Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM最新文献

{"title":"Effects of vitamin D supplementation on glycemic control of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review.","authors":"Bárbara Folino Nascimento, Carolina F F Moreira, Eliana R da Fonseca, Pamela M K Fedeszen, Tatiana P de Paula, Ana Silvia S de Sena, Nathália F A de Almeida, Orlando C de S Bandeira Filho, Daniella R Curval, Patricia de C Padilha","doi":"10.1515/jpem-2022-0044","DOIUrl":"10.1515/jpem-2022-0044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate the effect of vitamin D supplementation on glycemic control in children and adolescents with T1DM.</p><p><strong>Content: </strong>A systematic search was conducted of the Medline/PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, BVS/Lilacs, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Cinahl, Food Science, and FSTA databases. Two reviewers independently extracted article data and assessed quality.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>A total of 1,613 eligible articles were retrieved, ten of which met the selection criteria: eight clinical trials, one retrospective cohort study, and one cross-sectional study. Regarding the cutoff points used to classify vitamin D status, most of the studies set deficiency at 25-hydroxyvitamin D <20 ng/mL, sufficiency at ≥30 ng/mL, and insufficiency as the interval between these values. Regarding intervention strategies, most used cholecalciferol for supplementation, but there was great variation in the dose and supplementation time. When evaluating the effect of vitamin D supplementation on HbA1c, a significant improvement in glycemic control was observed in 50% of the studies. However, only one of these studies was classified as being of positive methodological quality, with three having their quality classified as neutral and one as negative.</p><p><strong>Outlook: </strong>There is yet no consistent evidence on the effect of vitamin D supplementation on glycemic control as an adjuvant in the treatment of children and adolescents with T1DM.</p>","PeriodicalId":520684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM","volume":" ","pages":"973-988"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40627290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of two novel <i>ACAT1</i> variant associated with beta-ketothiolase deficiency in a 9-month-old boy.","authors":"Yujuan Wang,&nbsp;Qian Gao,&nbsp;Wei Wang,&nbsp;Xiaowei Xin,&nbsp;Yi Yin,&nbsp;Chun Zhao,&nbsp;Youpeng Jin","doi":"10.1515/jpem-2022-0158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2022-0158","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Mitochondrial acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase (beta-ketothiolase, T2) is necessary for the catabolism of ketone bodies andisoleucine. T2 deficiency is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder caused by variant in the ACAT1 gene. In this report, we describe two novel ACAT1 variant identified in a Chinese family.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>The 9-month-old male proband was admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit for altered consciousness. At the time of admission, the patient had acidosis, drowsiness, and respiratory failure. Both urine organic acid analyses and LC-MS/MS suggested T2 deficiency. Novel compound heterozygous variant (c.871G>C and c.1016_1017del) in the ACAT1 gene were detected in the proband by WES and verified through direct sequencing. Family analysis demonstrated that the first variant was transmitted from his father and the second variant was from his mother, indicating autosomal recessive inheritance. This report is the first to describe the association of these variant with T2 deficiency based on genetic testing. Although these variant were identified in the patient's elder sister and elder brother, they continue to be asymptomatic.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We identified two novel <i>ACAT1</i> variants associated with T2 deficiency. The identification expands the spectrum of known variant linked to the disorder.</p>","PeriodicalId":520684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM","volume":" ","pages":"1194-1200"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40605341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel non-stop variant of the <i>NR0B1</i> gene in two siblings with adrenal hypoplasia congenita.","authors":"Tomoko Ota,&nbsp;Noriyuki Katsumata,&nbsp;Yasuhiro Naiki,&nbsp;Reiko Horikawa","doi":"10.1515/jpem-2022-0120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2022-0120","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Mutations in the dosage-sensitive sex reversal-AHC critical region on the X chromosome, gene 1 (<i>DAX-1</i>, officially <i>NR0B1</i>), cause X-linked adrenal hypoplasia congenita (AHC) and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HHG). Salt-losing adrenal insufficiency usually occurs during the neonatal period or early childhood. We report a novel non-stop variant of <i>NR0B1</i> in two siblings and their unusual clinical course.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>The proband was a boy who presented with an unusual form of AHC with neonatal onset of growth failure and mild salt loss, but without cutaneous pigmentation or plasma ACTH elevation. His 4-year-old elder brother had been growing healthily, but carried an AHC diagnosis. A non-stop variant of <i>NR0B1</i> (p.*471K) was demonstrated in the patients and their mother.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We identified a novel non-stop variant of <i>NR0B1</i> in two siblings. Mild salt loss associated with hyperkalemia is a crucial diagnostic clue for AHC, even without apparent symptoms of glucocorticoid deficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":520684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM","volume":" ","pages":"1189-1193"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40515902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diabetic ketoacidosis masquerading behind alkalemia an undiagnosed or missed variant of diabetic ketoacidosis.","authors":"Vishnu Priyaa Rajasegaran,&nbsp;Preethi Tamilarasan,&nbsp;Thambiprabagarane Kalaimani","doi":"10.1515/jpem-2022-0115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2022-0115","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objectives Diabetic ketoacidosis is a common emergency in type 1 diabetes mellitus patients. But rarely, they may present with alkalemia instead of acidosis. Diabetic ketoalkalosis which has been reported in adults can also be present in children with type 1 DM. The usual factors causing alkalemia were not found in our patients. This entity may manifest in both newly diagnosed and treated patients. Case presentation The first patient, an 8 year male presented with features of DKA, was diagnosed for the first time as type 1 DM, but was found to have alkalemia. The second patient, a 7 year female was a known case of Type 1 DM on insulin, who presented with dehydration and alkalemia. Both were treated with hydration and insulin and made complete recovery. Conclusions A normal or alkalotic pH does not essentially eliminate DKA and needs to be evaluated further to identify the underlying acid–base disturbance.","PeriodicalId":520684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM","volume":" ","pages":"1316-1318"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40512145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three pediatric cases of symptomatic hyponatremia in Prader-Willi syndrome.","authors":"Yuji Oto,&nbsp;Nobuyuki Murakami,&nbsp;Ryo Nakagawa,&nbsp;Masatsune Itoh,&nbsp;Toshiro Nagai,&nbsp;Tomoyo Matsubara","doi":"10.1515/jpem-2022-0127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2022-0127","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>A recent large retrospective cohort study of cases of hyponatremia in Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS), conducted at nine reference centers, showed that severe hyponatremia was rare in PWS (0.5%); furthermore, all cases involved adults. Here, we describe three pediatric cases of severe hyponatremia in PWS, with neurological symptoms.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>The cases involved two girls and one boy, and only one patient showed uniparental disomy. All patients had hyponatremia during infancy and presented with clinical symptoms, such as convulsions. All three patients improved with intravenous fluids and fluid restriction, with no sequelae.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We report three pediatric cases of symptomatic hyponatremia of unknown cause in PWS. In patients with PWS, especially those with neurological symptoms such as convulsions, it is necessary to take hyponatremia into consideration.</p>","PeriodicalId":520684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM","volume":" ","pages":"1302-1305"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40498808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive assessment of cardiovascular disease risk in children with short stature due to isolated growth hormone deficiency: a case-control study.","authors":"Saniya Gupta,&nbsp;Devi Dayal,&nbsp;Manoj Kumar Rohit,&nbsp;Atit A Gawalkar,&nbsp;Kumar Manish Raj,&nbsp;Savita Verma Attri,&nbsp;Naresh Sachdeva,&nbsp;Harvinder Kaur","doi":"10.1515/jpem-2021-0693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2021-0693","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) in adults is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Although children with GHD are also believed to have a similar cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk beginning at an early age, the available data in children is scarce. We aimed to determine the various CVD risk parameters in children with isolated GHD (IGHD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional case-control study was conducted at a tertiary care centre in North India comparing various auxological, biochemical, and echocardiographic parameters between 20 IGHD children aged 5-15 years and their age and sex-matched healthy controls.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of children with IGHD and controls was similar (10.5 ± 2.6 yr vs. 9.9 ± 2.7 yr, p=0.48). Children with IGHD had significantly higher waist-hip-ratio (p=0.01), total cholesterol (p=0.02), non-high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (p=0.02), serum homocysteine (p<0.001), C-reactive protein (CRP) (p=0.01) and pro-brain natriuretic peptide (pro-BNP) (p=0.04) levels as compared to healthy controls. Left ventricular mass (LVM) and interventricular septal thickness were significantly lower (p=0.04; p=0.02) in IGHD children. Correlation analysis showed that pro-BNP and CRP levels had negative correlation (p<0.001, r=-0.70; and p=0.04, r=-0.44, respectively) and LVM had a positive correlation (p=0.02, r=0.53) with height SDS among IGHD children.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Children with IGHD showed abnormalities in several biochemical and cardiac parameters that may be associated with an increased CVD risk in later life. More extensive studies, including younger children with IGHD, are needed to determine the lower ages at which the CVD risk is detectable.</p>","PeriodicalId":520684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM","volume":" ","pages":"1059-1068"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40497787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the etiological and clinical characteristics of pediatric central diabetes insipidus.","authors":"Elnare Gasimova,&nbsp;Merih Berberoğlu,&nbsp;Elif Özsu,&nbsp;Zehra Aycan,&nbsp;Rukiye Uyanık,&nbsp;Esra Bilici,&nbsp;Ayşegül Ceran,&nbsp;Zeynep Şiklar","doi":"10.1515/jpem-2022-0058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2022-0058","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Central diabetes insipidus (CDI) is a rare but important disease of varying etiology that poses challenges in diagnosis and follow-up. Identifying diagnostic difficulties in patients with CDI will help ensure an optimal approach to their management and follow-up. This study aimed to characterize the clinical and etiological characteristics of CDI in pediatric patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed the admission and follow-up data of CDI patients aged 0-18 years who were followed in our center between 2010 and 2019.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 56 patients with a mean age at diagnosis of 7.92 ± 5.11 years and symptom duration of 8.65 ± 21.3 months. The patients were grouped by etiology into those with organic causes, such as structural anomalies, tumors, and trauma (group 1, n=41) and other causes (group 2, n=15). The prevalence of idiopathic CDI was 16%. At least one pituitary hormone deficiency was detected in 60.7%, the most common being thyroid stimulating hormone deficiency. Patients in group 1 had a higher mean age at diagnosis, shorter symptom duration, and higher frequency of other pituitary hormone deficiencies compared to group 2. Additionally, germinoma was detected 1 year subsequent to normal MRI findings at diagnosis and another patient was diagnosed with Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) 5 years after diagnosis. All patients responded well to replacement therapies, but two patients with germinoma died during follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In the pediatric age group, intracranial organic pathologies are an important etiology of CDI, and despite a short symptomatic period, determining the cause may be challenging and prolonged. Patients presenting at a young age with a long history of symptoms and no other pituitary hormone deficiency are unlikely to have organic CDI. However, organic causes such as LCH should be evaluated at all ages. Patients with idiopathic disease are candidates for further etiological studies, and repeated cranial imaging is important during follow-up.</p>","PeriodicalId":520684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM","volume":" ","pages":"1089-1096"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40610887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Severe loss of adipose tissue in a Vietnamese lipodystrophy patient caused by <i>LMNA</i> p.G465D mutation: a first clinical characterization and two-year follow-up.","authors":"Nhung Phuong Vu,&nbsp;Hai Thi Tran,&nbsp;Nga Bich Vu,&nbsp;Thuong Thi Huyen Ma,&nbsp;Ton Dang Nguyen,&nbsp;Hai Van Nong,&nbsp;Ha Hai Nguyen","doi":"10.1515/jpem-2022-0208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2022-0208","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Familial partial lipodystrophy type 2 is the most well-known subtype of lipodystrophy. We describe for the first time the phenotype of a case with lipodystrophy, who carried heterozygous mutation c.G1394A (p.G465D) in the <i>LMNA</i> gene.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 17-year-old girl was diagnosed with FPLD2 due to severe loss of subcutaneous fat in the extremities, buttocks and metabolic complications. However, there was no accumulation of fat over her face and neck, which is remarkably different from the FPLD2 clinical phenotypes. Two years of surveillance showed the challenge due to unable control of insulin resistance, glucose and lipid metabolism. Whole exome sequencing revealed the heterozygous mutation c.1394G>A at exon 11 of <i>LMNA</i> gene (p.G465D).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our case displayed an atypical phenotype of FPLD2 with metabolic anomalies, not cardiovascular diseases. The difficulties of medical management in this case pointed out the urgent need for more effective treatment for individuals suffering from this rare disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":520684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM","volume":" ","pages":"1206-1210"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40497785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between vitamin B12, folate, homocysteine levels, and carotid intima-media thickness in children with obesity: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Elif Söbü,&nbsp;Hanife Gülden Düzkalır,&nbsp;Bahar Özcabı,&nbsp;Gül Demet Kaya Özçora","doi":"10.1515/jpem-2022-0250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2022-0250","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We aimed to evaluate the association between vitamin B12, folate, homocysteine levels, and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) among children with obesity in whom vitamin deficiencies are more frequent.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Herein, 100 children with obesity (58 girls) were included (age, 5-18 years). Height, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), puberty stage, blood pressure, and biochemical values were collected from medical records; standard deviations (SDS) and percentiles were calculated. Obesity was defined as BMI SDS of >+2SDS. Vitamin B12 and folate levels of <300 pg/mL and <4.8 ng/mL, respectively, were considered deficient. A radiologist quantified measurements from the carotid artery.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean patient age was 12.52 ± 3.63 years. The mean weight SDS, BMI SDS, and WC/height were +3.37 ± 0.93, +2.93 ± 0.55, and 0.65 ± 0.05, respectively. In pubertal cases, insulin (p<0.001), the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p=0.001) and homocysteine (p=0.002) levels were higher; vitamin B12 (p<0.001) and folate (p<0.001) levels were lower than those in prepubertal ones. WC and HOMA-IR correlated with CIMT; however, homocysteine levels were not correlated with CIMT.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In our study, pubertal cases had lower vitamin B12 and folate levels as well as higher homocysteine levels. Although no correlation was identified between homocysteine levels and CIMT, this condition may be related to our study group comprising children, who had a shorter duration of obesity than those in adults. As CIMT was higher in children/adolescents with increased WC, it is proposed that they need central obesity more frequently and carefully follow-up.</p>","PeriodicalId":520684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM","volume":" ","pages":"1051-1058"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40497784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From pregnancy to breastfeeding: adequate maternal body mass index is essential to prevent a high body mass index in your children.","authors":"Caroline Brand,&nbsp;Camila Felin Fochesatto,&nbsp;Emilio Villa-González,&nbsp;João Francisco de Castro Silveira,&nbsp;Arieli Fernandes Dias,&nbsp;Fernanda Quevedo Alves,&nbsp;Anelise Reis Gaya,&nbsp;Jane Dagmar Pollo Renner,&nbsp;Cézane Priscila Reuter","doi":"10.1515/jpem-2022-0174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2022-0174","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To verify the associations between prenatal and perinatal factors with offspring body mass index (BMI) and the moderator role of maternal BMI in this relationship.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cross-sectional study developed with 1,562 children and adolescents aged between 6 and 17 years, as well as their mothers, from southern Brazil. The prenatal and perinatal factors, weight, and height for the calculation of maternal BMI were self-reported. For the calculation of BMI, weight and height of the child/adolescent were measured on an anthropometric scale with a coupled stadiometer. Linear regression models were used for the moderation analysis. All analyzes were adjusted for the mother's and child's age, sex, sexual maturation, skin color/race, and educational level.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>cesarean as type of delivery (β=0.66; 95% CI=0.22 1.04; p=0.002) and pregnancy complications (β=0.60; 95% CI=0.15 1.04; p=0.002) were positively associated with offspring BMI. Schoolchildren who were breastfed for 4-6 months showed -0.56 kg/m² of BMI (95% CI=-1.06-0.06; p=0.02). Birth weight was also associated with BMI, with low weight being inversely (β=-0.59; 95% CI=-1.03-0.15; p=0.008), while overweight was positively related (β=0.84; 95% CI=0.08 1.60; p=0.02). The moderation analysis indicated a positive interaction between the mother's BMI and cesarean, pregnancy complications, and smoking with the offspring's BMI. On the other hand, there was an inverse association between breastfeeding from 7 to 12 months and the offspring BMI, only in mothers with high BMI.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Adequate maternal BMI is essential to prevent a high BMI in their children, especially when considering the influence of prenatal and perinatal risk factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":520684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM","volume":" ","pages":"1033-1040"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40498809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}