Food additives & contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment最新文献

{"title":"Validation of an easily-synthesised sorbent-based magnetic dispersive solid phase extraction method for the extraction of fluoroquinolone antibiotics from raw cow milk samples.","authors":"Ali Mohebbi, Nazir Fattahi","doi":"10.1080/19440049.2026.2681201","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19440049.2026.2681201","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the current work, a sample pre-treatment method based on magnetic dispersive solid phase extraction was developed and validated for the extraction of fluoroquinolone antibiotics from raw cow milk samples before their quantification with HPLC with a diode array detector. A magnetised carbonised cellulose filter paper was synthesised easily and employed as an efficient sorbent in the extraction process. In the proposed method, after precipitating the milk proteins using trichloroacetic acid solution, the magnetic particles were dispersed throughout the pH-adjusted sample solution by vortex agitation. After removing the liquid phase in the presence of an external magnet, the sorbent particles were eluted with acetonitrile along with vortex agitation to desorb the analytes. The liquid phase was put into a vial and evaporated to dryness. The residue was dissolved in the mobile phase, and an aliquot was injected into the analytical instrument for quantitative analysis. Under the optimum conditions, acceptable extraction recoveries (67-76%), low limits of detection (0.21-0.32 ng mL^-1) and quantification (0.70-1.07 ng mL^-1), and good precision (relative standard deviation ≤ 6.5%) were attained. After optimising and validating the proposed method, it was performed on thirty different raw cow milk samples; none of the antibiotics were detected.</p>","PeriodicalId":520628,"journal":{"name":"Food additives & contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment","volume":" ","pages":"1318-1328"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148612326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A spoonful of sugar: human exposure to microplastics through consumption of processed sugarcane.","authors":"Jamila Patterson, K Immaculate Jeyasanta, M Narmatha Sathish, Andy M Booth, V Glen Esmeralda, R L Laju","doi":"10.1080/19440049.2026.2690609","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19440049.2026.2690609","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With increasing evidence of ingestion and uptake of microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics by humans, combined with potential toxicological impacts from exposure and accumulation, it is important to understand their primary exposure routes. The ingestion of MPs via consumption of MP-contaminated foodstuffs appears to be an important exposure route for humans. The current study investigated MP levels in commercially available processed white and brown sugars, attempted to identify the primary sources of MP contamination and estimated human exposure to MPs from sugar consumption. The abundance of MPs varied from 18 to 34 items/100 g (270 ± 82 items/kg) in white sugar and from 4 to 20 items/100 g (103 ± 85 items/kg) in brown sugar. The most common MP type was <1 mm in size, black in colour and fibre-like in morphology. The MPs were comprised of PP, PET, CP and PEU, with PP and PET being the most abundant polymers observed in both white and brown sugars. Physicochemical characterisation of the MPs found in the sugar samples suggests that processing steps, and not uptake from soil by sugarcane plants or contamination from plastic packaging, are the main source of MP contamination. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX) revealed a range of elements present on the MP surfaces, some of which are known to be toxic. These might have been derived from metal-based plastic additives or adsorbed from the surrounding environment. Using the available sugar intake data, we estimated that the annual intake of MPs by an average person is approximately 11,262 items/kg-bw/year for white sugar and 10,204 items/kg-bw/year for brown sugar. These MP ingestion levels are at least an order of magnitude higher than for salt and other foodstuffs. The results of this study can serve as a useful basis for implementing mitigation actions to reduce MP contamination during refined sugar production.</p>","PeriodicalId":520628,"journal":{"name":"Food additives & contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment","volume":" ","pages":"1382-1399"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148321467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitigation of pesticide residues in rice: influence of cooking methods on long-grain, brown, and Basmati varieties.","authors":"Filipa Carreiró, Sílvia Cruz Barros, Carla Brites, Patrícia Cazón, Duarte Torres, Fernando Ramos, Ana Sanches Silva","doi":"10.1080/19440049.2026.2693737","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19440049.2026.2693737","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The increasing use of pesticides in agriculture and household settings has raised concerns about their presence in the food chain. To address this, effective procedures for reducing pesticide residues are essential. The reduction of pesticide residues can be influenced by factors like grain adsorption, water solubility, and heat-induced breakdown. This study evaluated the effectiveness of various processing techniques-cooking and steam cooking, before and after washing-on reducing pesticide residues in rice (long-grain, brown, and basmati). Rice samples were intentionally contaminated with 121 pesticides at levels of 20 and 50 µg/kg, followed by different processing methods. The extraction of pesticides was carried out using the QuEChERS procedure, followed by their determination through high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The highest reduction of pesticide residues was observed for long-grain rice, with up to 85% reduction under the combination of vinegar washing and conventional cooking, while other rice types showed reductions ranging between 50% and 70% depending on the processing method. Results showed that combined washing and processing is particularly effective for enhancing food safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":520628,"journal":{"name":"Food additives & contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment","volume":" ","pages":"1329-1349"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148582122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening of illegally adulterated oxyphenisatin and phenolphthalein derivatives in weight-loss foods via UPLC-QTrap precursor ion scanning coupled with HRMS confirmation.","authors":"Ziyan Hu, Qingqing Sun, Liang Yuan, Zhi Ma, Huimin Chen, Dan Li, Wenting Liao, Jun Yang","doi":"10.1080/19440049.2026.2693982","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19440049.2026.2693982","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The illegal addition of chemically synthesised drugs or their derivatives into foods claiming functionality poses significant public health risks. However, detecting these compounds remains challenging due to structural ambiguity and the lack of standardised comparison substance for emerging synthetic derivatives. This study describes an integrated analytical approach combining sample preparation with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with hybrid triple quadrupole-linear ion trap mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTrap/MS) for the screening and detection of oxyphenisatin and phenolphthalein derivatives (OAPs) in functional weight-loss foods. The addition of oxyphenisatin cyclohexanecarboxylate was confirmed in a soft candy product under the brand name \"Hai Chi\", although in the absence of a commercial standard, the concentration could not be established.Fragmentation patterns of specific oxyphenisatin and phenolphthalein derivatives were analysed based on collision-induced dissociation (CID) pathways in positive electrospray ionisation (ESI) mode. The method employed precursor ion-information dependent acquisition-enhanced product ion (Prec-IDA-EPI) scanning and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) for screening and quantification. Twelve OAPs were characterised by their CID product ions, with precursor ion scanning targeting diagnostic fragments at <i>m/z</i> 224.1 and <i>m/z</i> 225.1, enabling comprehensive detection of compounds (200-800 <i>m/z</i>). Application of this method to 50 samples of commercial weight-loss foods led to the identification of a novel, illegally added oxyphenisatin analog in soft candy. To confirm the unknown compound, a post-hydrolysis comparison substance verification strategy was implemented, supported by high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) for molecular formula confirmation.</p>","PeriodicalId":520628,"journal":{"name":"Food additives & contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment","volume":" ","pages":"1307-1317"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148805131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of rapid screening methods (ELISA and lateral flow assays) versus LC-MS/MS for decision-making in fumonisin control in maize.","authors":"Renata Aparecida Cerqueira Tonelotto, Liliana de Oliveira Rocha, Adriana Pavesi Arisseto Bragotto","doi":"10.1080/19440049.2026.2723223","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19440049.2026.2723223","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Maize (<i>Zea mays</i>) is a major agricultural commodity in Brazil and is highly susceptible to fungal contamination, leading to the occurrence of fumonisins that may pose risks to human and animal health. Reliable analytical methods are therefore essential for monitoring and regulatory compliance. This study compared the performance of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), lateral flow assay (LFA), and LC-MS/MS for total fumonisin (FB1 + FB2) determination in naturally contaminated maize. A total of 101 maize samples collected in Minas Gerais and Goiás, Brazil, between December 2021 and March 2022 were analysed. ELISA showed greater result dispersion (CV = 209%) than LC-MS/MS (CV = 94%) and LFA (CV = 99%). No statistically significant differences were observed among the mean concentrations obtained by the three methods (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Correlation analysis revealed weak agreement between ELISA and the other methods, whereas LFA showed a moderate and significant correlation with LC-MS/MS. At the regulatory threshold of 4000 µg/kg, LFA demonstrated lower false-negative (7.9%) and false-positive (6.9%) rates than ELISA (10.9% and 16.8%, respectively), resulting in higher classification accuracy. Although LC-MS/MS remains the reference method, LFA provided reliable screening performance and operational advantages for rapid on-site decision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":520628,"journal":{"name":"Food additives & contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148868685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence and risk assessment of pesticide residues, heavy metals, and mycotoxins in green and roasted coffee beans distributed in the Republic of Korea.","authors":"Su-Jeong Hwang, Young-Hee Kwon, Hye-Sun Hwang, Ye-Jee Byun, Hye-Jun Kim, Ji-Hye Kang, Yu-Na Jeong, Hee-Soo Koo","doi":"10.1080/19440049.2026.2697296","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19440049.2026.2697296","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Coffee is one of the most widely consumed beverages globally, raising concerns regarding chronic dietary exposure to chemical contaminants. This study provides a comprehensive and simultaneous assessment of pesticide residues, mycotoxins, and heavy metals in coffee products distributed in the Republic of Korea, along with an evaluation of potential health risks. In 2025, a total of 88 samples (green coffee beans, <i>n</i> = 45; roasted coffee beans, <i>n</i> = 43) were collected from online markets, supermarkets, and local coffee shops in Busan. A multi-residue analytical approach targeting 480 pesticides was employed using GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS, while mycotoxins were determined by LC-MS/MS and heavy metals were quantified by ICP-MS and a direct mercury analyser. Pesticide residues were detected in 14 samples (15.9%), exclusively in green coffee beans, whereas no residues were detected in roasted coffee. Mycotoxins were identified at trace levels in a limited number of green coffee samples but were absent in roasted products. Pb and Cd were frequently detected, with Cd concentrations significantly higher in roasted coffee beans (<i>p</i> < 0.001), likely due to concentration effects during roasting. Mean total As concentrations were comparable to those of Cd, whereas Hg concentrations were substantially lower than those of the other heavy metals and showed no significant differences between sample types. Dietary exposure was estimated using a screening-level approach (ND = 0). Under a conservative worst-case scenario assuming that 100% of total arsenic was present as inorganic arsenic, the margin of exposure (MOE) was approximately 56. Despite this, exposure levels for all analytes remained substantially below relevant health-based guidance values. Principal component analysis revealed no distinct clustering by origin or processing stage, indicating that contamination patterns are influenced by multiple factors. Overall, these findings demonstrate that coffee distributed in Korea is unlikely to pose significant health risks under typical consumption conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":520628,"journal":{"name":"Food additives & contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment","volume":" ","pages":"1350-1363"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148407900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exposure, fate and impact of food preservatives in the environment.","authors":"Hugo M Lisboa, Shiv Bolan, Himporna Nath, Janaina Lima, Matheus Augusto de Bittencourt Pasquali, Pau Loke Show, Doris Ying Ying Tang, Santanu Mukherjee, M Jagadesh, Nanthi Bolan","doi":"10.1080/19440049.2026.2695301","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19440049.2026.2695301","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Food preservatives and preservative-related additives support food safety and shelf-life extension, but their environmental relevance depends on compound-specific release pathways, transformation behaviour, and receiving compartments. This structured narrative review synthesises evidence on the environmental exposure, fate, transformation products, and potential impacts of major preservative classes, including weak-acid antimicrobials, nitrite/nitrate curing systems, sulphites, synthetic phenolic antioxidants, chelators, bacteriocins/polyenes, and selected plant-derived antimicrobial or antioxidant compounds. The evidence shows that environmental loading can occur through food-processing effluents, household disposal, wastewater treatment, discarded food, landfill leachate, compost/digestate, sludge, biosolids, and preservative-loaded packaging or coating residues. Wastewater treatment should not be interpreted as uniformly ineffective; rather, removal, transformation, and partitioning are class-specific. Weak acids, sulphites, peptide preservatives, and many plant-derived compounds are often readily degraded or rapidly transformed, although near-field exposures and transformation products may still be relevant under high-loading or matrix-protected conditions. In contrast, synthetic phenolic antioxidants, EDTA and selected metal-EDTA complexes, paraben-related transformation products, and sludge-associated residues require closer environmental attention because of persistence, solid partitioning, metal-complex mobility, biosolid transfer, or transformation-product formation. The review also emphasises that 'natural,' 'organic,' and 'clean-label' descriptors should not be used as proxies for environmental safety. Environmental assessment should instead be based on measured occurrence, realistic exposure scenarios, degradation pathways, transformation products, sludge/biosolid partitioning, soil and sediment fate, plant uptake, and ecotoxicological endpoints. Future work should prioritise transformation-product-aware monitoring and class-specific risk assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":520628,"journal":{"name":"Food additives & contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment","volume":" ","pages":"1263-1306"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148687451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Specific migration of volatile organic compounds from light wood packaging (maritime pine and poplar) into a dry food simulant (tenax^®): identification, quantification and toxicological assessment using the TTC approach.","authors":"Daliéna Ludosky, Damien Erre, Florence Fricoteaux, Alain Copinet","doi":"10.1080/19440049.2026.2690291","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19440049.2026.2690291","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Specific migration of volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds (VOCs/SVOCs) from untreated light wood packaging from maritime pine (<i>Pinus pinaster</i>) and poplar (<i>Populus</i> sp.) into the dry food simulant Tenax^® was investigated by thermal desorption coupled to GC/MS (TD-GC/MS). Direct and indirect contact modes were tested for sapwood and heartwood of dry and wet wood at 4-40 °C for 24 h and 10 days. More than 140 VOCs were identified across all conditions combined. Poplar exhibited an aldehyde-dominated profile, whereas pine showed a terpene-dominated profile. Direct contact resulted in approximately twice as many identified compounds as indirect contact. Moisture induced a qualitative diversification of the poplar VOC profile and significantly reduced migration levels. Seven representative compounds were quantified and assessed using the Threshold of Toxicological Concern (TTC) approach with Cramer classification. Once migration was expressed on a contact-area basis, first-tier TTC screening indicated exposures below the Cramer-class thresholds for all seven compounds, although the margins were narrow for some compounds (e.g. 2-pentylfuran). This first-tier screening does not cover substances bearing a structural alert for genotoxicity, for which a lower threshold of 0.15 µg/person/day applies; a complete safety assessment therefore requires confirmation that the analytical method is sufficiently sensitive at that level. These findings provide a scientific basis for risk assessment and support the development of a dedicated regulatory framework for wood as a food contact material.</p>","PeriodicalId":520628,"journal":{"name":"Food additives & contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment","volume":" ","pages":"1423-1449"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148582076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peroxidase-mediated degradation of deoxynivalenol in bread made from wheat flour spiked with the mycotoxin.","authors":"Casiane S Tibola, Maísa S Filippi, Maristela B R Cerqueira, Carlos H B Silva, Martha Z de Miranda, Jaqueline Garda-Buffon, Ana C P Feltrin","doi":"10.1080/19440049.2026.2690611","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19440049.2026.2690611","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wheat and wheat-derived products are frequently contaminated with deoxynivalenol (DON), a trichothecene mycotoxin that poses significant risks to human and animal health. Traditional food processing methods often fail to eliminate DON due to its thermal stability. This study aimed to investigate the usefulness of soybean bran peroxidase (SBP), an agricultural by-product, in reducing deoxynivalenol (DON) in bread prepared with contaminated wheat flour. Dough was formulated with flour naturally contaminated with DON, and half of the samples were spiked with additional DON (0.4 µg/g). SBP (1.2 U/mg) was applied to both spiked and unspiked samples to assess the effects of the peroxidase across all treatment combinations. SBP treatment reduced detectable DON concentrations to below the analytical detection limit in bread produced from spiked flour. In addition to reducing DON levels, SBP treatment improved bread volume and crumb characteristics compared with untreated DON-spiked samples. These findings indicate that SBP treatment has potential as a downstream strategy for reducing DON contamination while maintaining desirable bread quality attributes, warranting further investigation of its applicability in cereal-based products.</p>","PeriodicalId":520628,"journal":{"name":"Food additives & contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment","volume":" ","pages":"1415-1422"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148475751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary exposure to perchlorate of the Hong Kong population through a total diet study.","authors":"Stephen W C Chung, Iris F M Cheung, Margaret C L Yeung, Gabriel Y S Chan, Joey L Y Kwok, Waiky W K Wong, K H Kung, Terence Y Y Cheung","doi":"10.1080/19440049.2026.2717300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2026.2717300","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Perchlorate and its salts occur naturally in the environment and are also environmental contaminants arising from human activities. Perchlorate has been reported to occur in a wide range of foods including vegetables, fruit, milk and dairy products. Dietary exposure assessment of the Hong Kong adult and younger populations to perchlorate was included in the second Hong Kong Total Diet Study (TDS). A total of 187 commonly consumed food items were collected and prepared 'as consumed'. A total of 374 composite food samples were analysed for perchlorate by isotopic labelled LC-MS/MS. Dietary exposure to perchlorate was estimated based on the analytical results and the food consumption data of the local population. The results showed that 249 out of 374 composite TDS samples (from 144 out of 187 TDS food items) tested positive for perchlorate, with a detection rate of over 75% (at TDS food item level). By comparing perchlorate levels across TDS food items, pumpkin was identified having the highest mean concentration (upper bound: 310 µg/kg), followed by Chinese amaranth (120 µg/kg) and Chinese parsley (67 µg/kg). Perchlorate was mainly contributed from the food group of 'Vegetables and their products', followed by 'Beverage, non-alcoholic' and 'Cereals and their products'. Both the highest upper bound exposure to perchlorate for high consumers of adult and younger populations contributed to 2.7 and 3.8% of its provisional maximum tolerable daily intake (PMTDI) value. Hence, the findings of this study indicated dietary exposure estimates of perchlorate for the average and high consumers of Hong Kong adult and younger populations were unlikely to pose a health risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":520628,"journal":{"name":"Food additives & contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148868658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}