Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)最新文献_第8页

Recognition memory and the hippocampus: A test of the hippocampal contribution to recollection and familiarity. 识别记忆和海马体：海马体对回忆和熟悉的贡献的测试。

Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) Pub Date : 2010-01-04 Print Date: 2010-01-01 DOI: 10.1101/lm.1546110

Annette Jeneson, C Brock Kirwan, Ramona O Hopkins, John T Wixted, Larry R Squire

{"title":"Recognition memory and the hippocampus: A test of the hippocampal contribution to recollection and familiarity.","authors":"Annette Jeneson, C Brock Kirwan, Ramona O Hopkins, John T Wixted, Larry R Squire","doi":"10.1101/lm.1546110","DOIUrl":"10.1101/lm.1546110","url":null,"abstract":"It has been suggested that the hippocampus selectively supports recollection and that adjacent cortex in the medial temporal lobe can support familiarity. Alternatively, it has been suggested that the hippocampus supports both recollection and familiarity. We tested these suggestions by assessing the performance of patients with hippocampal lesions on recognition memory tests that differ in the extent to which recollection and familiarity contribute to the recognition decision. When targets and foils are highly similar, prior evidence suggests that, on a forced-choice test in which targets are presented together with highly similar, corresponding foils (the FC-C format), performance is supported primarily by familiarity. By contrast, when targets are presented together with foils that are similar to other targets (the FC-NC format) or when memory is tested in a yes/no (Y/N) format, performance is based much more strongly on recollection. Accordingly, a finding that hippocampal damage impaired both Y/N recognition and FC-NC recognition but spared FC-C recognition would suggest that the hippocampus selectively supports recollection. We administered Y/N, FC-C, and FC-NC tests to five memory-impaired patients with circumscribed hippocampal lesions and 14 controls. The patients were impaired on all three types of recognition test, and there was no indication that the patients were disproportionately benefited or disproportionately impaired on any test. This pattern of performance suggests that the hippocampus supports both recollection and familiarity.","PeriodicalId":520703,"journal":{"name":"Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)","volume":" ","pages":"63-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2807179/pdf/852.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39969336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Infusion of the NMDA receptor antagonist, DL-APV, into the basolateral amygdala disrupts learning to fear a novel and a familiar context as well as relearning to fear an extinguished context. 将NMDA受体拮抗剂DL-APV注入基底外侧杏仁核，会破坏对新环境和熟悉环境的恐惧学习，以及对已消失环境的恐惧再学习。

IF 2

Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) Pub Date : 2009-01-09 Print Date: 2009-01-01 DOI: 10.1101/lm.1218709

Vincent Laurent, R Frederick Westbrook

{"title":"Infusion of the NMDA receptor antagonist, DL-APV, into the basolateral amygdala disrupts learning to fear a novel and a familiar context as well as relearning to fear an extinguished context.","authors":"Vincent Laurent, R Frederick Westbrook","doi":"10.1101/lm.1218709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/lm.1218709","url":null,"abstract":"Ample evidence suggests that activation of NMDA receptors (NMDAr) in the basolateral complex of the amygdala (BLA) is necessary for context fear conditioning. The present series of experiments examined whether this activation was still required when the to-be-shocked context had a history. We found that BLA infusion of the selective NMDAr antagonist DL-APV impaired the acquisition of fear responses to a novel context, a moderately familiar context, or a highly familiar context. The same treatment also impaired the reacquisition of fear responses to a dangerous context, a context extinguished to criterion, or a context massively extinguished. Importantly, DL-APV persistently suppressed fear responses, suggesting that the NMDAr antagonist disrupted basal synaptic transmission in the BLA. Therefore, we conclude that neuronal activity in the BLA is critical for learning and relearning context-conditioned fear. This finding is consistent with current neural models that attribute context fear conditioning to interactions among several brain regions, most notably the hippocampus and the BLA.","PeriodicalId":520703,"journal":{"name":"Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)","volume":" ","pages":"96-105"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1101/lm.1218709","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39989790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 28

LTP in hippocampal area CA1 is induced by burst stimulation over a broad frequency range centered around delta. 海马CA1区的LTP是由以δ为中心的宽频率范围内的突发刺激引起的。

Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) Pub Date : 2009-01-07 Print Date: 2009-01-01 DOI: 10.1101/lm.1179109

Lawrence M Grover, Eunyoung Kim, Jennifer D Cooke, William R Holmes

{"title":"LTP in hippocampal area CA1 is induced by burst stimulation over a broad frequency range centered around delta.","authors":"Lawrence M Grover, Eunyoung Kim, Jennifer D Cooke, William R Holmes","doi":"10.1101/lm.1179109","DOIUrl":"10.1101/lm.1179109","url":null,"abstract":"Long-term potentiation (LTP) is typically studied using either continuous high-frequency stimulation or theta burst stimulation. Previous studies emphasized the physiological relevance of theta frequency; however, synchronized hippocampal activity occurs over a broader frequency range. We therefore tested burst stimulation at intervals from 100 msec to 20 sec (10 Hz to 0.05 Hz). LTP at Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses was obtained at intervals from 100 msec to 5 sec, with maximal LTP at 350-500 msec (2-3 Hz, delta frequency). In addition, a short-duration potentiation was present over the entire range of burst intervals. We found that N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors were more important for LTP induction by burst stimulation, but L-type calcium channels were more important for LTP induction by continuous high-frequency stimulation. NMDA receptors were even more critical for short-duration potentiation than they were for LTP. We also compared repeated burst stimulation with a single primed burst. In contrast to results from repeated burst stimulation, primed burst potentiation was greater when a 200-msec interval (theta frequency) was used, and a 500-msec interval was ineffective. Whole-cell recordings of postsynaptic membrane potential during burst stimulation revealed two factors that may determine the interval dependence of LTP. First, excitatory postsynaptic potentials facilitated across bursts at 500-msec intervals but not 200-msec or 1-sec intervals. Second, synaptic inhibition was suppressed by burst stimulation at intervals between 200 msec and 1 sec. Our data show that CA1 synapses are more broadly tuned for potentiation than previously appreciated.","PeriodicalId":520703,"journal":{"name":"Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)","volume":" ","pages":"69-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2632851/pdf/69.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39992979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Early extinction after fear conditioning yields a context-independent and short-term suppression of conditional freezing in rats. 恐惧条件反射后的早期灭绝在大鼠中产生情境无关的和短期的条件冻结抑制。

IF 2

Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) Pub Date : 2009-01-07 Print Date: 2009-01-01 DOI: 10.1101/lm.1085009

Chun-hui Chang, Stephen Maren

{"title":"Early extinction after fear conditioning yields a context-independent and short-term suppression of conditional freezing in rats.","authors":"Chun-hui Chang, Stephen Maren","doi":"10.1101/lm.1085009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/lm.1085009","url":null,"abstract":"Extinction of Pavlovian fear conditioning in rats is a useful model for therapeutic interventions in humans with anxiety disorders. Recently, we found that delivering extinction trials soon (15 min) after fear conditioning yields a short-term suppression of fear, but little long-term extinction. Here, we explored the possible mechanisms underlying this deficit by assessing the suppression of fear to a CS immediately after extinction training (Experiment 1) and the context specificity of fear after both immediate and delayed extinction training (Experiment 2). We also examined the time course of the immediate extinction deficit (Experiment 3). Our results indicate that immediate extinction produces a short-lived and context-independent suppression of conditional freezing. Deficits in long-term extinction were apparent even when the extinction trials were given up to 6 h after conditioning. Moreover, this deficit was not due to different retention intervals that might have influenced the degree of spontaneous recovery after immediate and delayed extinction (Experiment 4). These results suggest that fear suppression under immediate extinction may be due to a short-term, context-independent habituation process, rather than extinction per se. Long-term extinction memory only develops when extinction training occurs at least six hours after conditioning.","PeriodicalId":520703,"journal":{"name":"Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)","volume":" ","pages":"62-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1101/lm.1085009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39989344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 62

Systemic or intra-amygdala injection of a benzodiazepine (midazolam) impairs extinction but spares re-extinction of conditioned fear responses. 全身或杏仁核内注射苯二氮卓类药物(咪达唑仑)会损害消退，但不会使条理性恐惧反应再次消退。

IF 2

Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) Pub Date : 2009-01-07 Print Date: 2009-01-01 DOI: 10.1101/lm.1154409

Genevra Hart, Justin A Harris, R Frederick Westbrook

{"title":"Systemic or intra-amygdala injection of a benzodiazepine (midazolam) impairs extinction but spares re-extinction of conditioned fear responses.","authors":"Genevra Hart, Justin A Harris, R Frederick Westbrook","doi":"10.1101/lm.1154409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/lm.1154409","url":null,"abstract":"Rats were subjected to one or two cycles of fear conditioning and extinction, injected with a benzodiazepine, midazolam, before the first or second extinction, and tested for long-term inhibition of fear responses (freezing). In Experiment 1, inhibition of context-conditioned fear was spared when midazolam was injected before the second extinction, but impaired when injected before the first. In Experiment 2, it was spared when midazolam was injected before the second extinction, but only if vehicle had been injected before the first: Inhibition was impaired when the drug was injected before both. In Experiment 3, inhibition of a discrete conditioned stimulus (CS A) was spared when midazolam was injected before its second extinction, but impaired when injected before extinction of CS A in rats that had undergone extinction of CS B. In Experiment 4, inhibition was spared when midazolam was injected into the basolateral amygdala before the second extinction, but impaired when injected before the first extinction of context-conditioned fear. The results show that midazolam impairs learning, but not relearning to inhibit fear responses, and are discussed in terms of state dependency, error correction, and memory retrieval, whereby the drug's anxiolytic effects on the second extinction reactivate and strengthen the original inhibitory memory.","PeriodicalId":520703,"journal":{"name":"Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)","volume":" ","pages":"53-61"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1101/lm.1154409","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39989343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 54

Interactions between prefrontal cortex and cerebellum revealed by trace eyelid conditioning. 前额叶皮层与小脑的相互作用。

IF 2

Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) Pub Date : 2009-01-07 Print Date: 2009-01-01 DOI: 10.1101/lm.1178309

Brian E Kalmbach, Tatsuya Ohyama, Joy C Kreider, Frank Riusech, Michael D Mauk

{"title":"Interactions between prefrontal cortex and cerebellum revealed by trace eyelid conditioning.","authors":"Brian E Kalmbach, Tatsuya Ohyama, Joy C Kreider, Frank Riusech, Michael D Mauk","doi":"10.1101/lm.1178309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/lm.1178309","url":null,"abstract":"Eyelid conditioning has proven useful for analysis of learning and computation in the cerebellum. Two variants, delay and trace conditioning, differ only by the relative timing of the training stimuli. Despite the subtlety of this difference, trace eyelid conditioning is prevented by lesions of the cerebellum, hippocampus, or medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), whereas delay eyelid conditioning is prevented by cerebellar lesions and is largely unaffected by forebrain lesions. Here we test whether these lesion results can be explained by two assertions: (1) Cerebellar learning requires temporal overlap between the mossy fiber inputs activated by the tone conditioned stimulus (CS) and the climbing fiber inputs activated by the reinforcing unconditioned stimulus (US), and therefore (2) trace conditioning requires activity that outlasts the presentation of the CS in a subset of mossy fibers separate from those activated directly by the CS. By use of electrical stimulation of mossy fibers as a CS, we show that cerebellar learning during trace eyelid conditioning requires an input that persists during the stimulus-free trace interval. By use of reversible inactivation experiments, we provide evidence that this input arises from the mPFC and arrives at the cerebellum via a previously unidentified site in the pontine nuclei. In light of previous PFC recordings in various species, we suggest that trace eyelid conditioning involves an interaction between the persistent activity of delay cells in mPFC-a putative mechanism of working memory-and motor learning in the cerebellum.","PeriodicalId":520703,"journal":{"name":"Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)","volume":" ","pages":"86-95"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1101/lm.1178309","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39993470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 137

Beyond transcription factors: the role of chromatin modifying enzymes in regulating transcription required for memory. 超越转录因子:染色质修饰酶在调节记忆所需转录中的作用。

IF 2

Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) Pub Date : 2008-06-26 Print Date: 2008-07-01 DOI: 10.1101/lm.917508

Ruth M Barrett, Marcelo A Wood

{"title":"Beyond transcription factors: the role of chromatin modifying enzymes in regulating transcription required for memory.","authors":"Ruth M Barrett, Marcelo A Wood","doi":"10.1101/lm.917508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/lm.917508","url":null,"abstract":"One of the alluring aspects of examining chromatin modifications in the role of modulating transcription required for long-term memory processes is that these modifications may provide transient and potentially stable epigenetic marks in the service of activating and/or maintaining transcriptional processes. These, in turn, may ultimately participate in the molecular mechanisms required for neuronal changes subserving long-lasting changes in behavior. As an epigenetic mechanism of transcriptional control, chromatin modification has been shown to participate in maintaining cellular memory (e.g., cell fate) and may underlie the strengthening and maintenance of synaptic connections required for long-term changes in behavior. Epigenetics has become central to several fields of neurobiology, where researchers have found that regulation of chromatin modification has a significant role in epilepsy, drug addiction, depression, neurodegenerative diseases, and memory. In this review, we will discuss the role of chromatin modifying enzymes in memory processes, as well as how recent studies in yeast genetics and cancer biology may impact the way we think about how chromatin modification and chromatin remodeling regulate neuronal function.","PeriodicalId":520703,"journal":{"name":"Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)","volume":" ","pages":"460-7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1101/lm.917508","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40518328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 235

Spatial and temporal episodic memory retrieval recruit dissociable functional networks in the human brain. 空间和时间情景记忆检索需要人脑中可分离的功能网络。

IF 2

Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) Pub Date : 2007-09-24 Print Date: 2007-10-01 DOI: 10.1101/lm.575107

Arne D Ekstrom, Susan Y Bookheimer

{"title":"Spatial and temporal episodic memory retrieval recruit dissociable functional networks in the human brain.","authors":"Arne D Ekstrom, Susan Y Bookheimer","doi":"10.1101/lm.575107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/lm.575107","url":null,"abstract":"Imaging, electrophysiological studies, and lesion work have shown that the medial temporal lobe (MTL) is important for episodic memory; however, it is unclear whether different MTL regions support the spatial, temporal, and item elements of episodic memory. In this study we used fMRI to examine retrieval performance emphasizing different aspects of episodic memory in the context of a spatial navigation paradigm. Subjects played a taxi-driver game (\"yellowcab\"), in which they freely searched for passengers and delivered them to specific landmark stores. Subjects then underwent fMRI scanning as they retrieved landmarks, spatial, and temporal associations from their navigational experience in three separate runs. Consistent with previous findings on item memory, perirhinal cortex activated most strongly during landmark retrieval compared with spatial or temporal source information retrieval. Both hippocampus and parahippocampal cortex activated significantly during retrieval of landmarks, spatial associations, and temporal order. We found, however, a significant dissociation between hippocampal and parahippocampal cortex activations, with spatial retrieval leading to greater parahippocampal activation compared with hippocampus and temporal order retrieval leading to greater hippocampal activation compared with parahippocampal cortex. Our results, coupled with previous findings, demonstrate that the hippocampus and parahippocampal cortex are preferentially recruited during temporal order and spatial association retrieval--key components of episodic \"source\" memory.","PeriodicalId":520703,"journal":{"name":"Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)","volume":" ","pages":"645-54"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1101/lm.575107","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40992320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 136

Differential effects of muscarinic receptor blockade in prelimbic cortex on acquisition and memory formation of an odor-reward task. 前边缘皮质毒蕈碱受体阻断对气味奖励任务习得和记忆形成的差异影响。

IF 2

Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) Pub Date : 2007-09-06 Print Date: 2007-09-01 DOI: 10.1101/lm.597507

Anna Carballo-Márquez, Anna Vale-Martínez, Gemma Guillazo-Blanch, Meritxell Torras-Garcia, Núria Boix-Trelis, Margarita Martí-Nicolovius

{"title":"Differential effects of muscarinic receptor blockade in prelimbic cortex on acquisition and memory formation of an odor-reward task.","authors":"Anna Carballo-Márquez, Anna Vale-Martínez, Gemma Guillazo-Blanch, Meritxell Torras-Garcia, Núria Boix-Trelis, Margarita Martí-Nicolovius","doi":"10.1101/lm.597507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/lm.597507","url":null,"abstract":"The present experiments determined the consequences of blocking muscarinic cholinergic receptors of the prelimbic (PL) cortex in the acquisition and retention of an odor-reward associative task. Rats underwent a training test (five trials) and a 24-h retention test (two retention trials and two relearning trials). In the first experiment, rats were bilaterally infused with scopolamine (20 or 5 microg/site) prior to training. Although scopolamine rats showed acquisition equivalent to PBS-injected controls, they exhibited weakened performance in the 24-h retention test measured by number of errors. In the second experiment, rats were injected with scopolamine (20 microg/site) immediately or 1 h after training and tested 24 h later. Scopolamine rats injected immediately showed severe amnesia detected in two performance measures (errors and latencies), demonstrating deficits in retention and relearning, whereas those injected 1 h later showed good 24-h test performance, similar to controls. These results suggest that muscarinic transmission in the PL cortex is essential for early memory formation, but not for acquisition, of a rapidly learned odor discrimination task. Findings corroborate the role of acetylcholine in consolidation processes and the participation of muscarinic receptors in olfactory associative tasks.","PeriodicalId":520703,"journal":{"name":"Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)","volume":" ","pages":"616-24"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1101/lm.597507","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40957085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 34

The central nucleus of the amygdala is essential for acquiring and expressing conditional fear after overtraining. 杏仁核的中央核对于过度训练后获得和表达条件恐惧至关重要。

IF 2

Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) Pub Date : 2007-09-06 Print Date: 2007-09-01 DOI: 10.1101/lm.607207

Joshua M Zimmerman, Christine A Rabinak, Ian G McLachlan, Stephen Maren

{"title":"The central nucleus of the amygdala is essential for acquiring and expressing conditional fear after overtraining.","authors":"Joshua M Zimmerman, Christine A Rabinak, Ian G McLachlan, Stephen Maren","doi":"10.1101/lm.607207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/lm.607207","url":null,"abstract":"The basolateral complex of the amygdala (BLA) is critical for the acquisition and expression of Pavlovian fear conditioning in rats. Nonetheless, rats with neurotoxic BLA lesions can acquire conditional fear after overtraining (75 trials). The capacity of rats with BLA lesions to acquire fear memory may be mediated by the central nucleus of the amygdala (CEA). To examine this issue, we examined the influence of neurotoxic CEA lesions or reversible inactivation of the CEA on the acquisition and expression of conditional freezing after overtraining in rats. Rats with pretraining CEA lesions (whether alone or in combination with BLA lesions) did not acquire conditional freezing to either the conditioning context or an auditory conditional stimulus after extensive overtraining. Similarly, post-training lesions of the CEA or BLA prevented the expression of overtrained fear. Lastly, muscimol infusions into the CEA prevented both the acquisition and the expression of overtrained fear, demonstrating that the effects of CEA lesions are not likely due to the destruction of en passant axons. These results suggest that the CEA is essential for conditional freezing after Pavlovian fear conditioning. Moreover, overtraining may engage a compensatory fear conditioning circuit involving the CEA in animals with damage to the BLA.","PeriodicalId":520703,"journal":{"name":"Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)","volume":" ","pages":"634-44"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1101/lm.607207","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40957087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 122