Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)最新文献

Identification of individual animals from position, orientation, and movement sequences in the Morris water task with machine learning: implications for spatial learning. 用机器学习识别莫里斯水任务中单个动物的位置、方向和运动序列：对空间学习的影响。

IF 2.2

Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) Pub Date : 2026-10-19 Print Date: 2026-10-01 DOI: 10.1101/lm.054233.126

Max G Segal, Derek A Hamilton

{"title":"Identification of individual animals from position, orientation, and movement sequences in the Morris water task with machine learning: implications for spatial learning.","authors":"Max G Segal, Derek A Hamilton","doi":"10.1101/lm.054233.126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/lm.054233.126","url":null,"abstract":"The Morris water task (MWT) has been the gold standard assessment of place learning and memory for over four decades, yet the processes that contribute to successful navigation are not completely understood. It is generally posited that rats learn to navigate directly to a place; however, navigation is not perfectly direct but contains variation in swim speed and trajectory, resulting in efficient, yet suboptimal paths. Recently, our lab demonstrated that path topography is quantitatively similar across trials within individual rats for a given start location, and dissimilar between rats and different start locations within rat. This suggests rats may take unique paths to the platform from each release point. If the sequences of position and heading changes in the MWT are reinforced based on individual experience, it should be possible to objectively classify (identify) individual rats using machine learning. In the present study, a recurrent neural network was trained to classify 15 rats based on trial-level time-series data of path coordinates, velocity, and orientation. Testing on unseen coordinates or combined features from the same starting locations yielded classification accuracies that were 5.93- to 7.26-fold greater than chance and significantly greater than data from different start locations. Classification using scalar metrics with support vector machines was unable to match these outcomes. Collectively, these observations support the hypothesis that navigation in the MWT involves learning to perform behavioral sequences.","PeriodicalId":520703,"journal":{"name":"Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)","volume":"33 10-11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149225707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Beyond memory consolidation? Varied effects of post-training heroin on drug place conditioning and escape learning. 除了巩固记忆？训练后海洛因对毒品场所条件反射和逃避学习的不同影响。

IF 2.2

Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) Pub Date : 2026-09-21 Print Date: 2026-08-01 DOI: 10.1101/lm.054230.126

Brooke Ginson, Francesco Leri

{"title":"Beyond memory consolidation? Varied effects of post-training heroin on drug place conditioning and escape learning.","authors":"Brooke Ginson, Francesco Leri","doi":"10.1101/lm.054230.126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/lm.054230.126","url":null,"abstract":"To test the hypothesis that opiates reinforce self-administration through modulation of memory consolidation, three experiments in male Sprague-Dawley rats explored whether post-training heroin administration could facilitate drug place conditioning and escape learning in the Barnes maze. Immediately following heroin- (1 mg/kg; Experiment 1) or cocaine-compartment (20 mg/kg; Experiment 2) conditioning sessions, rats received vehicle, 1 mg/kg heroin, or 1 mg/kg heroin in combination with 3 mg/kg naloxone. All groups were tested after one pairing (Test 1) and again after three additional pairings (Test 2). Experiment 3 assessed the effects of vehicle, 1 and 2 mg/kg heroin administered immediately following each of 10 escape training sessions. All groups were tested drug-free on a final Probe test when the escape location was moved to the opposite quadrant of the maze. Contrary to predictions, in both place conditioning experiments there was no significant drug-compartment preference in rats that received post-training 1 mg/kg heroin, and this effect was reversed by naloxone. In the Barnes maze, post-training 1 mg/kg heroin did enhance investigation of the escape location during training. However, during the Probe test, 1 mg/kg increased while 2 mg/kg decreased investigation of the original escape location, and only 1 mg/kg enhanced locomotion within the original training quadrant. Taken together, this complex pattern of results cannot be interpreted simply from a memory consolidation perspective and suggests that, even when administered post-training, heroin can influence subsequent task performance through incidental learning.","PeriodicalId":520703,"journal":{"name":"Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)","volume":"33 8-9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149019406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Attenuated conditioned taste aversion for sucrose in female mice with a history of chronic low-dose ethanol exposure. 慢性低剂量乙醇暴露史的雌性小鼠对蔗糖的条件性味觉厌恶减弱。

IF 2.2

Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) Pub Date : 2026-09-17 Print Date: 2026-08-01 DOI: 10.1101/lm.054268.126

Christina M Curran-Alfaro, Christine M Side, Ankith Alluri, Wesley Corey, Conor Sheehan, Jacqueline M Barker

{"title":"Attenuated conditioned taste aversion for sucrose in female mice with a history of chronic low-dose ethanol exposure.","authors":"Christina M Curran-Alfaro, Christine M Side, Ankith Alluri, Wesley Corey, Conor Sheehan, Jacqueline M Barker","doi":"10.1101/lm.054268.126","DOIUrl":"10.1101/lm.054268.126","url":null,"abstract":"It is becoming increasingly clear that chronic exposure to lower levels of ethanol impacts learning and behavior. To determine the effect of chronic low-dose ethanol exposure on sensitivity to changes in stimulus value, a conditioned taste aversion procedure was used. Adult male and female mice underwent a sucrose two bottle-choice drinking paradigm. Each day, mice received an injection of either low-dose ethanol (0.5 g/kg) or saline 1 h after sucrose access for 20 days. This was followed by a lithium chloride (LiCl)-induced conditioned taste aversion (CTA) paradigm in which 0.15M LiCl or vehicle injection was administered immediately after sucrose consumption for three days. On the fourth day, changes in sucrose consumption were analyzed. Chronic exposure to low-dose ethanol did not affect sucrose consumption in either female or male mice during two-bottle choice. In female mice, a history of chronic low-dose ethanol exposure blocked the development of LiCl-induced CTA. A history of chronic low-dose ethanol did not impact LiCl-induced CTA in male mice as both ethanol-naive and -exposed male mice who underwent LiCl pairing reduced sucrose consumption. This suggests that low-dose ethanol altered aversion-related behavior in female mice, which may have implications for development of aberrant reward seeking.","PeriodicalId":520703,"journal":{"name":"Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)","volume":"33 8-9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148993639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Relational memory structure among prior neutral episodes guides Pavlovian threat responses. 前中性事件的关系记忆结构指导巴甫洛夫威胁反应。

IF 2.2

Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) Pub Date : 2026-09-17 Print Date: 2026-08-01 DOI: 10.1101/lm.054210.126

Blazej M Baczkowski, Arno Villringer

{"title":"Relational memory structure among prior neutral episodes guides Pavlovian threat responses.","authors":"Blazej M Baczkowski, Arno Villringer","doi":"10.1101/lm.054210.126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/lm.054210.126","url":null,"abstract":"Learning about danger through exposure to harmful events relies on Pavlovian conditioning, which enables individuals to prepare for potential threats when encountering warning signals in the future. Sensory preconditioning further shows that defensive significance can extend to neutral cues associated with a subsequently conditioned stimulus, even when those cues have never themselves been paired with an aversive outcome. Here, we asked whether this principle extends to a relational memory structure assembled across separate neutral experiences, and whether cues closer to the conditioned threat cue within this structure evoke stronger defensive responses. Participants first learned overlapping pairs of neutral images that together formed an abstract linear graph. The following day, the two images at opposite ends of the graph were differentially paired with mild electric shocks, establishing them as threat and safety signals. When later exposed to the remaining images under risk of shock, participants exhibited graded defensive responses across self-report and physiological measures that varied systematically with relational distance from the conditioned cues. These findings extend the principle of sensory preconditioning from elementary arrangements to a multistep relational memory structure, showing that the organization of prior neutral memories can shape the graded expression of defensive responses.","PeriodicalId":520703,"journal":{"name":"Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)","volume":"33 8-9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148993664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

No evidence for sleep-dependent memory generalization in a large online sample. 在一个大的在线样本中，没有证据表明睡眠依赖记忆泛化。

IF 2.2

Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) Pub Date : 2026-08-17 Print Date: 2026-06-01 DOI: 10.1101/lm.054219.126

Tiange Lu, Zhuangning Ji, Alexa Tompary, Eitan Schechtman

{"title":"No evidence for sleep-dependent memory generalization in a large online sample.","authors":"Tiange Lu, Zhuangning Ji, Alexa Tompary, Eitan Schechtman","doi":"10.1101/lm.054219.126","DOIUrl":"10.1101/lm.054219.126","url":null,"abstract":"Memory generalization allows individuals to extract and apply information from prior experiences to novel situations, supporting flexible learning and efficient decision-making. Theoretical models suggest that sleep should facilitate generalization, yet the literature examining its role in promoting generalization is mixed. We recruited 137 participants via Prolific to complete an image-location memory task over two sessions spaced 12 h apart. Participants were randomly assigned to the Wake group (learning in the morning) or the Sleep group (learning in the evening). In Session 1, participants learned the location of stimuli on the screen and were tested on their memory 5 min later. Twelve hours later, in Session 2, they were tested on their memory again. Stimuli consisted of 160 images from eight semantic categories and were strategically positioned on-screen to test the effects of generalization on retrieval (i.e., category-based memory distortions and biases). After the delay, retrieval was less accurate and demonstrated more generalization. However, these effects were mostly independent of Group, with some evidence for enhanced generalization following a period of wakefulness over sleep. Generalization was also driven by time of day, with more generalization in the evening relative to the morning. Taken together, our results, based on a large online sample, do not support a role for sleep in promoting memory generalization.","PeriodicalId":520703,"journal":{"name":"Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)","volume":"33 6-7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148805337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessment of sex-dependent cognitive flexibility in a mouse model of fragile X syndrome. 脆性X综合征小鼠模型中性别依赖性认知灵活性的评估。

IF 2.2

Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) Pub Date : 2026-08-03 Print Date: 2026-06-01 DOI: 10.1101/lm.054216.126

Patricia S Pirbhoy, Oswald Steward

{"title":"Assessment of sex-dependent cognitive flexibility in a mouse model of fragile X syndrome.","authors":"Patricia S Pirbhoy, Oswald Steward","doi":"10.1101/lm.054216.126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/lm.054216.126","url":null,"abstract":"Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a leading inherited cause of intellectual disability. FXS is caused by a trinucleotide repeat expansion in the fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein 1 (fmr1) gene, which results in transcriptional silencing, and loss of its protein product, FMRP. One symptom of FXS is cognitive inflexibility, but there is no generally accepted way to test this in rodents. Tests of reversal learning or extinction paradigms have been used as measures of cognitive flexibility, but these are indirect, require substantial training and experimenter effort, and often yield inconsistent results. This study tests male and female Fmr1 knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice in a \"puzzle box\" specifically designed to assess cognitive flexibility. The Puzzle Box is a two-chambered apparatus with a brightly illuminated area and an enclosed goal area. Novel obstacles block the underpass to the goal area, requiring that mice adopt new strategies. Results reveal that female, but not male, Fmr1 KO mice exhibit impaired performance compared to WT controls. Analysis of behavioral measures during novel obstacle presentation revealed a behavioral phenotype consistent with increased anxiety-like and hyperactivity behaviors, as well as altered engagement with novel obstacle conditions, in female Fmr1 KO mice compared to WT controls. Overall, the Puzzle Box test shows promise as a rapid screening test for cognitive flexibility impairments in FXS or other rodent models of neurological disorders.","PeriodicalId":520703,"journal":{"name":"Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)","volume":"33 6-7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148671999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Transition and renewal at Learning & Memory. 学习与记忆的过渡与更新。

IF 2.2

Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) Pub Date : 2026-07-02 Print Date: 2026-06-01 DOI: 10.1101/lm.054242.126

引用次数: 0

Experimentally induced encoding variability influences mnemonic discrimination: evidence from human behavioral data and global matching models. 实验诱导的编码变异影响助记辨别：来自人类行为数据和全局匹配模型的证据。

IF 2.2

Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) Pub Date : 2026-07-02 Print Date: 2026-06-01 DOI: 10.1101/lm.054218.126

Derek J Huffman, Leslie Rollins, Morgan Carter, Chayse A Cotton, Katelyn B Cockrell, Elena Rezac, Mai Khanh Tran

引用次数: 0

Temporal proximity to sleep determines emotional memory interference. 时间接近睡眠决定了情绪记忆的干扰。

IF 2.2

Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) Pub Date : 2026-06-05 Print Date: 2026-05-01 DOI: 10.1101/lm.054156.125

Yan Cheuk Tsang, Tao Xia, William Leung, Xiaoqing Hu

{"title":"Temporal proximity to sleep determines emotional memory interference.","authors":"Yan Cheuk Tsang, Tao Xia, William Leung, Xiaoqing Hu","doi":"10.1101/lm.054156.125","DOIUrl":"10.1101/lm.054156.125","url":null,"abstract":"Memory cues can be associated with both positive and negative experiences at different time points, in either a positive-to-negative or negative-to-positive order. While sleep preferentially consolidates recent experiences, its impact on emotional memory across such opposing-valence sequences remains unclear. We tested whether sleep differentially modulates delayed cue affect in positive-to-negative versus negative-to-positive conditions. One hundred twenty participants were randomly assigned to sleep or wake groups and completed both conditions in counterbalanced order. Participants learned pseudoword-picture associations where the same cues were paired with emotional pictures of opposite valence. Emotional valence ratings were collected immediately after encoding and after a 12 h interval (overnight sleep vs. daytime wakefulness). Sleep led to more positive cue ratings in the negative-to-positive condition and more negative ratings in the positive-to-negative condition, compared to wake controls. Stronger positive picture ratings predicted greater positive-valence shifts after sleep in the negative-to-positive condition. These findings indicate that sleep preferentially modulates the affective tone of memories encoded closer to sleep onset, independent of recognition accuracy. This suggests a dissociation between mnemonic and affective consolidation, where sleep selectively biases emotional value according to the temporal order of experience. This principle may inform therapeutic strategies for optimizing emotional outcomes by timing positive experiences before sleep, though clinical applications require further study.","PeriodicalId":520703,"journal":{"name":"Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)","volume":"33 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13261805/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148177483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Item recognition is associated with gut microbiota composition in healthy humans. 项目识别与健康人肠道菌群组成有关。

IF 2.2

Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) Pub Date : 2026-06-04 Print Date: 2026-05-01 DOI: 10.1101/lm.054160.125

Javiera P Oyarzun, Thomas M Kuntz, Xochitl C Morgan, Emily A Green, Lila Davachi, Curtis Huttenhower, Joseph E LeDoux, Elizabeth A Phelps

引用次数: 0