Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)最新文献_第3页

Long-term dynamic profiles of cognitive kinases induced by different learning protocols. 不同学习方案诱导的认知激酶的长期动态特征。

IF 2.2

Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) Pub Date : 2025-11-24 Print Date: 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1101/lm.054177.125

Yili Zhang, Rong-Yu Liu, Paul Smolen, John H Byrne

{"title":"Long-term dynamic profiles of cognitive kinases induced by different learning protocols.","authors":"Yili Zhang, Rong-Yu Liu, Paul Smolen, John H Byrne","doi":"10.1101/lm.054177.125","DOIUrl":"10.1101/lm.054177.125","url":null,"abstract":"Learning is associated with activation of multiple protein kinases, but few details are known about the activation dynamics in response to different learning protocols. We addressed this issue by examining the long-term dynamics of kinases critical for long-term synaptic facilitation (LTF) of the Aplysia sensorimotor synapse. Three serotonin (5-HT) protocols have been found to induce LTF with distinct effectiveness: the five-pulse regular-spaced Standard protocol; the five-pulse irregular-spaced Enhanced protocol; and the two-pulse protocol with an interval of 45 min. We previously compared long-term dynamics of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) isoform ERK after these protocols. Here we examined the long-term dynamics of additional kinases critical for LTF: p38 MAPK, protein kinase A (PKA), and p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK). All four kinases showed complex dynamics of activity during 24 h, with a first wave of increase occurring shortly after 5-HT treatment and ending within 5 h, and a second wave from ∼5 to 18 h. After the standard and two-pulse protocols, all kinase activities returned toward basal at 24 h, but after the Enhanced protocol, some remained elevated at 24 h. Interactions and multiple feedback loops among the kinase pathways, and with the growth factors Aplysia neurotrophin (NT) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), contribute to development of molecular clocks underlying these complex dynamics. These results help to delineate the molecular mechanisms underlying the induction of LTF and provide insights that may help design improved training protocols for induction and maintenance of LTF and long-term memory.","PeriodicalId":520703,"journal":{"name":"Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)","volume":"32 11-12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12649790/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145598210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Does recollection contribute to unitized associative memory? The roles of repetition learning and memory strength. 回忆有助于统一联想记忆吗？重复学习与记忆强度的关系。

IF 2.2

Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) Pub Date : 2025-11-07 Print Date: 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1101/lm.054147.125

Xiangshen Liu, Lingwei Wang, Jiongjiong Yang

{"title":"Does recollection contribute to unitized associative memory? The roles of repetition learning and memory strength.","authors":"Xiangshen Liu, Lingwei Wang, Jiongjiong Yang","doi":"10.1101/lm.054147.125","DOIUrl":"10.1101/lm.054147.125","url":null,"abstract":"The ability to remember the relationship between unrelated events is a powerful cognitive function. When two unrelated stimuli are encoded in a condition of high level of unitization (LOU), the associative memory could be acquired with a strong familiarity contribution. This provides a promising way for brain lesioned patients to obtain a new associative memory. However, recent studies are inconsistent on the extent to which the recollection process is involved in unitized associative memory. To clarify this issue, two groups of participants learned unrelated word pairs once or twice in the high- and low-LOU conditions and were tested at 10 min and 24 h. The recollection and familiarity processes were estimated by dual-process models. Results showed that both recollection and familiarity were stronger for the high- than for the low-LOU condition. However, when memory strength was controlled, recollection was comparable for high- and low-LOU conditions, while familiarity still showed a significant effect of LOU. In addition, the effect of LOU for familiarity increased after repetition learning. The results suggest that the recollection contribution to unitized association is related to memory strength, but the familiarity contribution is stably observed and increases after repetition learning when unrelated word pairs are used. These findings are also significant for memory rehabilitation in aging and brain lesioned patients.","PeriodicalId":520703,"journal":{"name":"Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)","volume":"32 11-12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12649787/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145472655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Influence of contextual exposure on memory strength and precision for inhibitory avoidance in male and female rats. 情境暴露对雌雄大鼠抑制性回避记忆强度和准确性的影响。

IF 2.2

Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) Pub Date : 2025-10-30 Print Date: 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1101/lm.054104.125

Aspen R Holm, Jason J Radley, Ryan T LaLumiere

{"title":"Influence of contextual exposure on memory strength and precision for inhibitory avoidance in male and female rats.","authors":"Aspen R Holm, Jason J Radley, Ryan T LaLumiere","doi":"10.1101/lm.054104.125","DOIUrl":"10.1101/lm.054104.125","url":null,"abstract":"Aversive associative learning paradigms such as inhibitory avoidance (IA) are frequently used to examine episodic-like memories in rodents. In IA, rodents learn to associate a context with a footshock, with testing for memory strength in the original training context and memory precision in a similar yet distinct neutral context. The present work assessed how different contextual exposure procedures affect memory strength and precision in IA at both recent and remote time points using male and female Long-Evans rats. An initial experiment found that rats kept in the lit (non-shock) compartment of the IA apparatus for 60 sec during training, as opposed to 10 sec, displayed enhanced memory strength, with discrimination between both chambers at the recent retention test and generalization at the remote retention test. Subsequent experiments investigated the effects of contextual pre-exposure the day before training. The results indicate that pre-exposure to the neutral context promoted generalization without altering memory strength compared to the first experiment, whereas pre-exposure to the aversive chamber promoted discrimination and memory strength. Notably, the different procedures yielded similar effects in both sexes. However, the results also indicate an overall pattern of greater contextual discrimination in females compared to males. These findings provide evidence for how different contextual exposures influence the degree of encoding at the time of training and a behavioral foundation for future studies examining the neurobiological mechanisms underlying memory strength and precision in IA, while highlighting the importance of using both sexes in initial behavioral work.","PeriodicalId":520703,"journal":{"name":"Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)","volume":"32 11-12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12649789/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145411417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Maintenance of memory by negative feedback of synaptic protein elimination: modeling KIBRA-PKMζ dynamics in LTP. 通过突触蛋白消除的负反馈来维持记忆：在LTP中模拟KIBRA-PKMζ动力学。

IF 2.2

Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) Pub Date : 2025-10-16 Print Date: 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1101/lm.054077.124

Harel Z Shouval, Changchi Hsieh, Rafael E Flores-Obando, David A Cano, Tara E Tracy, Todd C Sacktor

引用次数: 0

Prospective and concurrent metamemory of familiarity and working memory by rhesus monkeys. 猕猴熟悉度和工作记忆的前瞻性和并发性元记忆。

IF 2.2

Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) Pub Date : 2025-09-19 Print Date: 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1101/lm.054046.124

Jad Nasrini, Tara Dove-VanWormer, Robert R Hampton

引用次数: 0

Medial orbitofrontal cortex activation reduces discrimination for threat in male rats. 内侧眶额皮质激活降低雄性大鼠对威胁的辨别。

IF 2.2

Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) Pub Date : 2025-09-19 Print Date: 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1101/lm.054107.125

Jia-Zhen Shih, Chang-Chih Kuo

{"title":"Medial orbitofrontal cortex activation reduces discrimination for threat in male rats.","authors":"Jia-Zhen Shih, Chang-Chih Kuo","doi":"10.1101/lm.054107.125","DOIUrl":"10.1101/lm.054107.125","url":null,"abstract":"Recognizing threats is crucial for animals to adopt appropriate behaviors. The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is essential for emotional regulation and cognitive flexibility. This study investigated the effect of medial OFC (mOFC) manipulation on discrimination ability in male rats in a fear differential conditioning paradigm. The rats were conditioned to two different types of conditioned stimuli (CS+ and CS-); the CS+ was paired with an electric footshock to increase its threat significance, whereas the CS- was made to be less threatening by not pairing with a footshock. The mOFC was manipulated during either the acquisition or retrieval stage. Inactivation of the mOFC during either stage did not significantly change the differential fear responses to CS+ and CS- or the fear discrimination index. However, mOFC activation during both the acquisition and retrieval stages of the fear differential conditioning paradigm reduced the fear discrimination index by enhancing fear expression to the less threatening signal. These results suggest that mOFC activation impairs the discrimination of environmental information and plays a critical role in modulating fear responses. This research provides insights into the neural mechanisms involved in cognitive flexibility and emotional regulation by clarifying the role of the mOFC in fear discrimination.","PeriodicalId":520703,"journal":{"name":"Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)","volume":"32 9-10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12543027/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145093436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Differential impacts of advanced age and sex in age-related trace fear memory impairment in rats. 老年和性别对大鼠年龄相关的痕量恐惧记忆损伤的不同影响。

IF 2.2

Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) Pub Date : 2025-09-05 Print Date: 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1101/lm.054159.125

Payton K Robinson, Timothy J Jarome, Sydney Trask

{"title":"Differential impacts of advanced age and sex in age-related trace fear memory impairment in rats.","authors":"Payton K Robinson, Timothy J Jarome, Sydney Trask","doi":"10.1101/lm.054159.125","DOIUrl":"10.1101/lm.054159.125","url":null,"abstract":"While cognitive function remains stable for majority of the lifespan, many functions sharply decline in later life. Women have higher rates of neurodegenerative diseases that involve memory loss, including Alzheimer's disease. This sex disparity may be due to longer life expectancies when compared to men; women outlive men by roughly 5 years globally. Despite this, most preclinical work compares aged male rodents to young adult counterparts, making it difficult to determine the relative contributions of advanced age and sex to memory function and neurodegeneration. We used male and female rats throughout old age (PND590-734) to examine the extent to which both sex and advanced age would impact trace fear memory and associated neural changes, including expression of the immediate early gene zif268, perineuronal nets (PNN) amount, and lysine-48 (K48) polyubiquitin protein tagging in brain regions necessary for trace fear memory: the prelimbic cortex (PL), the dorsal hippocampus (DH), and the basolateral amygdala (BLA). While both advanced age and biological sex impacted trace fear memory, they had no effect on acquisition or context fear retrieval. Advanced age was associated with decreased zif268 expression in the PL and DH, while biological sex had no influence. PNN amount corresponded with advanced aged in the PL, but not in the DH or BLA, and was not influenced by sex. Neither biological sex nor advanced age impacted K48 polyubiquitin levels in any region. Overall, these results suggest that advanced age has a more pronounced effect on memory impairment and associated neural changes than biological sex.","PeriodicalId":520703,"journal":{"name":"Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)","volume":"32 7-8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12419548/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145007042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sex and estrous cycle effects on stress-enhanced fear learning in Long-Evans rats. 性和发情周期对Long-Evans大鼠压力增强的恐惧学习的影响。

IF 2.2

Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) Pub Date : 2025-08-07 Print Date: 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1101/lm.054097.125

Sofia A Lopez-Kawa, K Matthew Lattal

{"title":"Sex and estrous cycle effects on stress-enhanced fear learning in Long-Evans rats.","authors":"Sofia A Lopez-Kawa, K Matthew Lattal","doi":"10.1101/lm.054097.125","DOIUrl":"10.1101/lm.054097.125","url":null,"abstract":"Individuals diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are hyperresponsive to otherwise ordinary stimuli (e.g., loud noises or certain smells) long after a traumatic experience. At a preclinical level, this persistent effect of trauma is captured in stress-enhanced fear learning (SEFL), in which a stressful experience in one context causes a persistent increase in fear conditioning with a mild stressor in a second context. Here, we characterized multiple behaviors (including freezing, rearing, darting, and jumping) in male and female Long-Evans rats during SEFL. Rats received a battery of foot shocks in one context followed by a mild stressor (single foot shock) in a second context. We found that males and females with a history of multiple shocks in one context had higher freezing levels during the SEFL test, relative to no shock controls, and that this SEFL effect persisted to a second test 30 days later. The dominant response was freezing in males and females, with no reliable sex differences at any stage of the SEFL procedure, but females also showed some unique escape-like behaviors on the days of trauma and mild stress exposure. In addition, females in the proestrus and estrus phases of the estrous cycle during the initial shock exposure showed increased SEFL relative to females in the metestrus and diestrus phases. These findings suggest that males and females show similar SEFL effects with freezing behavior, but that ovarian cycle phase at the time of trauma may alter the strength of SEFL in females.","PeriodicalId":520703,"journal":{"name":"Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)","volume":"32 7-8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12419549/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144802469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Targeted memory reactivation during sleep can induce forgetting of overlapping memories. 睡眠中有针对性的记忆再激活可以诱发重叠记忆的遗忘。

IF 2

Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) Pub Date : 2022-10-17 Print Date: 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1101/lm.053594.122

Bárður H Joensen, Marcus O Harrington, Sam C Berens, Scott A Cairney, M Gareth Gaskell, Aidan J Horner

{"title":"Targeted memory reactivation during sleep can induce forgetting of overlapping memories.","authors":"Bárður H Joensen, Marcus O Harrington, Sam C Berens, Scott A Cairney, M Gareth Gaskell, Aidan J Horner","doi":"10.1101/lm.053594.122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/lm.053594.122","url":null,"abstract":"Memory reactivation during sleep can shape new memories into a long-term form. Reactivation of memories can be induced via the delivery of auditory cues during sleep. Although this targeted memory reactivation (TMR) approach can strengthen newly acquired memories, research has tended to focus on single associative memories. It is less clear how TMR affects retention for overlapping associative memories. This is critical, given that repeated retrieval of overlapping associations during wake can lead to forgetting, a phenomenon known as retrieval-induced forgetting (RIF). We asked whether a similar pattern of forgetting occurs when TMR is used to cue reactivation of overlapping pairwise associations during sleep. Participants learned overlapping pairs-learned separately, interleaved with other unrelated pairs. During sleep, we cued a subset of overlapping pairs using TMR. While TMR increased retention for the first encoded pairs, memory decreased for the second encoded pairs. This pattern of retention was only present for pairs not tested prior to sleep. The results suggest that TMR can lead to forgetting, an effect similar to RIF during wake. However, this effect did not extend to memories that had been strengthened via retrieval prior to sleep. We therefore provide evidence for a reactivation-induced forgetting effect during sleep.","PeriodicalId":520703,"journal":{"name":"Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)","volume":" ","pages":"401-411"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9578373/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40395893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Impact of hormonal contraceptives on sex differences in fear conditioning and fear extinction in PTSD. 激素避孕药对PTSD患者恐惧条件反射和恐惧消退性别差异的影响。

IF 2.2

Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) Pub Date : 2022-09-06 Print Date: 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1101/lm.053597.122

Morgan E Bartholomew, Vincent Rozalski, Anne Richards, Joyce Gurdock, Mary Thornton, Connie Fee, Sa'ar L Lipshitz, Thomas J Metzler, Thomas C Neylan, Sabra S Inslicht

{"title":"Impact of hormonal contraceptives on sex differences in fear conditioning and fear extinction in PTSD.","authors":"Morgan E Bartholomew, Vincent Rozalski, Anne Richards, Joyce Gurdock, Mary Thornton, Connie Fee, Sa'ar L Lipshitz, Thomas J Metzler, Thomas C Neylan, Sabra S Inslicht","doi":"10.1101/lm.053597.122","DOIUrl":"10.1101/lm.053597.122","url":null,"abstract":"Sex differences in the neurobiological mechanisms involved in fear conditioning and extinction have been suggested to contribute to differential vulnerability for the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in women compared with men. Reproductive hormones, such as estradiol, have been shown to facilitate fear conditioning and extinction learning and may explain some of these differences. However, the effect of commonly used hormonal contraceptives on the neurobiological mechanisms of fear conditioning and extinction is poorly understood. A laboratory study was conducted in trauma-exposed men and women with and without full or partial PTSD to examine effects of sex and use of hormonal birth control on fear conditioning, fear extinction learning, and extinction retention. Participants underwent fear conditioning with stimuli that were paired (CS+) or unpaired (CS-) with shock. Extinction learning occurred 72 h later, and extinction retention was tested 1 wk after extinction. Women on hormonal contraceptives (HCs) demonstrated enhanced acquisition of fear conditioning and enhanced extinction of fear as compared with women off hormonal birth control and men. While clinical implications have yet to be determined, these results suggest that hormonal contraceptives may facilitate learning during both fear acquisition and extinction. Understanding the impact of sex and hormones on fear conditioning and extinction processes may lead to new insights into the pathophysiology of PTSD and result in advancements in treatment that may vary by sex.","PeriodicalId":520703,"journal":{"name":"Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)","volume":" ","pages":"332-339"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9488024/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33493013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0