Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism最新文献

{"title":"Longitudinal cortex-wide monitoring of cerebral hemodynamics and oxygen metabolism in awake mice using multi-parametric photoacoustic microscopy.","authors":"Vincent M Sciortino,&nbsp;Angela Tran,&nbsp;Naidi Sun,&nbsp;Rui Cao,&nbsp;Tao Sun,&nbsp;Yu-Yo Sun,&nbsp;Ping Yan,&nbsp;Fenghe Zhong,&nbsp;Yifeng Zhou,&nbsp;Chia-Yi Kuan,&nbsp;Jin-Moo Lee,&nbsp;Song Hu","doi":"10.1177/0271678X211034096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0271678X211034096","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multi-parametric photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) has emerged as a promising new technique for high-resolution quantification of hemodynamics and oxygen metabolism in the mouse brain. In this work, we have extended the scope of multi-parametric PAM to longitudinal, cortex-wide, awake-brain imaging with the use of a long-lifetime (24 weeks), wide-field (5 × 7 mm²), light-weight (2 g), dual-transparency (<i>i.e.,</i> light and ultrasound) cranial window. Cerebrovascular responses to the window installation were examined <i>in vivo</i>, showing a complete recovery in 18 days. In the 22-week monitoring after the recovery, no dura thickening, skull regrowth, or changes in cerebrovascular structure and function were observed. The promise of this technique was demonstrated by monitoring vascular and metabolic responses of the awake mouse brain to ischemic stroke throughout the acute, subacute, and chronic stages. Side-by-side comparison of the responses in the ipsilateral (injury) and contralateral (control) cortices shows that despite an early recovery of cerebral blood flow and an increase in microvessel density, a long-lasting deficit in cerebral oxygen metabolism was observed throughout the chronic stage in the injured cortex, part of which proceeded to infarction. This longitudinal, functional-metabolic imaging technique opens new opportunities to study the chronic progression and therapeutic responses of neurovascular diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":520660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"3187-3199"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0271678X211034096","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39218117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inflammation-relevant microbiome signature of the stroke brain, gut, spleen, and thymus and the impact of exercise.","authors":"Chase Kingsbury,&nbsp;Alex Shear,&nbsp;Matt Heyck,&nbsp;Nadia Sadanandan,&nbsp;Henry Zhang,&nbsp;Bella Gonzales-Portillo,&nbsp;Blaise Cozene,&nbsp;Michael Sheyner,&nbsp;Lisset Navarro-Torres,&nbsp;Julián García-Sánchez,&nbsp;Jea-Young Lee,&nbsp;Cesario V Borlongan","doi":"10.1177/0271678X211039598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0271678X211039598","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stroke remains a significant unmet need in the clinic with few therapeutic options. We, and others, have implicated the role of inflammatory microbiota in stroke secondary cell death. Elucidating this inflammation microbiome as a biomarker may improve stroke diagnosis and treatment. Here, adult Sprague-Dawley rats performed 30 minutes of exercise on a motorized treadmill for 3 consecutive days prior to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Stroke animals that underwent exercise showed 1) robust behavioral improvements, 2) significantly smaller infarct sizes and increased peri-infarct cell survival and 3) decreasing trends of inflammatory microbiota BAC303, EREC482, and LAB158 coupled with significantly reduced levels of inflammatory markers ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and mouse monoclonal MHC Class II RT1B in the brain, gut, spleen, and thymus compared to non-exercised stroke rats. These results suggest that a specific set of inflammatory microbiota exists in central and peripheral organs and can serve as a disease biomarker and a therapeutic target for stroke.</p>","PeriodicalId":520660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"3200-3212"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8669279/pdf/10.1177_0271678X211039598.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39338676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of single bolus, dual-echo dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI protocols in brain tumor patients.","authors":"Ashley M Stokes,&nbsp;Maurizio Bergamino,&nbsp;Lea Alhilali,&nbsp;Leland S Hu,&nbsp;John P Karis,&nbsp;Leslie C Baxter,&nbsp;Laura C Bell,&nbsp;C Chad Quarles","doi":"10.1177/0271678X211039597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0271678X211039597","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) obtained from dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) MRI is adversely impacted by contrast agent leakage in brain tumors. Using simulations, we previously demonstrated that multi-echo DSC-MRI protocols provide improvements in contrast agent dosing, pulse sequence flexibility, and rCBV accuracy. The purpose of this study is to assess the <i>in-vivo</i> performance of dual-echo acquisitions in patients with brain tumors (n = 59). To verify pulse sequence flexibility, four single-dose dual-echo acquisitions were tested with variations in contrast agent dose, flip angle, and repetition time, and the resulting dual-echo rCBV was compared to standard single-echo rCBV obtained with preload (double-dose). Dual-echo rCBV was comparable to standard double-dose single-echo protocols (mean (standard deviation) tumor rCBV 2.17 (1.28) vs. 2.06 (1.20), respectively). High rCBV similarity was observed (CCC = 0.96), which was maintained across both flip angle (CCC = 0.98) and repetition time (CCC = 0.96) permutations, demonstrating that dual-echo acquisitions provide flexibility in acquisition parameters. Furthermore, a single dual-echo acquisition was shown to enable quantification of both perfusion and permeability metrics. In conclusion, single-dose dual-echo acquisitions provide similar rCBV to standard double-dose single-echo acquisitions, suggesting contrast agent dose can be reduced while providing significant pulse sequence flexibility and complementary tumor perfusion and permeability metrics.</p>","PeriodicalId":520660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"3378-3390"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8669280/pdf/10.1177_0271678X211039597.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39328906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MRI investigation of vascular remodeling for heterogeneous edema lesions in subacute ischemic stroke rat models: Correspondence between cerebral vessel structure and function.","authors":"MungSoo Kang,&nbsp;Seokha Jin,&nbsp;HyungJoon Cho","doi":"10.1177/0271678X211029197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0271678X211029197","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The spatial heterogeneity in the temporal occurrence of pseudo-normalization of MR apparent diffusion coefficient values for ischemic lesions may be related to morphological and functional vascular remodeling. As the area of accelerated pseudo-normalization tends to expand faster and more extensively into the chronic stage, detailed vascular characterization of such areas is necessary. During the subacute stage of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion rat models, the morphological size of the macrovasculature, microvascular vessel size index (VSI), and microvessel density (MVD) were quantified along with functional perfusion measurements of the relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and mean transit time (rMTT) of the corresponding areas (33 cases for each parameter). When compared with typical pseudo-normalization lesions, early pseudo-normalization lesions exhibited larger VSI and rCBF (p < 0.001) at reperfusion days 4 and 7, along with reduced MVD and elongated rMTT (p < 0.001) at reperfusion days 1, 4, and 7. The group median VSI and rCBF exhibited a strong positive correlation (r = 0.92), and the corresponding MVD and rMTT showed a negative correlation (r = -0.48). Light sheet fluorescence microscopy images were used to quantitatively validate the corresponding MRI-derived microvascular size, density, and cerebral blood volume.</p>","PeriodicalId":520660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"3273-3287"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0271678X211029197","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39161098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Persistent CO₂ reactivity deficits are associated with neurological dysfunction up to one year after repetitive mild closed head injury in adolescent mice.","authors":"Limin Wu,&nbsp;Suk-Tak Chan,&nbsp;William J Edmiston,&nbsp;Gina Jin,&nbsp;Emily S Levy,&nbsp;Kenneth K Kwong,&nbsp;Rebekah Mannix,&nbsp;William P Meehan,&nbsp;Fortunate F Chifamba,&nbsp;Jonathan O Lipton,&nbsp;Michael J Whalen,&nbsp;Yin-Ching I Chen","doi":"10.1177/0271678X211021771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0271678X211021771","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) deficits in adolescents with concussion may persist after resolution of neurological symptoms. Whether or not CVR deficits predict long term neurological function is unknown. We used adolescent mice closed head injury (CHI) models (54 g, 107 cm or 117 cm drop height), followed by blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD)-functional MRI with CO₂ challenge to assess CVR and brain connectivity. At one week, 3HD 107 cm mice showed delayed BOLD responses (p = 0.0074), normal striatal connectivity_, and an impaired respiratory rate response to CO₂ challenge (p = 0.0061 in ΔRmax). The 107 cm group developed rotarod deficits at 6 months (p = 0.02) and altered post-CO₂ brain connectivity (3-fold increase in striatum to motor cortex correlation coefficient) by one year, but resolved their CVR and respiratory rate impairments, and did not develop cognitive or circadian activity deficits. In contrast, the 117 cm group had persistent CVR (delay time: p = 0.016; washout time: p = 0.039) and circadian activity deficits (free-running period: 23.7 hr in sham vs 23.9 hr in 3HD; amplitude: 0.15 in sham vs 0.2 in 3HD; peak activity: 18 in sham vs 21 in 3HD) at one year. Persistent CVR deficits after concussion may portend long-term neurological dysfunction. Further studies are warranted to determine the utility of CVR to predict chronic neurological outcome after mild traumatic brain injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":520660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"3260-3272"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0271678X211021771","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39155483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease with cerebral small vessel disease.","authors":"Woo-Jin Lee,&nbsp;Keun-Hwa Jung,&nbsp;Hyunjin Ryu,&nbsp;Kook-Hwan Oh,&nbsp;Jeong-Min Kim,&nbsp;Soon-Tae Lee,&nbsp;Kyung-Il Park,&nbsp;Kon Chu,&nbsp;Ki-Young Jung,&nbsp;Manho Kim,&nbsp;Sang Kun Lee","doi":"10.1177/0271678X211037869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0271678X211037869","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cilia dysfunction in autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) may impair the integrity of glymphatic system and be implicated in the progression of cerebral small vessel disease (SVD), although the link between the two diseases has not been investigated. We evaluated the association of ADPKD pathology with SVD pattern and severity. Overall, 304 individuals in an ADPKD (chronic kidney disease stage ≤4 and age ≥50 years) cohort and their age, sex, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)-matched controls were retrospectively included. ADPKD severity was classified into 1 A-B, 1 C, and 1 D-E, according to age and height-adjusted total kidney volume. SVD parameters included white-matter hyperintensity (WMH) severity scale, enlarged perivascular space (ePVS) score, and degree of lacunes or cerebral microbleeds (CMBs). After adjustments for age, sex, eGFR, and cerebrovascular risk factor parameters, ADPKD was associated with higher ePVS scores (<i>P</i> < 0.001), but not with the WMH severity or degree of lacunes or CMBs. In the ADPKD subgroup, higher ADPKD severity class was associated with higher ePVS scores (<i>P</i> < 0.001), WMH severity (<i>P</i> = 0.003), and degree of lacunes (<i>P</i> = 0.002). ADPKD associated cilia dysfunction may induce chronic cerebral glymphatic system dysfunction, which may contribute to the specific progression of ePVS compared with other SVD markers.</p>","PeriodicalId":520660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"3365-3377"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8669289/pdf/10.1177_0271678X211037869.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39328907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perfusion and permeability as diagnostic biomarkers of cavernous angioma with symptomatic hemorrhage.","authors":"Je Yeong Sone,&nbsp;Yan Li,&nbsp;Nicholas Hobson,&nbsp;Sharbel G Romanos,&nbsp;Abhinav Srinath,&nbsp;Seán B Lyne,&nbsp;Abdallah Shkoukani,&nbsp;Julián Carrión-Penagos,&nbsp;Agnieszka Stadnik,&nbsp;Kristina Piedad,&nbsp;Rhonda Lightle,&nbsp;Thomas Moore,&nbsp;Ying Li,&nbsp;Dehua Bi,&nbsp;Robert Shenkar,&nbsp;Timothy Carroll,&nbsp;Yuan Ji,&nbsp;Romuald Girard,&nbsp;Issam A Awad","doi":"10.1177/0271678X211020587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0271678X211020587","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cavernous angiomas with symptomatic hemorrhage (CASH) have a high risk of rebleeding, and hence an accurate diagnosis is needed. With blood flow and vascular leak as established mechanisms, we analyzed perfusion and permeability derivations of dynamic contrast-enhanced quantitative perfusion (DCEQP) MRI in 745 lesions of 205 consecutive patients. Thirteen respective derivations of lesional perfusion and permeability were compared between lesions that bled within a year prior to imaging (N = 86), versus non-CASH (N = 659) using machine learning and univariate analyses. Based on logistic regression and minimizing the Bayesian information criterion (BIC), the best diagnostic biomarker of CASH within the prior year included brainstem lesion location, sporadic genotype, perfusion skewness, and high-perfusion cluster area (BIC = 414.9, sensitivity = 74%, specificity = 87%). Adding a diagnostic plasma protein biomarker enhanced sensitivity to 100% and specificity to 85%. A slightly modified derivation achieved similar accuracy (BIC = 321.6, sensitivity = 80%, specificity = 82%) in the cohort where CASH occurred 3-12 months prior to imaging after signs of hemorrhage would have disappeared on conventional MRI sequences. Adding the same plasma biomarker enhanced sensitivity to 100% and specificity to 87%. Lesional blood flow on DCEQP may distinguish CASH after hemorrhagic signs on conventional MRI have disappeared and are enhanced in combination with a plasma biomarker.</p>","PeriodicalId":520660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"2944-2956"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0271678X211020587","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39035036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Binding characteristics of [¹⁸F]PI-2620 distinguish the clinically predicted tau isoform in different tauopathies by PET.","authors":"Mengmeng Song,&nbsp;Leonie Beyer,&nbsp;Lena Kaiser,&nbsp;Henryk Barthel,&nbsp;Thilo van Eimeren,&nbsp;Ken Marek,&nbsp;Alexander Nitschmann,&nbsp;Maximilian Scheifele,&nbsp;Carla Palleis,&nbsp;Gesine Respondek,&nbsp;Maike Kern,&nbsp;Gloria Biechele,&nbsp;Jochen Hammes,&nbsp;Gèrard Bischof,&nbsp;Michael Barbe,&nbsp;Özgür Onur,&nbsp;Frank Jessen,&nbsp;Dorothee Saur,&nbsp;Matthias L Schroeter,&nbsp;Jost-Julian Rumpf,&nbsp;Michael Rullmann,&nbsp;Andreas Schildan,&nbsp;Marianne Patt,&nbsp;Bernd Neumaier,&nbsp;Olivier Barret,&nbsp;Jennifer Madonia,&nbsp;David S Russell,&nbsp;Andrew W Stephens,&nbsp;Andre Mueller,&nbsp;Sigrun Roeber,&nbsp;Jochen Herms,&nbsp;Kai Bötzel,&nbsp;Adrian Danek,&nbsp;Johannes Levin,&nbsp;Joseph Classen,&nbsp;Günter U Höglinger,&nbsp;Peter Bartenstein,&nbsp;Victor Villemagne,&nbsp;Alexander Drzezga,&nbsp;John Seibyl,&nbsp;Osama Sabri,&nbsp;Guido Boening,&nbsp;Sibylle Ziegler,&nbsp;Matthias Brendel","doi":"10.1177/0271678X211018904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0271678X211018904","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The novel tau-PET tracer [¹⁸F]PI-2620 detects the 3/4-repeat-(R)-tauopathy Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the 4R-tauopathies corticobasal syndrome (CBS) and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). We determined whether [¹⁸F]PI-2620 binding characteristics deriving from non-invasive reference tissue modelling differentiate 3/4R- and 4R-tauopathies. Ten patients with a 3/4R tauopathy (AD continuum) and 29 patients with a 4R tauopathy (CBS, PSP) were evaluated. [¹⁸F]PI-2620 PET scans were acquired 0-60 min p.i. and the distribution volume ratio (DVR) was calculated. [¹⁸F]PI-2620-positive clusters (DVR ≥ 2.5 SD vs. 11 healthy controls) were evaluated by non-invasive kinetic modelling. R1 (delivery), k2 & k2a (efflux), DVR, 30-60 min standardized-uptake-value-ratios (SUVR_30-60) and the linear slope of post-perfusion phase SUVR (9-60 min p.i.) were compared between 3/4R- and 4R-tauopathies. Cortical clusters of 4R-tau cases indicated higher delivery (R1_SRTM: 0.92 ± 0.21 vs. 0.83 ± 0.10, p = 0.0007), higher efflux (k2_SRTM: 0.17/min ±0.21/min vs. 0.06/min ± 0.07/min, p < 0.0001), lower DVR (1.1 ± 0.1 vs. 1.4 ± 0.2, p < 0.0001), lower SUVR_30-60 (1.3 ± 0.2 vs. 1.8 ± 0.3, p < 0.0001) and flatter slopes of the post-perfusion phase (slope_9-60: 0.006/min ± 0.007/min vs. 0.016/min ± 0.008/min, p < 0.0001) when compared to 3/4R-tau cases. [¹⁸F]PI-2620 binding characteristics in cortical regions differentiate 3/4R- and 4R-tauopathies. Higher tracer clearance indicates less stable binding in 4R tauopathies when compared to 3/4R-tauopathies.</p>","PeriodicalId":520660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"2957-2972"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0271678X211018904","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39026305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional dynamics of dopamine synthesis during monetary reward and punishment processing.","authors":"Andreas Hahn, Murray B Reed, Verena Pichler, Paul Michenthaler, Lucas Rischka, Godber M Godbersen, Wolfgang Wadsak, Marcus Hacker, Rupert Lanzenberger","doi":"10.1177/0271678X211019827","DOIUrl":"10.1177/0271678X211019827","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The assessment of dopamine release with the PET competition model is thoroughly validated but entails disadvantages for the investigation of cognitive processes. We introduce a novel approach incorporating 6-[¹⁸F]FDOPA uptake as index of the dynamic regulation of dopamine synthesis enzymes by neuronal firing. The feasibility of this approach is demonstrated by assessing widely described sex differences in dopamine neurotransmission. Reward processing was behaviorally investigated in 36 healthy participants, of whom 16 completed fPET and fMRI during the monetary incentive delay task. A single 50 min fPET acquisition with 6-[¹⁸F]FDOPA served to quantify task-specific changes in dopamine synthesis. In men monetary gain induced stronger increases in ventral striatum dopamine synthesis than loss. Interestingly, the opposite effect was discovered in women. These changes were further associated with reward (men) and punishment sensitivity (women). As expected, fMRI showed robust task-specific neuronal activation but no sex difference. Our findings provide a neurobiological basis for known behavioral sex differences in reward and punishment processing, with important implications in psychiatric disorders showing sex-specific prevalence, altered reward processing and dopamine signaling. The high temporal resolution and magnitude of task-specific changes make fPET a promising tool to investigate functional neurotransmitter dynamics during cognitive processing and in brain disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":520660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"2973-2985"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8543667/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39032511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hemispheric CSF volume ratio quantifies progression and severity of cerebral edema after acute hemispheric stroke.","authors":"Rajat Dhar,&nbsp;Ali Hamzehloo,&nbsp;Atul Kumar,&nbsp;Yasheng Chen,&nbsp;June He,&nbsp;Laura Heitsch,&nbsp;Agnieszka Slowik,&nbsp;Daniel Strbian,&nbsp;Jin-Moo Lee","doi":"10.1177/0271678X211018210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0271678X211018210","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As swelling occurs, CSF is preferentially displaced from the ischemic hemisphere. The ratio of CSF volume in the stroke-affected hemisphere to that in the contralateral hemisphere may quantify the progression of cerebral edema. We automatically segmented CSF from 1,875 routine CTs performed within 96 hours of stroke onset in 924 participants of a stroke cohort study. In 737 subjects with follow-up imaging beyond 24-hours, edema severity was classified as affecting less than one-third of the hemisphere (CED-1), large hemispheric infarction (LHI, over one-third the hemisphere), without midline shift (CED-2) or with midline shift (CED-3). Malignant edema was LHI resulting in deterioration, requiring osmotic therapy, surgery, or resulting in death. Hemispheric CSF ratio was lower on baseline CT in those with LHI (0.91 vs. 0.97, p < 0.0001) and decreased more rapidly in those with LHI who developed midline shift (0.01 per hour for CED-3 vs. 0.004/hour CED-2). The ratio at 24-hours was lower in those with midline shift (0.41, IQR 0.30-0.57 vs. 0.66, 0.56-0.81 for CED-2). A ratio below 0.50 provided 90% sensitivity, 82% specificity for predicting malignant edema among those with LHI (AUC 0.91, 0.85-0.96). This suggests that the hemispheric CSF ratio may provide an accessible early biomarker of edema severity.</p>","PeriodicalId":520660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"2907-2915"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0271678X211018210","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39001354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}