using serum cytokines in a primarily cross-sectional sample (1134 samples from <i>n</i> = 714 individuals, age 39-94, 51.3% female). IL-6 was positively associated with age (<i>β</i> = 0.013, <i>p</i> < 0.01). However, other pro-inflammatory markers, including IL-1β and TNF-α, did not increase with age (<i>β</i> = -0.005 and <i>β</i> = -0.001, respectively). We then compared the Moseten, a neighbouring population that has experienced greater market integration (423 samples from <i>n</i> = 380 individuals, age 39-85, 48.2% female). The Moseten also showed a positive age association for IL-6 that attenuated at later ages (age <i>β</i> = 0.025, <i>p</i> < 0.01; age² <i>β</i> = -0.001, <i>p</i> < 0.05). Further, IL-1β and TNF-α were both positively associated with age (<i>β</i> = 0.021, <i>p</i> < 0.05 and <i>β</i> = 0.011, <i>p</i> < 0.01, respectively). Our results demonstrate minimal inflammaging in the Tsimane, highlighting variation across populations in this age-related process. They also suggest that inflammaging is exacerbated by lifestyle shifts.</p>","PeriodicalId":520757,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. Biological sciences","volume":"292 2053","pages":"20251111"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12364562/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144885027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knocking out genes to reveal drivers of natural selection on phenotypic traits: a study of the fitness consequences of albinism.","authors":"Alexander T Funk, Jan Martin, Michael Clark, Antoine Païta, Chris J Jolly, Richard Shine","doi":"10.1098/rspb.2025.1458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2025.1458","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Conclusions about the adaptive significance of phenotypic traits typically rely on correlations between the trait and fitness, but pleiotropic effects of a single trait on fitness and covariation among traits can confound such comparisons. For example, a trait may have several benefits or costs which may be affected by its correlation to some other trait. We overcame this barrier by using CRISPR-Cas9 in captive cane toads (<i>Rhinella marina</i>) to create gene-knockout albinos. Using this approach, we could evaluate direct effects of a single allele on fitness by comparing rates of survival, growth and development of albino versus pigmented siblings. Contrary to the prevailing view that albinism is rare solely due to reduced crypsis (increased vulnerability to predation), we found that albino tadpoles and terrestrial-phase toads were competitively inferior to their pigmented siblings even in the absence of predation. Visual impairment appears to explain this cost in the terrestrial life-stage, as albino toads had lower foraging success, were less accurate when striking at prey, and needed higher light levels to forage successfully. Our findings suggest that competitive inferiority may contribute to selection against albinism in the wild and demonstrate the utility of gene knockouts for experimental evolutionary biology.</p>","PeriodicalId":520757,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. Biological sciences","volume":"292 2053","pages":"20251458"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12380488/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144986948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A subantarctic reigitheriid and the evolution of crushing teeth in these enigmatic Mesozoic mammals.","authors":"Hans P Püschel, Agustin G Martinelli, Sergio Soto-Acuña, Héctor Ortiz, Marcelo Leppe, Alexander O Vargas","doi":"10.1098/rspb.2025.1056","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rspb.2025.1056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mesozoic mammals from Gondwana remain poorly understood, with most species known only from isolated teeth. Nevertheless, these tantalizing fossils point to a diversity of families that were distinct from Laurasian forms. Among these, the enigmatic South American family Reigitheriidae was proposed based on the unique crushing teeth of its sole representative, <i>Reigitherium</i>, from Northern Patagonia. Here, we report a new mammal, <i>Yeutherium pressor</i> gen. et sp. nov., which is only the second known taxon of Reigitheriidae. This is based on a partial maxilla bearing an upper molar from the Late Cretaceous Dorotea Formation in the Río de Las Chinas valley, Sub-Antarctic Chile. Parsimony and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses indicate a close relationship between <i>Reigitherium</i> and <i>Yeutherium</i>. Shared features between both taxa-such as expanded preparacristae and postparacristae, a lingual cingulum at the paracone base, interradicular crests and enamel crenulations-help define Reigitheriidae. Cingula development and molar morphology of <i>Yeutherium</i> differ from that of the related Mesungulatidae, suggesting independent evolution of the crushing adaptations in Reigitheriidae. Additionally, we suggest a reinterpretation of the dental formula of Reigitheriidae. The discovery of <i>Yeutherium</i> highlights the specialized dentition of Reigitheriidae as a significant functional innovation in a radiation of Gondwanan mammals that is starting to be understood.</p>","PeriodicalId":520757,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. Biological sciences","volume":"292 2052","pages":"20251056"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12324878/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144791741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can we tell where our bodies end and the external world begins? Evidence for precise three-dimensional internal body models.","authors":"Celia R Blaise, Holly C Clark, Hannes P Saal","doi":"10.1098/rspb.2025.1255","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rspb.2025.1255","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Distinguishing our body from the external world is crucial for self-perception and environmental interaction. Yet, the accuracy with which we perceive this boundary remains underexplored. Here, we developed a psychophysical protocol to assess how accurately individuals perceive their body boundaries. Participants were asked whether the midpoint between two tactile stimuli was inside or outside their perceived body boundary. Three-dimensional scans provided objective anatomical boundaries, allowing psychometric functions to be fitted. Results revealed remarkable overall precision, often within millimetres, in localizing body boundaries across multiple body regions. However, accuracy varied: while palm boundaries were localized nearly perfectly, stimuli along the wrist boundaries were frequently misjudged as extending beyond their true anatomical limit, revealing a systematic perceptual bias. Perceptual judgements adapted to changes in posture, but accuracy declined when the detailed local three-dimensional structure was omitted, indicating that proprioceptive cues are combined with detailed local body models. Finally, participants whose anatomy deviated from the average tended to align their responses with a typical body model rather than their unique physiology, suggesting that top-down processes influence boundary judgements. Our findings suggest that body boundary representation combines detailed three-dimensional body models with proprioceptive feedback into an integrated perceptual model of the anatomical body.</p>","PeriodicalId":520757,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. Biological sciences","volume":"292 2052","pages":"20251255"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12343127/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144839855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenotypic selection gradients in a tripartite plant interaction in southern South America.","authors":"Florencia Soteras, Silvana Longo, Noelia Cofré, M Laura Bernaschini, Nicolás Marro, Julia Rodríguez, Margarita B Curá, Ricardo S Peralta Alderete, Santiago M Costas, Adrián Giaquinta, Andrea A Cocucci, Corina Vissio, Gabriel Grilli","doi":"10.1098/rspb.2025.1182","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rspb.2025.1182","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study of how phenotypic selection by plant mutualists and antagonists varies within ecosystems is crucial for evaluating potential plant adaptations to changing environments, such as urban areas. Here, we describe the interaction intensity of plants with their mutualistic and antagonistic partners, as well as the selective landscapes in one natural and one urban site. We measured direct phenotypic selection on plant traits relevant to three interaction partners: floral tube length, resistance to herbivores and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) colonization. Significant direct phenotypic selection on the three interaction traits was detected in the natural site. We observed disruptive selection on floral tube length, with the two fitness optima closely matching the proboscis peak lengths of the main pollinator species. In addition, we observed stabilizing selection by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, favouring plants with around 11% of arbuscular colonization. This result supports the idea that plants may autoregulate mean intraradical arbuscular colonization to maximize fitness relative to carbon allocation to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Finally, we detected directional selection benefiting plants with high resistance to herbivores. Our results highlight the importance of adopting a multispecies, context-dependent approach to better understand the complex ecological interactions that drive plant evolution.</p>","PeriodicalId":520757,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. Biological sciences","volume":"292 2053","pages":"20251182"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12364580/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144885030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}