Neurosciences (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia)最新文献

{"title":"Salmonella brain abscess in an infant.","authors":"Mubarak Al-Yaqoobi,&nbsp;Sulien Al-Khalili,&nbsp;Ganpati P Mishra","doi":"10.17712/nsj.2018.3.20170200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17712/nsj.2018.3.20170200","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Brain abscess is a potentially life-threatening condition requiring rapid diagnosis and prompt medical and surgical intervention. Various etiological agents associated with different epidemiological backgrounds are implicated, including Gram-positive and Gram- negative bacterial agents as well as anaerobes. Salmonella is rarely reported to be the cause of this medical condition despite being known to cause invasive infections at extremes of age and the fact that this organism is a common cause of other clinical infectious diseases encountered in immunocompromised and immunocompetent individuals. A case of Salmonella brain abscess involving the right posterior parietal region of the brain is described in a 6-month-old infant. The clinical, microbiological, and radiological features, as well as the clinical management and outcome, are presented. This case highlights the slow-progression nature of brain abscess caused by Salmonella species and the challenge in achieving optimal resolution despite initial surgical intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":520723,"journal":{"name":"Neurosciences (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia)","volume":" ","pages":"250-253"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/6d/23/Neurosciences-23-250.PMC8015581.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36312860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An unusual presentation of Dyke-Davidoff Masson syndrome.","authors":"Rizwana Shahid","doi":"10.17712/nsj.2018.3.20170232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17712/nsj.2018.3.20170232","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dyke Davidoff- Masson syndrome is a rare disorder of hemiatrophy of the cerebral hemisphere and clinically manifests as hemiparesis, seizures disorder, mental retardation and facial asymmetry and has various perinatal or post natal etiologies and has characteristic radiological appearance on brain imaging. It is important to recognize the clinical and radiological features of this condition for the neurologists as well as the radiologists. We are discussing our case as this patient presented very late although his symptoms seem to present since his birth which is very unusual with this disorder.</p>","PeriodicalId":520723,"journal":{"name":"Neurosciences (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia)","volume":" ","pages":"254-257"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/fe/0f/Neurosciences-23-254.PMC8015585.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36312861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decrement of mirror movements by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in a patient with porencephaly.","authors":"Sung H Jang,&nbsp;Hyeok G Kwon","doi":"10.17712/nsj.2016.2.20150674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17712/nsj.2016.2.20150674","url":null,"abstract":"M movements (MM) are involuntary movements which occur on one side of the body as a mirror reversal of the intentional movement on the other side of the body. Mirror movements, which are normally observed during early childhood, decrease with development of the brain, and then usually disappear around the end of the first decade of life. Persistence of MM in adulthood is considered pathological and can be seen in various congenital brain disorders. Severe MM of the hands can hinder the activities of daily living which require bilateral hand coordination. However, little is known on the management modality of MM.1,2 The pathogenetic mechanism of MM has not been clearly elucidated; however, the most plausible mechanism is the ipsilateral motor pathway, which involves from the unaffected motor cortex to the affected limb based on the inhibition hypothesis.3 Many studies have demonstrated the safety and effectiveness of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for suppressing the unaffected motor cortex in stroke patients. In addition, a recent study demonstrated the cessation of MM and deactivation of the unaffected motor cortex by rTMS for 2 weeks in a patient with a cerebral infarct.2 Regarding MM in patients with a congenital brain lesion, one study reported that rTMS for 2 weeks resulted in relief of MM in a patient with congenital MM.1 However, no functional neuroimaging study on the effect of rTMS on the unaffected motor cortex in a patient with a congenital brain lesion has been reported. In this study, we report on a patient with porencephaly in whom the intensity of MM and activation of the unaffected motor cortex were decreased after application of rTMS, as evaluated by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). A 21-year-old male patient had exhibited left hemiparesis since birth. He was delivered at full-term without complications. He was diagnosed as a congenital porencephalic cyst in the right frontal area and underwent shunt operation at 6 months after birth. He complained of severe MM, and as a result, performing bimanual activities such as typing is difficult. He signed an informed consent statement, and the study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of a university hospital. Frameless stereotaxic neuronavigation (TMSNavigator, Localite, Sankt Augustin, Germany) based on the coregistered patient’s T1-weighted image was used for navigation of the TMS coil and to maintain its precise location and orientation throughout TMS sessions. The patient underwent 10 sessions of rTMS performed to the activation area of the primary sensorimotor cortex (SM1) in the left hemisphere on fMRI, according to the following protocol: frequency 1 Hz, intensity of motor threshold 100%, 1200 stimuli as a single, continuous train lasting 5 minutes, for 5 sessions per week for a period of 2 weeks. Mirror movements were evaluated according to the degree of involuntary movement of the unaffected hand during performance of a func","PeriodicalId":520723,"journal":{"name":"Neurosciences (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia)","volume":" ","pages":"170-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2016-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/9e/ba/Neurosciences-21-170.PMC5107275.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34317659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ependymoma in supratentorial extra-axial location.","authors":"Abdulrahman Y Alturki,&nbsp;Nasir R Awan,&nbsp;Khaled N Almusrea","doi":"10.17712/nsj.2016.2.20150503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17712/nsj.2016.2.20150503","url":null,"abstract":"E is a common type of pediatric brain tumors (≈10% of all central nervous system tumors in the pediatric age group), it is usually located in the infratentorial compartment and a third of the ependymomas are supratentorial. Of the supratentorial ependymomas, extraventricular ones are rare and usually located in close proximity to the ventricles (some still have connection to ventricle margin). Extraventricular ependymomas with no relation to the ventricular ependyma are exceedingly rare and only few cases were reported in the literature including this case. A 14-year-old boy was referred from a secondary care hospital with 4 years history of progressively worsening generalized tonic clonic seizures. There was headache, vomiting, behavioral disturbance, and deterioration in vision and level of consciousness over one month prior to admission. On examination the patient was drowsy, arousable but did not give relevant response to questions. Glasgow coma score was 12 (normal range=12-15). Pupils were equal and reacting to light and there was bilateral papilledema. There was upper motor neuron type left sided hemiparesis with increased tone and brisk reflexes. The MRI (Figure 1) showed a large mixed density extra-axial lesion in the right temporal region with a frontal cystic component and a significant midline shift. Craniotomy for excision of this highly vascular lesion was carried out, complete resection achieved. Frozen section reported to be “consistent with ependymoma” was not so consistent with our intraoperative findings of the lesion being extra-axial. Final histopathology report (including secondary opinions from other neuropathologists), was pointing towards the diagnosis of ependymoma (world health organization, grade 2), with perivascular pseudorosettes (Figure 2) as well as positive glial fibrillary acidic protein and epithelial membrane antigen staining. Clear extra-axial location of the lesion with part of the blood supply coming from dural vessels and the final histopathology report lead to appraisal of available literature. Finding very few reported cases at such location. Ependymomas are tumors of neuroectodermal origin arising from ependymal cells within the cerebrospinal axis cavities, including the central canal of the spinal cord, the filum terminale and the ventricles.1 Ependymomas can be found in the brain parenchyma, possibly arising from ectopic fetal rests of ependymal cells although it is not clear how ependymal cell rests can get to be anywhere other than the immediate vicinity of the ventricular system.2 Cell migration away from periventricular areas during development","PeriodicalId":520723,"journal":{"name":"Neurosciences (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia)","volume":" ","pages":"173-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2016-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/9a/bb/Neurosciences-21-173.PMC5107276.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34317660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Planimetry investigation of the corpus callosum in temporal lobe epilepsy patients.","authors":"Veli Caglar,&nbsp;Selen I Alp,&nbsp;Berrin T Demir,&nbsp;Umit Sener,&nbsp;Oguz A Ozen,&nbsp;Recep Alp","doi":"10.17712/nsj.2016.2.20150783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17712/nsj.2016.2.20150783","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the effects of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) on corpus callosum (CC) morphometry in patients with TLE.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study was conducted at the Faculty of Medicine, Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, Tekirdag, Turkey between November 2010 and December 2013. The epileptic syndrome diagnosis was based on International League Against Epilepsy criteria, and this study was conducted on the MRIs of 25 epilepsy patients and 25 control subjects. We classified the patients according to their duration of epilepsy: <10 and >/=10 years. The projection area length (PAL) of the CC was also estimated. Total brain volumes (TBV) were measured on CT images.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean values of TBV for patients with TLE and the control group were not statistically different, but the CC PAL values were statistically different. The mean CC PAL values of under and over 25 years of age in patients with TLE were statistically different. The mean values of TBV of under and over 10 years duration of TLE were small statistically, but the CC PAL values were statistically different.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results indicate a clear influence of TLE on the structure of the CC rather than TBV.</p>","PeriodicalId":520723,"journal":{"name":"Neurosciences (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia)","volume":" ","pages":"145-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2016-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/50/f8/Neurosciences-21-145.PMC5107269.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34416268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lymphatic metastasis due to glioblastoma.","authors":"Husam Wassati,&nbsp;Suat W Loo,&nbsp;Hu L Low","doi":"10.17712/nsj.2016.2.20150497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17712/nsj.2016.2.20150497","url":null,"abstract":"G are the most common malignant primary brain tumor. Only 0.2%-0.5% of cases metastasise outside the brain.1,2 We present a rare case of glioblastoma with bilateral cervical lymph node metastases. A 60-year-old man presented with 3-weeks of progressive right arm tingling. He had no medical history of note and the only abnormalities found on examination were decreased light touch and proprioception in his right arm. Brain MRI revealed a lesion in the left superior parietal lobe with surrounding oedema (Figure 1A). The appearances were suggestive of a high-grade glioma. He underwent debulking of the lesion and post-operative MRI scans showed complete removal of enhancing tumor tissue. He recovered very well after surgery with resolution of his symptoms. The tumor was histologically shown to be a glioblastoma (Figure 1B). He received 50 Gy whole brain radiotherapy, but declined concurrent chemotherapy. Approximately 6 months later, he noted painless swellings on either sides of his neck. Investigations showed enlargement of the upper cervical lymph nodes (Figure 1C). He refused a lymph node biopsy. Then 2 months later, he became increasingly confused. Repeat scans showed recurrence of the brain tumor and progressive enlargement of his cervical lymph nodes. He was convinced to undergo a lymph node biopsy. The biopsy specimens were consistent with that of a glioblastoma (Figure 1D). Soon after, he deteriorated rapidly and was too weak to receive chemotherapy. He received palliative care and died 2 months later. Extracranial glioblastoma metastasis are extremely rare, with only 83 reported cases to date.2 The lack of a lymphactic system in the brain, the presence of the blood-brain barrier and dura, the low affinity of glioblastoma cells to arterial blood vessels, the lack of direct connection between the subarachnoid space and blood or lymphatic vessels, or because most patients with glioblastoma die before extracranial involvement becomes apparent may all account for the rarity of glioblastoma metastases.3 The most common sites for extracranial spread are the lungs and pleura followed by the lymph nodes, bones, and viscera1. Glioblastoma metastases to lymph nodes almost always follow surgical procedures, especially craniotomies.2 Surgery may predispose to metastases by allowing tumor cells access to scalp lymphatic and vascular pathways.4 However, there are reports of distant metastasis in the absence of surgery,4 in which case, intrinsic factors of the tumor may play a role. Locoregional nodal involvement almost always occurs ipsilateral to the craniotomy. Our case is unusual as there was bilateral nodal spread. This challenges the traditional belief that lymphatic drainage in the head and neck does not cross the midline. Indeed, lymphocintigraphic studies have shown that contralateral lymphatic drainage occurs is a small number of cases.5 We hypothesised that free tumor cells enter the scalp lymphatic system on the same side as the craniotomy then ","PeriodicalId":520723,"journal":{"name":"Neurosciences (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia)","volume":" ","pages":"168-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2016-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/81/8c/Neurosciences-21-168.PMC5107274.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34317658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meta-analysis of the relationship between amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and susceptibility to serum ferritin level elevation.","authors":"Xiaohui Hu,&nbsp;Yan Yang,&nbsp;Junfeng Su,&nbsp;Changjiang Yao","doi":"10.17712/nsj.2016.2.20150482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17712/nsj.2016.2.20150482","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To study the possible relationship between amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients and their susceptibility to serum ferritin level elevation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched the PubMed, Springer, Medline, and OVID databases for any-language original research articles relating to serum ferritin levels in ALS patients published between June 2005 and June 2015. The search term used with `amyotrophic lateral sclerosis`, `ferritins`, `ferritin`, `iron`, `iron stores, `iron status, `iron intake`, and `iron consumption`. The meta-analysis software RevMan 5.0 was used for the heterogeneity test, and to test for the overall effect.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Six case-control studies met our inclusion criteria including data from a total of 1813 participants. The mean difference of serum ferritin levels comparing ALS to healthy controls was 69.05 (95% confidence interval: 52.56-85.54; p<0.00001); heterogeneity: p=0.03; I2=50%. The findings indicate homology in the sensitivity analysis. Funnel plot assessment indicated publication bias.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results suggest that ALS is positively associated with susceptibility to the elevation of serum ferritin levels; however, further evidence is required to support this.</p>","PeriodicalId":520723,"journal":{"name":"Neurosciences (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia)","volume":" ","pages":"120-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2016-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.17712/nsj.2016.2.20150482","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34416266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of thymoquinone, the major constituent of Nigella sativa seeds, on penicillin-induced epileptiform activity in rats.","authors":"Ersin Beyazcicek,&nbsp;Seyit Ankarali,&nbsp;Ozge Beyazcicek,&nbsp;Handan Ankarali,&nbsp;Serif Demir,&nbsp;Recep Ozmerdivenli","doi":"10.17712/nsj.2016.2.20150781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17712/nsj.2016.2.20150781","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the effects of thymoquinone (TQ) in a penicillin-induced epilepsy model in rats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This experimental study included 56 adult male Wistar rats. Experiments were performed in the Research Laboratory of the Department of Physiology, Medical School, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey, between October 2013 and December 2014. Animals were divided into the following 7 groups: sham, control, only thymoquinone, vehicle (Dimethylsulfoxide), and doses of 10, 50, and 100 mg/kg of TQ. After rats were anesthetized, the left part of the skull was removed. A pair of silver/silver chloride electrodes was placed on the somatomotor area, and electrocorticographic recording was started. After 5 minutes basal activity was recorded, and TQ was applied intraperitoneally. At the thirtieth minute after TQ, epileptiform activity was induced by intracortical penicillin. The first spike latency, spike frequency, and the amplitude of epileptiform activity were analyzed statistically.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The different doses of TQ significantly increased the latency time to onset of first spike wave, and decreased the frequency, and amplitude of epileptiform activity in the first 20 minutes compared with the control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Thymoquinone shows potential as an antiepileptic drug resulting from its effects of prolonged latency time, and reduced spike wave frequency and amplitude of epileptiform activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":520723,"journal":{"name":"Neurosciences (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia)","volume":" ","pages":"131-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2016-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.17712/nsj.2016.2.20150781","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34416267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subdural hematoma caused by rupture of a posterior cerebral artery aneurysm.","authors":"Zhou Feng,&nbsp;Qiang Tan,&nbsp;Lin Li,&nbsp;Zhi Chen","doi":"10.17712/nsj.2016.2.20150332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17712/nsj.2016.2.20150332","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Subdural hematoma (SDH) caused by rupture of a cerebral aneurysm is rare and is usually associated with delayed diagnosis and treatment. We present a patient of a posterior cerebral artery aneurysm presenting as subacute SDH. The incidence, mechanisms and treatment of this condition are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":520723,"journal":{"name":"Neurosciences (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia)","volume":" ","pages":"161-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2016-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/41/4b/Neurosciences-21-161.PMC5107272.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34317657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"INSUFFICIENT EVIDENCE FOR THE USE OF OMEGA 3 SUPPLEMENTS IN TREATING DEPRESSION.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520723,"journal":{"name":"Neurosciences (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia)","volume":" ","pages":"84-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c4/71/Neurosciences-21-84.PMC5224423.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34425677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}