Food additives & contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment最新文献

{"title":"Risk assessment of dietary exposure to aflatoxins and their levels in selected staple crops from The Gambia.","authors":"Ansumana Sanyang, Hussaini Anthony Makun, Hadiza Lami Muhammad, Fatima Omolola Badmos","doi":"10.1080/19440049.2025.2511247","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19440049.2025.2511247","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aflatoxin contamination poses a significant public health risk in The Gambia due to its prevalence in staple crops and its association with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study assessed aflatoxin levels in maize, groundnuts, rice, and millet, and evaluated dietary exposure and liver cancer risks in the Gambian population. Aflatoxin quantification using HPLC-FLD revealed high contamination levels, particularly in groundnuts (57.5 ± 6.8 µg/kg) and maize (29.7 ± 4.2 µg/kg). Dietary exposure assessment showed that children aged 1-6 years had the highest exposure, with groundnuts contributing 350.0 ng/kg/day and maize 146.4 ng/kg/day. Margin of Exposure (MOE) values were critically low, indicating severe health risks. The estimated liver cancer risk for HBV-positive individuals was highest in children (29 cases per 100,000 from groundnuts and 12 cases per 100,000 from maize), with significant risks also observed in adults. These findings highlight the urgent need for aflatoxin mitigation strategies. Recommendations include improved pre- and post-harvest handling, investment in better storage facilities, and enforcement of regulatory limits, public health awareness campaigns, and continuous monitoring. Implementing these strategies will help reduce aflatoxin exposure and associated health risks in the Gambia.</p>","PeriodicalId":520628,"journal":{"name":"Food additives & contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment","volume":" ","pages":"940-957"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144188783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of consumer exposure to penicillin and tetracycline residues in poultry meat by ELISA.","authors":"Marta Buczkowska, Michał Górski, Anna Szczyrba, Weronika Niedbała, Maria Wojtas, Małgorzata Podejma, Joanna Domagalska","doi":"10.1080/19440049.2025.2509232","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19440049.2025.2509232","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Reducing antibiotic use in human and veterinary medicine is a critical global health challenge. In livestock farming, antibiotic residues can persist in animal-derived products, raising concerns about consumer exposure. Tetracyclines and penicillins are among the most commonly used antibiotics in poultry production. This study aimed to determine tetracycline and penicillin residue levels in poultry meat and assess consumer exposure based on detected concentrations. A total of 178 poultry meat samples, including chicken (<i>n</i> = 105) and turkey (<i>n</i> = 73), were collected from retail markets in Poland between late 2023 and early 2024. Antibiotic residues were analyzed by ELISA. Tetracycline residues ranged from <0.7 to 1.63 µg/kg (Me = 0.84), and penicillin residues from <5.0 to 13.20 µg/kg (Me = 5.48). None of the samples exceeded Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs). Regression analysis identified significant factors influencing tetracycline residue levels above the limit of detection (LOD), including poultry species and \"antibiotic-free\" labeling. Turkey meat had a 2.5-fold higher likelihood of tetracycline residues above the LOD than chicken, while \"antibiotic-free\" products were 3.5 times more likely to contain tetracyclines. For penicillins, residues above the LOD (≥5 µg/kg) were 2.3 times more likely in turkey meat and twice as likely in \"antibiotic-free\" products. The estimated dietary intake (EDI) remained below 1% of the acceptable daily intake (ADI), indicating negligible consumer health risk. Whilst poultry meat samples complied with safety standards, the unexpectedly higher antibiotic residues in \"antibiotic-free\" products warrant further investigation. These findings emphasize the need for stricter regulatory oversight to ensure accurate labeling and consumer protection.</p>","PeriodicalId":520628,"journal":{"name":"Food additives & contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment","volume":" ","pages":"888-901"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144288055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fate of pyrrolizidine alkaloids during dairy processing of naturally and artificially contaminated sheep and goat milk.","authors":"Lisa Monika Klein, Stefan Nöbel, Brigitta Balázs, Karin Knappstein, Florian Kaltner, Claudia Guldimann, Michael Rychlik, Julika Lamp, Christoph Gottschalk, Angelika Miriam Knispel","doi":"10.1080/19440049.2025.2512882","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19440049.2025.2512882","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA) and their <i>N</i>-oxides (PANO) are produced by various plants and can be transferred into the milk of ruminants <i>via</i> contaminated feed. Data on the behavior of PA/PANO during dairy processing and their occurrence in dairy products are sparse. Within this work, naturally and artificially contaminated sheep and goat milk was used to manufacture Manchego and Feta type cheese (sheep) or Picodon type cheese and yogurt (goat). Samples taken along the production processes were analyzed using LC-MS/MS. PA/PANO contents remained constant or slightly decreased during heat-treatment of naturally contaminated raw milk. PANO levels were reduced partially or entirely due to microbial fermentation, whereas PA appeared stable. Transfer factors for cheese manufactured from naturally contaminated milk ranged from 0.28 ± 0.06 (Feta type cheese) to 0.68 ± 0.06 (Manchego type cheese). Experiments with artificially contaminated milk confirmed the results and indicated a reduction of PANO to the corresponding free base form due to microbial fermentation. The data imply that yogurt, whey, and cheese, except for Feta type cheese, are contaminated with PA in a similar range as the initial milk used for manufacture.</p>","PeriodicalId":520628,"journal":{"name":"Food additives & contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment","volume":" ","pages":"958-979"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144259828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of environmental contamination by toxic elements on cattle 30 years after lead mine and smelter closure in Upper Meža Valley in Slovenia.","authors":"Zlatka Bajc, Katarina Pavšič-Vrtač, Gabrijela Tavčar-Kalcher, Jožica Ježek, Jože Starič","doi":"10.1080/19440049.2025.2506520","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19440049.2025.2506520","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study was carried out to determine the levels of lead, cadmium, arsenic and mercury in the feed, blood, and milk of dairy cows from the Upper Meža Valley in Slovenia. The samples were collected in spring and autumn 2017 from farms located within a 10 km radius of a former lead mine and smelter. A total of 50 feed samples and 108 blood and milk samples were analysed using inductively coupled mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The lead and cadmium content in the feed did not exceed the maximum levels specified in European legislation, while the mercury concentrations were below the detection limit (0.007 mg kg^-1dry matter). However, one sample of grass silage had an arsenic concentration that exceeded the permitted limit (4.71 mg kg^-1), while all other feed samples remained within the permitted thresholds. Cadmium and arsenic were not detected in the blood samples; while mercury concentrations varied between < 0.002 and 0.020 mg kg^-1 wet weight. The mean blood lead level was 0.034 mg kg^-1 wet weight and was lower than the levels found in previous studies in this region. A significant correlation was found between lead concentration in blood and milk (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Lead was detected in 96.3% of the milk samples (<i>n</i> = 108). In three of these samples, the lead content exceeded the EU maximum level for milk of 0.020 mg kg^-1. Cadmium and arsenic were not detected in the milk samples, while mercury levels were low and ranged from < 0.002 to 0.006 mg kg^-1.</p>","PeriodicalId":520628,"journal":{"name":"Food additives & contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment","volume":" ","pages":"716-729"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144153271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial decontamination of African nutmeg (<i>Monodora myristica</i>) powder using high-energy electron beam and gamma rays.","authors":"Fidelis C K Ocloo, Susana E Fiadey, Joyce Agyei-Amponsah, Urszula Gryczka","doi":"10.1080/19440049.2025.2506103","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19440049.2025.2506103","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the microbial quality of African nutmeg powder irradiated with a high energy electron beam and Gamma rays. African nutmeg samples were purchased from a local market in Accra, Ghana, cleaned, milled, packaged, and irradiated separately using a high energy electron beam (with energy electrons of 9 MeV) and a ⁶⁰Co gamma source (dose rate of 2 kGy/h) at doses of 2, 4, 6 and 8 kGy. Un-irradiated African nutmeg powder served as a control. The microbial quality of the treated samples was determined using the ISO, 4832:2006 colony count technique. The presumptive microorganisms were identified using Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionisation-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). High energy electron beam and gamma rays significantly reduced (<i>p</i> < 0.05) the microbial loads of the African nutmeg powder with increasing irradiation dose. Microorganisms isolated and identified were <i>Cytobacillus kochii</i>, <i>Cronobacter spp</i>, <i>Pseudomonas stutzeri</i>, <i>Acinetobacter pittii</i>, and <i>Aspergillus flavus</i>. The results from this study suggest that gamma and high energy electron beam irradiators are equally effective and hence a high energy electron beam can be a good alternative to gamma irradiation for decontaminating African nutmeg powder with an effective dose of 6 kGy at which microorganisms were not detected.</p>","PeriodicalId":520628,"journal":{"name":"Food additives & contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment","volume":" ","pages":"807-817"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144129281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid and sensitive detection of flubendiamide in grapes and tomatoes using a colloidal gold immunochromatography assay.","authors":"Xinxin Xu,&nbsp;Lingling Guo,&nbsp;Aihong Wu,&nbsp;Liqiang Liu,&nbsp;Hua Kuang,&nbsp;Liguang Xu,&nbsp;Chuanlai Xu","doi":"10.1080/19440049.2022.2120635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2022.2120635","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, we developed a monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based colloidal gold immunochromatography assay (CG-ICA) strip for the rapid and sensitive detection of flubendiamide (FBD) in food samples. Our anti-FBD mAb 2B1 was highly specific and had a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) of 1.55 ng/mL under optimal conditions. It belongs to the IgG2a isotype and has a K_aff value of 1.52 × 10⁹ mol/L. The strip provided a visual detection limit of 50 ng/g for both grapes and tomatoes, with a cut-off value of 1,000 ng/g and these qualitative results were observed within 15 min. For quantitative analysis, the calculated detection limits were 6 ng/g and 5 ng/g in grapes and tomatoes, respectively. The average recoveries of FBD ranged from 88.8% to 111.8% in grapes and 94.5% to 110.6% in tomatoes. The proposed strip assay is highly practical for screening FDB in food samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":520628,"journal":{"name":"Food additives & contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment","volume":" ","pages":"1843-1854"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40357050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical recyclability of biodegradable polymers used for food packaging: case study of polyhydroxybutyrate-co-valerate (PHBV) plastic.","authors":"Isabelle Dedieu,&nbsp;Chahinez Aouf,&nbsp;Sebastien Gaucel,&nbsp;Stéphane Peyron","doi":"10.1080/19440049.2022.2122589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2022.2122589","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>For the purpose of mechanical recycling for food contact applications, decontamination of polyhydroxybutyrate-co-valerate (PHBV) plastic was performed under different temperatures and time conditions. As expected, increasing the decontamination temperature and duration increased the decontamination efficiency, but also the degradation of the polymer. The combination 160 °C/6 h was selected as the optimal conditions that maximize contaminants removal while minimizing polymer degradation. Then the safety of the recycled PHBV under these conditions was assessed, in accordance with EFSA regulation based on bottle-to-bottle PET recycling. Decontamination of low molecular weight molecules such as toluene, chlorobenzene, and methyl salicylate was nearly complete with residual concentrations below the modeled concentrations allowed in the polymer when the adult scenario is considered. However, the higher molecular weight and lower volatility molecules exhibited acceptable decontamination efficiencies, but their residual concentrations in the polymer exceeded the maximum concentrations of no concern. The presence of these molecules allows the use of nearly 21% recycled PHBV in the new materials to meet safety criteria. It is important to keep in mind that this work, never done before, is a preliminary work on mechanical recycling of PHBV, mainly based on extrapolation of PET conditions and regulations. Much more research needs to be done to improve the decontamination process, the barrier properties of PHBV or to think about a short recycling line for PHBV.</p>","PeriodicalId":520628,"journal":{"name":"Food additives & contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment","volume":" ","pages":"1878-1892"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40373933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a mass spectrometry-based metabolomics workflow for traceability of wild and cultivated <i>Cordyceps sinensis</i>.","authors":"Bo Ding,&nbsp;Hanxiang Li,&nbsp;Hongbo Huang,&nbsp;Jianjun Xie,&nbsp;Zhiyuan Wang,&nbsp;Wenrui Chen,&nbsp;Yiwen Tao","doi":"10.1080/19440049.2022.2118864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2022.2118864","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Cordyceps sinensis</i>, as an expensive traditional Chinese medicine and edible fungus mycelium, lacks an effective quality evaluation method, especially and cultivated <i>Cordyceps sinensis</i>. In this study, a feasible workflow method was developed for traceability evaluation of wild and cultivated <i>Cordyceps sinensis,</i> based on mass spectrometry-based metabolomics. Mass spectrometry data were firstly acquired from <i>Cordyceps sinensis,</i> samples by liquid chromatography-quadrupole and time of flight mass spectrometry. Characteristic mass spectrometry peaks were extracted by applying the MZmine. Then significant markers were obtained from <i>Cordyceps sinensis</i> samples by orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis. Then, identification of significant markers were identified by MS-FINDER data analytics. The results showed that Changdu, the other four wild origins (Naqu, Xinghai, Yushu and Guoluo) and cultivated samples could be significantly distinguished. This identified significant markers of <i>Cordyceps sinensis</i>, including 174 special significant markers for the wild samples, 204 special significant markers for the cultivated samples and 87 share significant markers. Number of 87 shared significant markers were identified in the wild and cultivated <i>Cordyceps sinensis</i>, especially 28 confident significant compounds, such as adenosine, riboflavin, tyrosine, arginine and glutamine. These shared significant markers might support the quality control of multi-targets of <i>Cordyceps sinensis</i>, compared with a single target in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The special significant markers indicated that cultivated <i>Cordyceps sinensis</i> was different from the wild based on mass spectrometry-based metabolomics. In the comparison of chromatographic fingerprint technology, it was found that the established feasible workflow method was easy to acquire significant markers and traceability of <i>Cordyceps sinensis</i>. This feasible workflow method has great potential to be successful for comprehensive and traceability evaluation of the wild and cultivated <i>Cordyceps sinensis.</i></p>","PeriodicalId":520628,"journal":{"name":"Food additives & contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment","volume":" ","pages":"1773-1784"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40356694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mixtures of mycotoxins, phytoestrogens and pesticides co-occurring in wet spent brewery grains (BSG) intended for dairy cattle feeding in Austria.","authors":"Felipe Penagos-Tabares,&nbsp;Michael Sulyok,&nbsp;Veronika Nagl,&nbsp;Johannes Faas,&nbsp;Rudolf Krska,&nbsp;Ratchaneewan Khiaosa-Ard,&nbsp;Qendrim Zebeli","doi":"10.1080/19440049.2022.2121430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2022.2121430","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Spent brewery grains (BSG) are the main by-product of beer production and are incorporated in rations of food-delivering animals, mainly dairy cows. Like other agricultural commodities, BSG can be contaminated by a broad spectrum of natural and synthetic undesirable substances, which can be hazardous to animal and human health as well as to the environment. The co-occurrence of mycotoxins, phytoestrogens, other fungal and plant secondary metabolites, along with pesticides, was investigated in 21 BSG samples collected in dairy farms in Austria. For this purpose, a validated multi-metabolite liquid chromatography/electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS) was employed. Metabolites derived from <i>Fusarium</i>, <i>Aspergillus, Alternaria</i> and pesticide residues, were ubiquitous in the samples. Zearalenone (ZEN), T-2 and HT-2 toxins were the only regulated mycotoxin detected, albeit at concentrations below the European guidance values for animal feeds. Ergot alkaloids, <i>Penicillium</i>-derived metabolites, and phytoestrogens had occurrence rates of 90, 48 and 29%, respectively. <i>Penicillium</i> metabolites presented the highest levels among the fungal compounds, indicating contamination during storage. Aflatoxins (AFs), ochratoxins and deoxynivalenol (DON) were not detected. Out of the 16 detected pesticides, two fungicides, ametoctradin (9.5%) and mandipropamid (14.3%) revealed concentrations exceeding their respective maximum residue level (MRL) (0.01 mg kg^-1) for barley in two samples. Although based on European guidance and MRL values the levels of the detected compounds probably do not pose acute risks for cattle, the impact of the long-time exposure to such mixtures of natural and synthetic toxicants on animal health and food safety are unknown and must be elucidated.</p>","PeriodicalId":520628,"journal":{"name":"Food additives & contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment","volume":" ","pages":"1855-1877"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40374439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimised multiplex droplet digital PCR is more precise, but not more sensitive, than real-time PCR for the detection of allergenic peanut.","authors":"Anne C Eischeid","doi":"10.1080/19440049.2022.2126530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2022.2126530","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The United States requires labelling of food products containing major allergens, such as peanut, through the Food Allergen Labeling and Consumer Protection Act. Accurate labelling requires sensitive, specific and robust detection methods, and PCR-based techniques have proven highly effective. This article describes the transition of a previously developed multiplex real-time PCR assay for allergenic peanut to a droplet digital PCR format. The triplex droplet digital PCR assay was developed in a probe mixing format and directly compared to the established real-time PCR assay. Data are provided for thorough optimisation in the digital format, including the effects of primer and probe concentration, cycle number and annealing/extension time. Optimisation parameters influenced relative location and separation of droplet clusters but not final copy number. The droplet digital PCR assay was linear over five orders of magnitude; its lower limit of detection was 0.05 pg DNA per reaction, more sensitive than published digital PCR allergen assays. It was more precise, but not more sensitive, than the previously established real-time PCR assay.</p>","PeriodicalId":520628,"journal":{"name":"Food additives & contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment","volume":" ","pages":"1797-1805"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40386340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}