Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM最新文献

{"title":"The association between vitamin B12, folate, homocysteine levels, and carotid intima-media thickness in children with obesity: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Elif Söbü,&nbsp;Hanife Gülden Düzkalır,&nbsp;Bahar Özcabı,&nbsp;Gül Demet Kaya Özçora","doi":"10.1515/jpem-2022-0250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2022-0250","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We aimed to evaluate the association between vitamin B12, folate, homocysteine levels, and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) among children with obesity in whom vitamin deficiencies are more frequent.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Herein, 100 children with obesity (58 girls) were included (age, 5-18 years). Height, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), puberty stage, blood pressure, and biochemical values were collected from medical records; standard deviations (SDS) and percentiles were calculated. Obesity was defined as BMI SDS of >+2SDS. Vitamin B12 and folate levels of <300 pg/mL and <4.8 ng/mL, respectively, were considered deficient. A radiologist quantified measurements from the carotid artery.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean patient age was 12.52 ± 3.63 years. The mean weight SDS, BMI SDS, and WC/height were +3.37 ± 0.93, +2.93 ± 0.55, and 0.65 ± 0.05, respectively. In pubertal cases, insulin (p<0.001), the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p=0.001) and homocysteine (p=0.002) levels were higher; vitamin B12 (p<0.001) and folate (p<0.001) levels were lower than those in prepubertal ones. WC and HOMA-IR correlated with CIMT; however, homocysteine levels were not correlated with CIMT.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In our study, pubertal cases had lower vitamin B12 and folate levels as well as higher homocysteine levels. Although no correlation was identified between homocysteine levels and CIMT, this condition may be related to our study group comprising children, who had a shorter duration of obesity than those in adults. As CIMT was higher in children/adolescents with increased WC, it is proposed that they need central obesity more frequently and carefully follow-up.</p>","PeriodicalId":520684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM","volume":" ","pages":"1051-1058"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40497784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From pregnancy to breastfeeding: adequate maternal body mass index is essential to prevent a high body mass index in your children.","authors":"Caroline Brand,&nbsp;Camila Felin Fochesatto,&nbsp;Emilio Villa-González,&nbsp;João Francisco de Castro Silveira,&nbsp;Arieli Fernandes Dias,&nbsp;Fernanda Quevedo Alves,&nbsp;Anelise Reis Gaya,&nbsp;Jane Dagmar Pollo Renner,&nbsp;Cézane Priscila Reuter","doi":"10.1515/jpem-2022-0174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2022-0174","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To verify the associations between prenatal and perinatal factors with offspring body mass index (BMI) and the moderator role of maternal BMI in this relationship.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cross-sectional study developed with 1,562 children and adolescents aged between 6 and 17 years, as well as their mothers, from southern Brazil. The prenatal and perinatal factors, weight, and height for the calculation of maternal BMI were self-reported. For the calculation of BMI, weight and height of the child/adolescent were measured on an anthropometric scale with a coupled stadiometer. Linear regression models were used for the moderation analysis. All analyzes were adjusted for the mother's and child's age, sex, sexual maturation, skin color/race, and educational level.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>cesarean as type of delivery (β=0.66; 95% CI=0.22 1.04; p=0.002) and pregnancy complications (β=0.60; 95% CI=0.15 1.04; p=0.002) were positively associated with offspring BMI. Schoolchildren who were breastfed for 4-6 months showed -0.56 kg/m² of BMI (95% CI=-1.06-0.06; p=0.02). Birth weight was also associated with BMI, with low weight being inversely (β=-0.59; 95% CI=-1.03-0.15; p=0.008), while overweight was positively related (β=0.84; 95% CI=0.08 1.60; p=0.02). The moderation analysis indicated a positive interaction between the mother's BMI and cesarean, pregnancy complications, and smoking with the offspring's BMI. On the other hand, there was an inverse association between breastfeeding from 7 to 12 months and the offspring BMI, only in mothers with high BMI.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Adequate maternal BMI is essential to prevent a high BMI in their children, especially when considering the influence of prenatal and perinatal risk factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":520684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM","volume":" ","pages":"1033-1040"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40498809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advantages of monitoring rT3 and dividing LT3 dose in the treatment of consumptive hypothyroidism associated with infantile hepatic hemangioma.","authors":"Masaya Numazawa,&nbsp;Kouki Tomari,&nbsp;Junko Igaki,&nbsp;Minako Koki,&nbsp;Yoko Kina,&nbsp;Takashi Matsuoka","doi":"10.1515/jpem-2022-0032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2022-0032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>In consumptive hypothyroidism associated with infantile hepatic hemangiomas (IHH), elevated reverse triiodothyronine (rT3) is known due to elevated D3. This report shows that rT3 is a new indicator of IHH progression and that three divided doses of LT3 per day were more effective than a single dose.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 23 day-old boy was diagnosed with diffuse IHH and severe hypothyroidism with high rT3. Propranolol and LT4 were administered. Hemangiomas gradually diminished and rT3 decreased, but the thyroid-stimulating hormone remained elevated, and free triiodothyronine (fT3) did not normalize after 2 weeks of treatment. Liothyronine (LT3) was started as a single dose and then divided into three doses after 1 week, which stabilized thyroid function.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>rT3 levels were less variable and decreased in conjunction with tumor shrinkage; thus, rT3 is an indicator of therapeutic outcomes for IHH. LT3 administered in divided doses aided in managing IHH-associated hypothyroidism.</p>","PeriodicalId":520684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM","volume":" ","pages":"1453-1456"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40481703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening of non-syndromic early-onset child and adolescent obese patients in terms of <i>LEP, LEPR, MC4R</i> and <i>POMC</i> gene variants by next-generation sequencing.","authors":"Özlem Nalbantoğlu,&nbsp;Filiz Hazan,&nbsp;Sezer Acar,&nbsp;Semra Gürsoy,&nbsp;Behzat Özkan","doi":"10.1515/jpem-2022-0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2022-0027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Non-syndromic monogenic obesity is a rare cause of early-onset severe obesity in the childhood period. The aim of this study was to screen four obesity related genes (<i>LEP, LEPR, MC4R</i> and <i>POMC</i>) in children and adolescents who had severe, non-syndromic early onset obesity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Next-generation sequencing of all exons in <i>LEP, LEPR, MC4R</i> and <i>POMC</i> was performed in 154 children and adolescents with early onset severe obesity obesity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifteen different variants in nineteen patients were identified with a variant detection rate of 12.3%. While six different heterozygous variants were observed in <i>MC4R</i> gene (10/154 patients; 6.5%), five different variants in <i>POMC</i> gene (four of them were heterozygous and one of them was homozygous) (6/154 patients; 3.9%) and four different homozygous variants in <i>LEPR</i> gene (3/154 patients; 1.9%) were described. However, no variants were detected in the LEP gene. The most common pathogenic variant was c.496G>A in <i>MC4R</i> gene, which was detected in four unrelated patients. Six novel variants (6/15 variants; 40%) were described in seven patients. Four of them including c.233C>A and c.752T>C in <i>MC4R</i> gene and c.761dup and c.1221dup in <i>LEPR</i> gene were evaluated as pathogenic or likely pathogenic.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In conclusion, MC4R variants are the most common genetic cause of monogenic early-onset obesity, consistent with the literature. The c.496G>A variant in <i>MC4R</i> gene is highly prevalent in early-onset obese patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":520684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM","volume":" ","pages":"1041-1050"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40481673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Craniosynostosis in a patient with Fanconi-Bickel syndrome: a case report.","authors":"Matthew M Demczko,&nbsp;Tullis T Liu,&nbsp;Joseph A Napoli","doi":"10.1515/jpem-2022-0150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2022-0150","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Craniosynostosis may be a rare but severe complication of Fanconi-Bickel syndrome (FBS). Both conditions can be associated with feeding intolerance in young children. Prompt recognition and correction of increased intracranial pressure may lead to improved dietary tolerance in FBS patients and decrease morbidity.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We present the case of a child with genetically confirmed FBS, severe feeding intolerance and evidence of metabolic bone disease. At two years of age, a diagnosis of multi-sutural craniosynostosis with increased intracranial pressure was made. The patient underwent cranial vault expansion using distraction osteogenesis, after which his feeding intolerance completely resolved.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This case highlights the importance of monitoring for secondary craniosynostosis in patients with FBS and frequent emesis. Objective markers of bone health may help identify children at highest risk, though the actual mechanism of development is likely multifactorial. Increased awareness of this potential association should prompt more routine screening and improve outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":520684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM","volume":" ","pages":"1201-1205"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40577817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The response to growth hormone treatment in a child with short stature, growth hormone deficiency and autosomal dominant cutis laxa type 3 - case report.","authors":"Mirela E Iancu,&nbsp;Alice I Albu,&nbsp;Dragoș N Albu","doi":"10.1515/jpem-2022-0054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2022-0054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aetiology of short stature in cutis laxa (CL) syndromes is largely unknown. Herein, we report a case with autosomal dominant CL type 3 (ADCL3) with severe short stature and growth hormone (GH) deficiency.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A male patient with a genetically confirmed diagnosis of ADCL3 was referred for endocrinological evaluation of short stature at the age of 3.4 years. The examination revealed severe proportional short stature (-4.14 standard deviations (SD) score for height) in a patient born small for gestational age (birth weight 2080 g, -2.46 SD, birth length 41 cm, -4.22 SD). Assessment of GH reserve with two clonidine stimulation tests (0.15 mg/m²) with peak GH values of 8.07 ng/mL and 2.98 ng/mL, respectively, were indicative of GH deficiency. Also, the MRI examination revealed a small size pituitary. Thus, the treatment with somatropin was started. The height deficit significantly improved (from -4.14 SD to -1.48 SD) without side effects during the follow-up of 4.5 years.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>With this report, the GH deficiency as a possible cause of short stature in ADCL3 and the response to somatropin administration were reported for the first time in the literature.</p>","PeriodicalId":520684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM","volume":" ","pages":"1211-1214"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40411097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the growth and nutritional status of preschool children: a pilot study in the cold area of China.","authors":"Nan Wang,&nbsp;Yue Cao,&nbsp;Xin Chen,&nbsp;Mengyun Sun,&nbsp;Lingyu Ma,&nbsp;Xuezheng Dai,&nbsp;Yan Zhao","doi":"10.1515/jpem-2022-0042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2022-0042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The growth and development of children is influenced not only by heredity factors but also by environmental factors, including nutrition and temperature. The aim of this study was to evaluate the growth and nutritional status of preschool children in Daxing'anling, the coldest region of China.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A descriptive, cross-sectional survey was performed among preschool children aged 3-6 years by stratified cluster sampling in Daxing'anling. The children's parents completed the questionnaires. Height, body weight and head circumference were measured, and Z scores for weight for height, weight for age, height for age and head circumference for age were evaluated. Anthropometric data were compared with World Health Organization standards and China's growth references. The levels of vitamin A, E and 25-(OH)-D₃ in serum were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 305 children were recruited. The average height of the preschool children was lower than China's growth reference but higher than the WHO standard. More than half of the preschool children ranged from -1 SD to +1 SD. Both the values of weight for height and of weight for age were positive and higher than the WHO standards (p<0.01), with a significant difference between boys and girls (p<0.01). The incidences of stunting, wasting, and underweight were 4.59%, 2.95%, and 2.30%, respectively, although the prevalence of overweight and obesity was high (18.03% and 6.89%, respectively). The rates of vitamin A and D deficiency were 7.54% and 88.85%, respectively. Vitamin A was also positively associated with 25-(OH)-D₃.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The burden of malnutrition in preschool children exists in cold regions, and a cold climate may be an important factor. Therefore, we should pay attention to the nutrition and physical growth of local preschool children; in particular, vitamin D deficiency should be given high priority, and necessary nutritional interventions should be made.</p>","PeriodicalId":520684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM","volume":" ","pages":"1020-1027"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40551175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arterial hypertension is associated with an increased risk of metabolic complications in pediatric patient with obesity.","authors":"Anna Stępniewska,&nbsp;Małgorzata Wójcik,&nbsp;Jerzy B Starzyk","doi":"10.1515/jpem-2022-0205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2022-0205","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Coexistence of arterial hypertension (AH) in children with obesity increases morbidity and shortens life. Its role as an indicator of coexisting metabolic complications is however less known. The objective of the study was to compare metabolic profiles of children with obesity and with or without AH.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We included patients aged 10-18 with the BMI Z-score ≥2. Diagnosis of AH was based on the European Society of Hypertension criteria (2016). Metabolic profiles were assessed by glucose and insulin levels taken before and after glucose load, fasting levels of triglycerides (TG), total (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and HOMA-IR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 534 patients, 33.5% were diagnosed with AH. The AH patients, as compared to non-AH, had higher fasting insulin levels (22 vs. 19.7 mIU/L, p=0.04), HOMA-IR (4.5 vs. 4.0, p=0.029), and post-load glucose level (6.3 vs. 5.7, p=0.000041). No differences in the post-load insulin levels (113 vs. 100 mIU/L, p=0.056), fasting glucose (4.5 vs. 4.5 mmol/L, p=0.5), or lipids were found (TC: 4.4 vs. 4.4 mmol/L, p=0.9; LDL: 2.7 vs. 2.7, p=0.2; TG: 1.4 vs. 1.4 mmol/L, p=0.5; HDL: 1.1 vs. 1.2, p=0.3.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Concomitance of AH in children with obesity may be an indicator of coexisting metabolic complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":520684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM","volume":" ","pages":"1028-1032"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40551199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum spexin levels are not associated with size at birth but are associated with metabolic syndrome components in prepubertal children born at term.","authors":"Fatma Duygu Öztürk Önsal,&nbsp;Gizem Kara Elitok,&nbsp;Ali Bülbül,&nbsp;Ahmet Uçar","doi":"10.1515/jpem-2021-0721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2021-0721","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Babies born small for gestational age (SGA) are at risk of obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Spexin (SPX) is a novel peptide implicated in food intake and obesity. Spexin levels are lower in obese subjects. This study investigated the potential association of SPX and some obesity related peptides such as leptin and active ghrelin with size at birth and MetS components in prepubertal children born term and either SGA or appropriate for GA (AGA). Secondary aim was to identify whether any of the investigated peptides were associated with MetS components.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a cross-sectional study of 37 consecutive (median age: 5.6 y) SGA- and 50 (median age: 5.9 y) AGA-born children. Clinical evaluations were performed using standard methods. Several biochemical variables (SPX, total leptin, and active ghrelin levels) were analyzed. Age-dependent cut-off values were used to define MetS components, including excess adiposity, hypertension, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. The associations between the assessed clinical and laboratory variables and MetS components were investigated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Children born SGA had higher frequencies of MetS components than AGA-born peers (p < 0.01). None of the investigated peptides were different between children born SGA and AGA after correcting for body mass index (p > 0.05 for all). Serum SPX levels were lower in children with at least one metS component than those without MetS components (p = 0.018).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Size at birth had no association with serum SPX. Serum SPX levels are decreased in prepubertal children with MetS components.</p>","PeriodicalId":520684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM","volume":" ","pages":"649-655"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40328295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Moderating effect of bone maturation on the relationship between body fat and insulin resistance.","authors":"Luis Flores,&nbsp;Isabel Fragoso,&nbsp;Lidia G De León,&nbsp;Briseidy Ortiz-Rodríguez,&nbsp;Ramón Candia-Luján,&nbsp;Claudia Carrasco-Legleu","doi":"10.1515/jpem-2021-0663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2021-0663","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of the present study was to analyze the moderating effect of maturation on the relationship between body fat and insulin resistance, in children from 9 to 12 years.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Maturity offset, homeostasis model assessment index of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and body fat percentage (BF%) were estimated in 127 children. Skeletal maturation indicator (SMI) was estimated in 105 participants. A moderation analysis based on a linear regression and on Johnson-Neyman technique was performed using a 95% confidence level.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>BF%, insulin levels, and HOMA-IR values were lower in late maturers than on-time maturers (p<0.05). SMI moderated the relationship between BF% and HOMA-IR index in 11.1% of boys and in 32.5% of girls (p<0.05). Also, the highest values of HOMA-IR index were observed at -1 year to achieve the peak height velocity, in girls (p<0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Maturation process has a moderation effect on the relationship BF% and insulin resistance, particularly in early maturers; furthermore, it was independently associated with HOMA-IR.</p>","PeriodicalId":520684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM","volume":" ","pages":"577-583"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40319660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}