Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM最新文献

{"title":"Clinical evidence, practical contradictions, and monitoring of rhGH-assisted height enhancement in children with CAH.","authors":"Ying Zhao, Jialin Mu, Hui Zou","doi":"10.1515/jpem-2026-0058","DOIUrl":"10.1515/jpem-2026-0058","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Due to the condition itself and long-term glucocorticoid medication, children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) frequently experience secondary impairment of adult height. Recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) has been tried to improve growth outcomes either by itself or in conjunction with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs; however, there is currently insufficient evidence to support its safety and effectiveness. Six clinical trials in this area are thoroughly reviewed in this article, which highlights the fact that the majority of the evidence currently available comes from small-sample, nonblinded designs. Although rhGH can improve projected or ultimate adult height in the near term, long-term metabolic and tumor concerns are still understood. The ambiguity of treatment indications, the significant financial burden, and the uncertainty surrounding long-term safety are the three main practical inconsistencies in the therapeutic application of rhGH that are examined in this paper. A monitoring index framework including growth and development, endocrine metabolism, and systemic safety is suggested based on this information as well as prior research and clinical experience. This article concludes by emphasizing the need for future large-scale prospective studies and patient registration systems to elucidate the risk-benefit ratio of rhGH in various CAH populations and to pay attention to the potential growth-improving effects of novel therapies represented by CRF1 receptor antagonists. The purpose of this article is to give doctors evidence-based, contradiction-aware, and safety-focused decision-making references for controlling the height of CAH children with rhGH.</p>","PeriodicalId":520684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM","volume":" ","pages":"415-424"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147826121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychosocial adaptation of parents of children with type 1 diabetes: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"İlayda Şenol Öztürk, Fatih Gürbüz, Ebru Uğraş","doi":"10.1515/jpem-2026-0061","DOIUrl":"10.1515/jpem-2026-0061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is a chronic condition that requires continuous management and places a substantial psychosocial burden on families, particularly on parents responsible for daily care. This study aimed to evaluate the psychosocial adaptation of parents of children with T1D and to investigate the relationship between parental psychosocial outcomes and sociodemographic as well as clinical factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted between April and June 2025 at the Pediatric Endocrinology Outpatient Clinic of Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Türkiye. A total of 328 parents of children aged 0-18 years with T1D were included. Data were collected using a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Parent Diabetes Distress Scale (PDDS), and the Diabetes Family Impact Scale (DFIS). Children's most recent HbA_1c levels were obtained from medical records. Statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 26.0.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher diabetes-related distress and greater family impact were observed among female parents, single parents, and those with lower education and income levels (p<0.05). A weak positive correlation was found between the duration of the child's T1D and perceived financial burden (r=0.21, p<0.05). No significant association was detected between HbA_1c levels and parental psychosocial adaptation. PDDS and DFIS total scores showed a moderate positive correlation (r=0.43, p<0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Parents of children with T1D experience significant psychosocial challenges influenced mainly by sociodemographic factors rather than glycemic control. Integrating psychosocial screening and family-centered support into pediatric diabetes care and primary health services may improve family well-being.</p>","PeriodicalId":520684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM","volume":" ","pages":"449-456"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147795243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical characteristics and risk factors of patients with cystic fibrosis-related diabetes and pre-diabetes: cohort of cystic fibrosis registry of Türkiye.","authors":"Mehmet Mustafa Özaslan, Gökçen Kartal Öztürk, Figen Gülen, Ezgi Demirdöğen, Nazan Çobanoğlu, Merve Nur Tekin, Ayşen Bingöl, Abdurrahman Erdem Başaran, Velat Şen, Edip Ünal, Sibel Doğru, Beste Özsezen, Mehmet Köse, Ali Ersoy, Mehmet Kılıç, Hasan Yüksel, Azer Kılıç Başkan, Ayşe Ayzıt Kılınç Sakallı, Erkan Çakır, Mina Hızal, Hülya Anıl, Tuğba Şişmanlar Eyüboğlu, Handan Kekeç, Ayşe Tana Aslan, Meltem Yıldız Kayaoğlu, Emine Altay Tanyer, Nagehan Emiralioğlu, Ebru Yalçın, Sevgi Pekcan, Suat Savaş, Bahar Ece Tokdemir, Derya Ufuk Altıntaş, Mahir Serbes, Ali Özdemir, Oğuz Karcıoğlu, Burak Kağan Elçi, Yakup Canıtez, Uğur Özçelik, Deniz Doğru Ersöz","doi":"10.1515/jpem-2025-0749","DOIUrl":"10.1515/jpem-2025-0749","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD) is the most common comorbidity in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of CFRD using data from the CF Registry of Türkiye (CFRT).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All patients with CF who underwent diabetes screening in 2022 or earlier were included in the study. The clinical and demographic characteristics of patients with CFRD, pre-diabetes (impaired glucose tolerance, impaired fasting glucose, indeterminate glucose tolerance), and those with normal screening results (NSR) were compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 1,702 patients registered in the data system in 2022, 916 patients from 21 centers who underwent diabetes screening were included in the study. CFRD was diagnosed in 102 patients (11.2 %), there were 56 patients (6.1 %) with pre-diabetes, and NSR were found in 757 patients (82.7 %). The youngest patient diagnosed with diabetes was 6 years old. In patients with CFRD, the median age of patients was found to be higher (p<0.001), body mass index (BMI) was found to be lower (p 0.017); chronic <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa)</i> colonization (p<0.001), severe mutations (60.8 %, p<0.001), and pancreatic insufficiency (56.1 %, p<0.001) were more frequent; median FEV1% and FVC% values were significantly lower (p<0.001 and p<0.002, respectively) compared to non-diabetic patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CFRD is associated with impaired pulmonary function, poor nutritional status, and increased chronic bacterial colonization of the airways. Advanced age, decreased respiratory function, severe genotype, and pancreatic insufficiency are risk factors for CFRD.</p>","PeriodicalId":520684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM","volume":" ","pages":"440-448"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147795281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Puberty promoting low dose testosterone treatment improved wellbeing and emotional state in boys with self-limited delayed puberty.","authors":"Martin Österbrand, Hans Fors, Ensio Norjavaara, John Eric Chaplin","doi":"10.1515/jpem-2025-0719","DOIUrl":"10.1515/jpem-2025-0719","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate changes in health-related quality of life in boys aged 14-16 years with delayed or slowly progressing puberty before and after low-dose testosterone treatment. Delayed puberty can cause short stature, emotional distress, and social challenges. Testosterone therapy promotes growth and masculinization, but its impact on quality of life remains poorly understood. Few studies have assessed psychosocial outcomes using validated instruments.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-seven boys enrolled in the Pubertal Replacement in Boys Study and were randomized to testosterone enanthate (75 mg/month for 6 months; n=12) (n=12) or testosterone undecanoate (n=12) (250 mg every 3 months; n=15). Standardized self-report questionnaires assessed generic quality of life (primary outcome), stature-specific quality of life, depressive symptoms, and enjoyment of physical activity. Assessments were conducted at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-six boys completed the study. Both regimens induced pubertal progression and a mean growth of 9.3 cm 12 months after start of replacement treatment. Significant improvements were observed in generic quality of life and depressive symptoms, with early gains sustained through 12 months. No changes were detected in stature-specific quality of life or enjoyment of physical activity. No statistical differences were found between treatment groups at 6 or 12 months. Exploratory analyses suggested that baseline testosterone serum levels were modestly associated with changes in social functioning, whereas later serum levels showed no such relationship.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Low-dose testosterone therapy improves generic quality of life and mood in boys with self-limited delayed puberty, likely reflecting successful pubertal progression. These findings highlight the importance of psychosocial outcomes as indicators of treatment success, beyond growth acceleration, and support structured follow-up to address the emotional needs of adolescents with delayed puberty.</p>","PeriodicalId":520684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM","volume":" ","pages":"425-431"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147795414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on \"Exploratory real-world experience with glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists vs. metformin in youth with new-onset type 2 diabetes: a single-center retrospective study\".","authors":"Shyam Sundar Sah, Abhishek Kumbhalwar","doi":"10.1515/jpem-2025-0664","DOIUrl":"10.1515/jpem-2025-0664","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM","volume":" ","pages":"523-524"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147795279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to comment on \"Exploratory real-world experience with GLP-1 receptor agonists vs. metformin in youth with new-onset type 2 diabetes: a single-center retrospective study\".","authors":"Troy Zeier, Lily C Chao","doi":"10.1515/jpem-2026-0184","DOIUrl":"10.1515/jpem-2026-0184","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM","volume":" ","pages":"525-526"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147795401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of male reproductive function after aromatase inhibitor treatment during adolescence: case series with literature review.","authors":"Chengjun Dai, Jingchao Ding, Junrong Zhang, Jianfang Zhu, Yanlan Fang, Chunlin Wang","doi":"10.1515/jpem-2026-0063","DOIUrl":"10.1515/jpem-2026-0063","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are widely used in clinical practice, including for the treatment of adolescents with short stature. However, their potential impact on the long-term reproductive function of male adolescents remains unclear. This exploratory study aimed to investigate this relationship.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We identified male patients with short stature who had completed AI therapy between 2015 and 2022 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine. A follow-up study was conducted in 2023 to assess semen parameters and retrospectively collect data on sex hormone levels and complications during the treatment period.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ten patients met the inclusion criteria and consented to participate. Of these, nine provided both semen and blood samples, while one provided only a blood sample. The median treatment duration was 1.93 years (range: 1.0-3.5 years), and the median age at treatment initiation was 12.7 years (range: 11-16 years). The median sperm concentration was 78.99 million/mL (range: 16.93-223.88 million/mL). The median acrosome integrity was 75.71 % (range: 30.9-93.4 %), and the median DNA fragmentation index (DFI) was 15.39 % (range: 8.62-25.72 %). Sex hormone levels for all patients were within normal ranges at follow-up, and the majority exhibited normal semen analysis results.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this case series study, the administration of aromatase inhibitors during adolescence was not associated with adverse effects on reproductive function parameters in early adulthood. These preliminary findings do not raise concerns regarding long-term reproductive safety. But larger, prospective studies are warranted for confirmation.</p>","PeriodicalId":520684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM","volume":" ","pages":"457-463"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147680164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Report on the 2nd Conference of the German Society for Paediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology and Diabetology (DGPAED) in Leipzig/Halle, Saale 2025.","authors":"Thomas Michael Kapellen, Alexandra Keller, Susann Weihrauch-Blueher","doi":"10.1515/jpem-2026-0183","DOIUrl":"10.1515/jpem-2026-0183","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM","volume":" ","pages":"529-531"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147680213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of androgens on retinal microvasculature in prepubertal girls with isolated premature pubarche.","authors":"Gamze Karataş, Derya Çepni Çakır, Aslı Kırmacı Kabakcı, Mehmet Egemen Karataş, Diğdem Bezen, Dilan Yıldız, Akın Çakır","doi":"10.1515/jpem-2025-0685","DOIUrl":"10.1515/jpem-2025-0685","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate the effect of androgens on retinal microvasculature in prepubertal girls with isolated premature pubarche (PP) with optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eighty-six prepubertal, non-obese girls with isolated PP with normal birth weight and 86 age-matched control girls were evaluated. Retinal microvascular structures in the macular and optic disc regions were examined using OCT and OCTA. Data from subjects with isolated PP were compared with data from healthy controls. Correlations between dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), androstenedione (AS), testosterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) levels, bone age, pubertal stage as well as OCT and OCTA parameters were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The inferior retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in the isolated PP group was significantly higher than the control group (p=0.007). A statistically significant increase in the vessel density (VD) was observed in temporal quadrant of the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and inferior quadrant of the deep capillary plexus (DCP) in the isolated PP group compared with the control group (p<0.05). There were significant positive correlations between DHEAS, AS, testosterone levels and RNFL, macula-disk regions's OCTA parameters (p<0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In the isolated PP patients, thickening of RNFL and increased VD in the macula and optic disc region were recognized under the effect of androgens compared to the control group. In these patients, early microvascular changes can be detected noninvasively by means of OCT and OCTA. These findings suggest a potential link between androgen exposure and retinal microvascular alterations; however, further studies are needed to explore their clinical implications.</p>","PeriodicalId":520684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM","volume":" ","pages":"432-439"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147680026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The clinical picture of symptomatic Rathke cleft cysts in children.","authors":"Ayse Nurcan Cebeci, Michaela Marx, Regina Trollmann, Michael Buchfelder, Helmuth G Dörr, Joachim Woelfle","doi":"10.1515/jpem-2026-0200","DOIUrl":"10.1515/jpem-2026-0200","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM","volume":" ","pages":"527"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147795359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}