Journal of investigative medicine : the official publication of the American Federation for Clinical Research最新文献

{"title":"Stem bark of <i>Fraxinus rhynchophylla</i> ameliorates the severity of pancreatic fibrosis by regulating the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway.","authors":"Ji-Won Choi,&nbsp;Joon Yeon Shin,&nbsp;Ziqi Zhou,&nbsp;Dong-Uk Kim,&nbsp;Bitna Kweon,&nbsp;Hyuncheol Oh,&nbsp;Youn-Chul Kim,&nbsp;Ho-Joon Song,&nbsp;Gi-Sang Bae,&nbsp;Sung-Joo Park","doi":"10.1136/jim-2021-002169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jim-2021-002169","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a pathological fibroinflammatory syndrome of the pancreas. Currently, there are no therapeutic agents available for treating CP-associated pancreatic fibrosis. <i>Fraxinus rhynchophylla</i> (FR) reportedly exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidative and antitumor activities. Although FR possesses numerous properties associated with the regulation of diverse diseases, the effects of FR on CP remain unknown. Herein, we examined the effects of FR on CP. For CP induction, mice were intraperitoneally administered cerulein (50 μg/kg) 6 times a day, 4 days per week for 3 weeks. FR extract (100 or 400 mg/kg) or saline (control group) was intraperitoneally injected 1 hour before the first cerulein injection. After 3 weeks, the pancreas was harvested for histological analysis. In addition, pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) were isolated to examine the antifibrogenic effects and regulatory mechanisms of FR. Administration of FR significantly inhibited histological damage in the pancreas, increased pancreatic acinar cell survival, decreased PSC activation and collagen deposition, and decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, FR treatment inhibited the expression of fibrotic mediators, such as α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen, fibronectin 1, and decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines in isolated PSCs stimulated with transforming growth factor (TGF)-β. Furthermore, FR treatment suppressed the phosphorylation of Smad 2/3 but not of Smad 1/5 in TGF-β-stimulated PSCs. Collectively, these results suggest that FR ameliorates pancreatic fibrosis by inhibiting PSC activation during CP.</p>","PeriodicalId":520677,"journal":{"name":"Journal of investigative medicine : the official publication of the American Federation for Clinical Research","volume":" ","pages":"1285-1292"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39963562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New agents for sickle cell disease: patient perceptions of benefit in the real world.","authors":"Robert T Means","doi":"10.1136/jim-2022-002464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jim-2022-002464","url":null,"abstract":"© American Federation for Medical Research 2022. No commercial reuse. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. Sickle cell disease (SCD) is one of the most important monogeneic diseases in the world, causing significant morbidity and mortality and consuming substantial healthcare resources. SCD results from a single amino acid substitution in the β-globin chain, leading to sickle hemoglobin (HbS). In oxygenlimited settings, HbS forms polymers that lead to the characteristic sickleshaped erythrocytes and also to changes in the erythrocyte membrane. The pathological features of SCD result from a combination of vasoocclusive events precipitated both by abnormal erythrocyte morphology and the increased expression of adhesion molecules on its outer membrane; accelerated hemolysis that can deplete nitric oxide and that leads to anemia; and a high level of endogenous inflammatory activation associated with repeated ischemia/reperfusion cycles, themselves precipitated by vasoocclusion. Hydroxyurea, the firstline and indeed only approved therapy for SCD for some 20 years, was approved in 1998. Hydroxyurea upregulates δ-globin production, increasing intracellular levels of hemoglobin F which in turn decreases polymerization of HbS. Hydroxyurea therapy decreases the frequency of painful vasoocclusive crises, blood transfusions, and hospital admissions. However, there are factors that result in underutilization of hydroxyurea in SCD. Although frequently prescribed, there is a high incidence of discontinuation due to side effects (24.6% in one recent report) but also due to patient perception of ineffectiveness (16.4%). In the last few years, three new agents have been approved for the treatment of SCD, each of which addresses a different element of SCD pathophysiology: Lglutamine, which reduces oxidative stress in SCD by increasing erythrocyte nicotinamide adenine levels; crizanlizumab, a competitive inhibitor of Pselectin that decreases sickle erythrocyte adhesion during vasooclusive crises; and voxelotor, which increases hemoglobin oxygen affinity and prevents HbS polymerization. 8 In a paper in this issue of JIM, Idowu and colleagues discuss patient perception of the treatment benefit for 23 consecutive patients with SCD (21 homozygous SCD (HbSS), 2 sickle-β thalassemia) received from voxelotor. All had significant ongoing hemolysis resulting in anemia and had evidence of organ dysfunction. They were evaluated using two separate scales that assessed the global impression of change in patient status from the perspective of the clinician and of the patient, respectively. Most patients reported a perception of substantial clinical improvement. Interestingly, this did not correlate entirely with the changes in hemoglobin concentration, since some patients reported improvement with stable or even worsened anemia, although most patients had evidence of improved hemoglobin concentrations and decreased hemolysis. This study did not include patients who were ","PeriodicalId":520677,"journal":{"name":"Journal of investigative medicine : the official publication of the American Federation for Clinical Research","volume":" ","pages":"1210-1211"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40194656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of mammographic density and benign breast calcifications individually or combined with hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia in women ≥40 years of age: a retrospective study.","authors":"Maha Al-Mohaissen,&nbsp;Arwa Alkhedeiri,&nbsp;Ohoud Al-Madani,&nbsp;Terry Lee,&nbsp;Anas Hamdoun,&nbsp;Mohammad Al-Harbi","doi":"10.1136/jim-2021-002296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jim-2021-002296","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent evidence has linked certain mammographic characteristics, including breast calcifications (Bcs) and mammographic density (MD), with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk factors in women, but data are limited and inconsistent. We aimed to evaluate the association of MD and/or Bcs with hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia in women ≥40 years of age. Through hospital electronic records, we retrospectively identified mammograms of non-pregnant women aged ≥40 years and without breast cancer and retrieved reports and relevant data. MD and Bcs were recorded; risk factor status was diagnosed based on treatment profile and clinical and laboratory data. In total, 1406 women were included. MD was inversely related to hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, triglyceride levels, age, and body mass index (BMI) (p value for trend <0.001). Bcs were positively associated with hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, age, BMI, and elevated creatinine (p<0.05). Controlling for age and BMI, MD category A (MD-A) was independently associated with hypercholesterolemia; Bcs were independently associated with diabetes. Combining MD-A with Bcs did not increase the odds significantly. Analysis for additive interactions revealed a significant interaction between MD-A and BMI, increasing the odds of hypertension, and a trend for increased odds of diabetes by adding MD-A and/or Bcs to BMI. Decreased MD and presence of Bcs are associated with hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia in women ≥40 years of age. MD-A may represent a new obesity index independently associated with hypercholesterolemia and additive to hypertension risk. Bcs are independently associated with diabetes. Combining MD and Bcs did not improve the odds significantly, which may reflect mechanistic differences.</p>","PeriodicalId":520677,"journal":{"name":"Journal of investigative medicine : the official publication of the American Federation for Clinical Research","volume":" ","pages":"1308-1315"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/63/08/jim-2021-002296.PMC9240332.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39639246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patient perception of voxelotor treatment benefit in sickle cell disease.","authors":"Modupe Idowu,&nbsp;Anam Haque,&nbsp;Elisa M Williams,&nbsp;Arthi Sridhar","doi":"10.1136/jim-2021-002215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jim-2021-002215","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) experience a range of clinical symptoms, including acute and chronic pain, fatigue, and respiratory problems, as well as chronic organ complications that can lead to disability and accelerated mortality. Voxelotor is a first-in-class therapy that targets sickle hemoglobin polymerization, the root cause of SCD. It is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for treatment of SCD in patients aged 4 years and older and in the European Union and United Arab Emirates for the treatment of SCD in patients aged 12 years and older. Here, we report the single-center experience of both clinician-determined and patient-reported benefits of voxelotor in 27 consecutive patients treated for at least 8 weeks. Clinical Global Impression of Change and Patient Global Impression of Change rating scales were used to capture clinicians' and patients' perceptions of change in overall patient health-related quality-of-life with voxelotor treatment. Laboratory data were also collected to assess clinical response to treatment. As observed in previous clinical studies, hemoglobin concentrations and markers of hemolysis were improved in patients treated with voxelotor. Most patients reported marked improvement in disease symptoms, which correlated well with the clinicians' assessments. Although limited by the retrospective open-label study design, these findings suggest that voxelotor use has a positive impact on outcomes in patients with SCD.</p>","PeriodicalId":520677,"journal":{"name":"Journal of investigative medicine : the official publication of the American Federation for Clinical Research","volume":" ","pages":"1316-1319"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/73/3b/jim-2021-002215.PMC9240335.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40195114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interleukin-10 attenuates renal injury after myocardial infarction in diabetes.","authors":"Xiaoming Fan, Xiaolu Zhang, Lijun C Liu, Annes Y Kim, Sean P Curley, Xiaohuan Chen, Lance D Dworkin, Christopher J Cooper, Rajesh Gupta","doi":"10.1136/jim-2021-002008","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jim-2021-002008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication after myocardial infarction (MI) and associated with significant morbidity and mortality. AKI after MI occurs more frequently in patients with diabetes, however, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood, and specific treatments are lacking. Using the murine MI model, we show that diabetic mice had higher expression of the kidney injury marker, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), 3 days after MI compared with control mice. This higher expression of NGAL was still significant after controlling for differences in myocardial infarct size between diabetic and control mice. Prior data demonstrate increased cell-free hemoglobin after MI in diabetic mice. Therefore, we investigated heme clearance components, including heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and CD163, in the kidneys and found that both HO-1 and CD163 were dysregulated in diabetic mice pre-MI and post-MI. Significantly higher levels of urine iron were also observed in diabetic mice compared with control mice after MI. Next, the renal protective effect of interleukin 10 (IL-10) after MI was tested in diabetic MI. IL-10 treatment demonstrated multiple protective effects after diabetic MI including reduction in acute renal inflammation, upregulation of renal heme clearance pathways, attenuation of chronic renal fibrosis, and reduction in albuminuria after diabetic MI. In vitro, IL-10 potentiated hemoglobin-induced HO-1 expression in mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages and renal proximal tubule (HK-2) cells. Furthermore, IL-10 reduced hemoglobin-induced reactive oxygen species in HK-2 cells and collagen synthesis in mouse embryonic fibroblast cells. We conclude that impaired renal heme clearance pathways in diabetes contribute to AKI after MI, and IL-10 attenuates renal injury after diabetic MI.</p>","PeriodicalId":520677,"journal":{"name":"Journal of investigative medicine : the official publication of the American Federation for Clinical Research","volume":" ","pages":"1233-1242"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12126991/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39766397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and safety of endovascular therapy versus surgical clipping for patients with unruptured middle cerebral artery bifurcation aneurysms.","authors":"Junjie Luo,&nbsp;Chengmou Wang,&nbsp;Yongjian Dai,&nbsp;Xin Chen,&nbsp;Xuecheng Tian,&nbsp;Yi Lin,&nbsp;Xinguo Qu","doi":"10.1136/jim-2021-002230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jim-2021-002230","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of endovascular therapy versus neurosurgical clipping carried out for patients with unruptured middle cerebral artery bifurcation aneurysms (MCABAs). Patients diagnosed with MCABAs were enrolled in this prospective study according to the inclusion and exclusion standard. Enrolled patients were divided into a study group (endovascular therapy) and a control group (neurosurgical clipping), with 65 cases in each group. In terms of efficacy, we found that the proportion of Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) grade 1 after treatment in the study group was significantly higher than in the control group (p<0.001), while the proportion of GOS grades 2, 3, and 4 after treatment was significantly lower in the study group than in the control group (p<0.05). The postoperative brain injury indicators neuron-specific enolase and S100β in the study group were significantly lower than in the control group (p<0.001), and the postoperative life activity score of patients in the study group was significantly higher than in the control group (p<0.001). In terms of safety, the postoperative hospital stay of patients in the study group was significantly shorter than in the control group (p<0.001), and the incidence rate of postoperative pulmonary and intracranial infections in the study group was significantly lower than in the control group (p<0.05). Endovascular therapy for patients with unruptured MCABAs may be effective in improving outcomes and has better safety profile compared with neurosurgical clipping, but may increase the risk of postoperative recurrence.</p>","PeriodicalId":520677,"journal":{"name":"Journal of investigative medicine : the official publication of the American Federation for Clinical Research","volume":" ","pages":"1273-1279"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40331327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Roles of LINC01473 and CD74 in osteoblasts in multiple myeloma bone disease.","authors":"Fengping Peng,&nbsp;Siyang Yan,&nbsp;Hui Liu,&nbsp;Zhaoyun Liu,&nbsp;Fengjuan Jiang,&nbsp;Panpan Cao,&nbsp;Rong Fu","doi":"10.1136/jim-2021-002192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jim-2021-002192","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The suppression of osteoblast (OB) activity is partially responsible for multiple myeloma (MM) bone disease. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a vital role in bone formation and resorption. However, their functions in OBs from patients with MM have rarely been reported. Through high-throughput sequencing of OBs from patients with MM and healthy controls, we identified several lncRNAs and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) with different expression profile and validated them using quantitative real-time PCR. In total, 22 upregulated and 21 downregulated lncRNAs were found in OBs from patients with MM. Moreover, 18 upregulated protein-coding mRNAs were identified. The expression levels of LINC01473 and its associated co-expression mRNA, CD74, were higher in patients with MM than in healthy controls (p=0.047 and p=0.016, respectively). LINC01473 expression demonstrated a negative correlation with serum interleukin-2 and tumor necrosis factor α levels, whereas the expression of mRNA CD74 was positively associated with serum lactic dehydrogenase in patients with MM. Aberrant expression of lncRNAs and mRNAs was observed in OBs from patients with MM. This study identifies new promising targets for further research on imbalanced bone formation and resorption and MM immune escape.</p>","PeriodicalId":520677,"journal":{"name":"Journal of investigative medicine : the official publication of the American Federation for Clinical Research","volume":" ","pages":"1301-1307"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ad/10/jim-2021-002192.PMC9240337.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39769799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and safety of intranasal dexmedetomidine versus oral chloral hydrate as sedatives for pediatric patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Jun Wang, Yong Li, Shuna Xiao, Buyun Shi, Zhi Xia, Chengjiao Huang, Hui Xu, Na Li, Wen Tang","doi":"10.1136/jim-2021-002038","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jim-2021-002038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study was designed to review published literature to determine the efficacy and safety of intranasal dexmedetomidine versus oral chloral hydrate (CH) for sedation in pediatric patients based on qualified studies. We searched the PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase databases for qualified studies published before March 2021. For each study, we analyzed the relative risk or weighted mean difference combined with a 95% CI. Fourteen studies including 3749 pediatric patients were included in this meta-analysis. Compared with oral CH, intranasal dexmedetomidine significantly increased the success rate of sedation and decreased the duration and latency of sedation, time of recovery from sedation, and total sedation time. Compared with oral CH, intranasal dexmedetomidine significantly decreased the incidence of adverse events, including vomiting, but increased the incidence of bradycardia. In conclusion, intranasal dexmedetomidine provides better sedation than oral CH for pediatric patients with good safety; however, the incidence of bradycardia is increased.</p>","PeriodicalId":520677,"journal":{"name":"Journal of investigative medicine : the official publication of the American Federation for Clinical Research","volume":" ","pages":"1219-1224"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39946100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reflections on my presidency of American Federation of Medical Research (AFMR).","authors":"Samrat U Das","doi":"10.1136/jim-2022-002503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jim-2022-002503","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520677,"journal":{"name":"Journal of investigative medicine : the official publication of the American Federation for Clinical Research","volume":" ","pages":"1209"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40194657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cancer immunotherapy in adult patients with HIV.","authors":"Suha Abu Khalaf,&nbsp;Dima Dandachi,&nbsp;Bruno P Granwehr,&nbsp;Maria C Rodriguez-Barradas","doi":"10.1136/jim-2021-002205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jim-2021-002205","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The availability of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has increased the life expectancy of people with HIV (PWH) and reduced the incidence of AIDS-associated malignancies, yet PWH have a significantly increased incidence of malignancy and less favorable outcomes of cancer treatment compared with the general population.Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer therapy, becoming the standard of care for various malignancy treatments. However, PWH are an underserved population with limited access to clinical trials and cancer treatment.This review of the available evidence on different classes of cancer immunotherapy in PWH is mostly based on case reports, case series, but few prospective studies and clinical trials due to the exclusion of PWH from most oncologic clinical trials. The results of the available evidence support the safety of immunotherapy in PWH. Immunotherapy has similar effectiveness in PWH, an acceptable toxicity profile, and has no clinically significant impact on HIV viral load and CD4-T cell count. In addition, there is no reported change in the incidence of opportunistic infections and other complications for PWH with well-controlled viremia.This review aims to briefly summarize the current state of immunotherapy in cancer, guide clinicians in the management of immunotherapy in cancer PWH, and encourage the inclusion of PWH in clinical trials of cancer immunotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":520677,"journal":{"name":"Journal of investigative medicine : the official publication of the American Federation for Clinical Research","volume":" ","pages":"883-891"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39865509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}