Folia primatologica; international journal of primatology最新文献

{"title":"Preliminary study of intra- and inter-group behavioural synchronization in owl monkeys (Aotus azarae) in the Argentine Chaco.","authors":"Wendy Yael Kobrinsky, Mariana Inés Ayala, Eduardo Fernandez-Duque, Alba Garcia de la Chica","doi":"10.1163/14219980-bja10075","DOIUrl":"10.1163/14219980-bja10075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Maintaining behavioural synchronization is crucial in primate groups to preserve cohesion among individuals. For primates with a monogamous mating system and pair-living social organization, maintaining strong bonds and cooperation is essential. The aim of this preliminary study was to explore behavioural synchronization in owl monkeys (Aotus azarae). We simultaneously observed five groups in the Argentinean Chaco to evaluate within-group synchronization between adult male-female pair mates, between-group synchronization among males and among females, and the spatial dynamics of neighbouring groups. Pair mates showed a high degree of activity synchrony, often performing the same activity at the same time, with resting being the most synchronized behaviour. However, at the inter-group level, only resting showed a high degree of synchronization. All groups were active in the morning, began their first resting period at approximately the same time, and finished their activities at similar times, evidence of temporal synchronization. Neighbouring groups moved apart more often than they approached each other, particularly in the afternoon, suggesting active avoidance and potentially explaining the lack of inter-group encounters observed. These preliminary results provide insights into the social behaviour of the species and the cohesion they maintain. Further analyses are needed to better understand the mechanisms underlying cohesive behaviour and how it shapes group synchronization in Aotus azarae.</p>","PeriodicalId":520627,"journal":{"name":"Folia primatologica; international journal of primatology","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146260651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disambiguating grappling: Push-pull tangle as an intriguing social interaction in spider monkeys.","authors":"Colleen M Schaffner, Filippo Aureli","doi":"10.1163/14219980-bja10072","DOIUrl":"10.1163/14219980-bja10072","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Until now, the term grappling described three different social interactions in spider monkeys (Ateles spp.): a form of wrestling play, a form of aggressive interaction involving agonistic behaviours, and a complex, non-aggressive interaction involving several behavioural elements including face touching, embracing, and genital touching, but not play. Given this ambiguity, we focused on documenting the behavioural elements involved in the latter form and rename it as \"push-pull tangle\" based on its behavioural dynamics to distinguish it from the other two forms. We carried out observations on two species of spider monkeys, in the wild and in a zoo setting. We observed individually identified Geoffroy's spider monkeys living in the Otoch Ma'ax yetel Kooh protected area, Yucatan, Mexico. We observed Colombian black-faced spider monkeys at Chester Zoo, United Kingdom. At both sites we recorded details about push-pull tangle ad libitum. We observed 13 bouts of push-pull tangle during approximately 800 h in Mexico and 12 bouts during approximately 300 h at Chester Zoo. Consistent behavioural elements occurred across the two species including face greeting, face touching, body sniffing, mutual embraces, tail wrapping, straddling of the partner, and touching the partner's genitals. The bouts of push-pull tangle were long lasting. Given none of the observed bouts were associated with either aggression or play when both participants were adults, it warrants being renamed as push-pull tangle to disambiguate it from the other two forms of grappling.</p>","PeriodicalId":520627,"journal":{"name":"Folia primatologica; international journal of primatology","volume":" ","pages":"83-89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146260582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of interspecific interactions between primates and domesticated animals.","authors":"Nanda B Grow, Sharon Gursky","doi":"10.1163/14219980-bja10071","DOIUrl":"10.1163/14219980-bja10071","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As human populations expand and modify landscapes, interactions between wild primates and domesticated animals have become increasingly frequent. This review synthesizes literature on primate-domestic animal interactions to assess patterns across these associations and set the context for the subsequent articles in the special issue on this topic. In our review, we sampled reports of directly observed interactions published in full-length manuscripts within the last 25 years. Dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) are the most frequently reported domestic species involved in agonistic encounters with primates, often acting as predators or human-directed deterrents in agricultural settings. In a sample of 100 search results for relevant key words, most interactions that were documented involved dogs (92% of 117 interactions recorded in 15 of 16 articles), most of which were free-ranging. Habitat type (agroforest, protected area, or town) showed an association dog type (free-ranging or with a known owner), where dogs with known owners in agroforest make up the largest proportion of interactions, followed by free-ranging dogs in agroforest. The nature of interactions (agonism or neutral) associated with taxonomic group, where no strepsirrhines were involved in neutral interactions with dogs, and all interactions with cattle were neutral. Despite the impact of domestic animals on wild primate populations, systematic studies on primates and domestic animals, especially beyond canines, are often limited. To better understand the nature of anthropogenically influenced interspecies interactions, we recommend that researchers distinguish between the degree of human control domesticated animals are under, document the behavioural responses of both primates and domestic animals, and include interactions with non-canine domestic species, such as livestock.</p>","PeriodicalId":520627,"journal":{"name":"Folia primatologica; international journal of primatology","volume":" ","pages":"229-243"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145472675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arm-swinging and habitat use of the red-shanked douc langur (Pygathrix nemaeus) in the Son Tra Nature Reserve, Vietnam.","authors":"Katie E Bailey, Jeffrey W Winking, David L Carlson, Tran Van Bang, Ha Thang Long","doi":"10.1163/14219980-bja10067","DOIUrl":"10.1163/14219980-bja10067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Amongst the colobines (Colobinae subfamily), the douc langurs (Pygathrix) are known to use higher proportions of arm-swinging behavior in their locomotor repertoire. Previously, researchers have suggested the increased use of arm-swinging to be a result of habitat constraints. For example, suspensory locomotion allows animals to travel across unstable substrates, such as the terminal ends of branches, than would be possible in above branch locomotion. In this paper, we attempt to identify patterns of habitat use and arm-swinging amongst the doucs. Specifically, we predict arm-swinging will occur significantly more on horizontal substrates, in the main canopy, on branches (medium-sized substrates), and in old-growth forest. Data was recorded in the Son Tra Nature Reserve, Vietnam between November 2016 and April 2017. The monkeys were filmed and data was extracted continuously. Results indicate the red-shanked douc arm-swings more often when they are in the main part of the canopy compared to the top of the canopy, and possibly on substrates smaller than a bough. No differences were found in frequency of arm-swinging when individuals were in old versus new forest or on horizontal versus oblique substrates. The patterns of arm-swinging behavior follow patterns similar to that of spider monkeys, especially in substrate preferences. This information is critical for understanding and conserving the habitat of the critically-endangered red-shanked douc.</p>","PeriodicalId":520627,"journal":{"name":"Folia primatologica; international journal of primatology","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145454461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the nutrition of Orthoptera and other insect prey for Weddell's saddleback tamarin (Leontocebus weddelli).","authors":"Leila M Porter, Mitchell T Irwin, Edgar J Villeda, Natalie Herrera-Salazar, Paola Velásquez-Noriega","doi":"10.1163/14219980-bja10070","DOIUrl":"10.1163/14219980-bja10070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many primate species consume insects as part of their regular diet, yet few researchers have systematically collected them and analyzed their nutritional content. In this study, we developed protocols for collecting and analyzing prey items consumed by Weddell's saddleback tamarins (Leontocebus weddelli), focusing on Orthoptera (crickets, grasshoppers, and katydids) which have been documented to be a central component of their diet. We used five methods to collect insect prey (pitfall, sheet, water, moth trap and manual capture) at a field site in northwestern Bolivia over the course of two months. In total, we collected 1302 insect samples, which we photographed, weighed, dried, and sorted into nine taxonomic groups (Acrididoidea/Eumastacoidea, Blattodea, Cicadoidea, Gryllidae, Lepidoptera, Mantodea, Phasmatodea Proscopiidae, and Tettigoniidae). We then analyzed the samples for their macro- and micro-nutrients. We found that the manual capture method was the most effective for capturing orthopterans. Our analyses showed that the samples primarily contained crude protein (52.63-78.54 % dry matter (PCDM)), chitin (12.05-27.26 PCDM) and fat (4.63-15.6 PCDM). The samples also contained high levels of a wide variety of minerals, including iron (42-655 parts per million (ppm)), zinc (85-554 ppm), and manganese (37-1200 ppm). These results indicate that orthopterans and other Neotropical insects can serve as important sources of macro- and micronutrients for tamarins. Given the variation in nutrient content among taxa, we recommend that researchers collect and analyze insects that most closely resemble the prey consumed by their study subjects to determine their nutritional value, and not assume equivalent nutritional composition across species, higher taxa, or life stages. Given the success of using night walks with manual capture for collecting Orthopterans, we recommend that other primatologists use this method to allow for cross-site comparisons of insect nutrition.</p>","PeriodicalId":520627,"journal":{"name":"Folia primatologica; international journal of primatology","volume":" ","pages":"203-219"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145454450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary preferences and behaviour of the Southern Lesser Bushbaby Galago moholi (Loriformes: Galagidae) foraging at an entomological light trap.","authors":"Jamie C Weir","doi":"10.1163/14219980-bja10068","DOIUrl":"10.1163/14219980-bja10068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Southern Lesser Bushbaby Galago moholi is a small, nocturnal, strepsirrhine primate, native to Sub-Saharan Africa. Previously considered a strict dietary specialist on tree exudates and insects, recent observations have revealed hitherto unappreciated plasticity in its feeding behaviour, encompassing fruits and even small vertebrates. While arthropods are an important seasonal component of the diet of this species, we still have little idea of the types of insect prey taken in nature, or the extent of any preferences among arthropod taxa. Here, I document behavioural observations made of G. moholi foraging at a moth trapping light on two occasions in November 2024 in Limpopo (Republic of South Africa), including details of feeding preferences and previously undocumented foraging vocalisations. To understand species-level preferences among potential insect prey, I presented an individual G. moholi with various prey types and recorded which were consumed. In addition, using male Driver Ants Dorylus helvolus, I experimentally manipulated prey items to gauge the relative importance of prey appearance, movement, and sound in determining their attractiveness to G. moholi. Lepidoptera were strongly favoured among available prey options, with increased discrimination applied to other groups such as Coleoptera and Hemiptera. Both sound and movement were important in determining predation from G. moholi. Although limited by low replication, these observations are the first to document species-level discrimination and preferences among a wide range of insect prey in wild G. moholi. Building a clearer picture of the dietary ecology of this species is vital for its conservation, and for better understanding its functional role in woodland food-webs. Future studies should seek to employ more systematic experimental approaches on captive and wild individuals (i) to clarify the traits that make different arthropod taxa suitable/attractive prey for this species, and (ii) to further explore the sensory ecology of G. moholi foraging, particularly the relative role of vision and audition.</p>","PeriodicalId":520627,"journal":{"name":"Folia primatologica; international journal of primatology","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145454476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Primates: an evolutionary board game.","authors":"Lauren Lansdowne","doi":"10.1163/14219980-bja10069","DOIUrl":"10.1163/14219980-bja10069","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520627,"journal":{"name":"Folia primatologica; international journal of primatology","volume":" ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145454455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variation in mantled howler monkey (Alouatta palliata) roaring behavior across ecologically diverse sites and seasons.","authors":"Amy L Schreier, Francesca V E Kaser, Reilly L Miller, Michael Ennis, C Eric Johnson, Dorian G Russell, Laura M Bolt","doi":"10.1163/14219980-bja10066","DOIUrl":"10.1163/14219980-bja10066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Howler monkeys are well-known for producing long calls (\"roars\") as a means of long-distance communication. The ecological resource defense hypothesis posits that animals roar to defend food resources; thus monkeys should modify roaring behavior across seasons and between sites with varying food resource abundance. We investigated mantled howler monkey roaring behavior between the wet and dry seasons at a large, continuous lowland wet forest (La Selva Research Station) in northeastern Costa Rica as well as between La Selva and a nearby small forest fragment (La Suerte Biological Research Station, LSBRS). We quantified a proxy of resource abundance at each site by measuring tree diameter at breast height (DBH) and canopy cover and used all-occurrences sampling to collect data on roaring behavior. We calculated number of roars per minute, length of roar bouts, and roar bouts per hour. Number of roars per minute was significantly higher at La Selva during the wet season than the dry season. With respect to comparisons across sites, both canopy cover and DBH were significantly higher at La Selva. Correspondingly, the length of roar bouts and the number of roars per minute were significantly higher at La Selva. Roar bouts per hour, however, were significantly higher at LSBRS, which may be explained by the very high population density at LSBRS. The results for our comparison demonstrate that some features of howler monkey roaring behavior vary along with ecological conditions and that other non-ecological factors may also drive elements of roaring.</p>","PeriodicalId":520627,"journal":{"name":"Folia primatologica; international journal of primatology","volume":" ","pages":"175-192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145454485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behavioural responses of long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) to environmental fluctuations: a preliminary study on Belitung Island, Indonesia.","authors":"M Ubaidilah Hasan, Eka Arismayanti, Dyah Perwitasari-Farajallah, Yamato Tsuji, Kanthi Arum Widayati","doi":"10.1163/14219980-bja10064","DOIUrl":"10.1163/14219980-bja10064","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human presence and climate constraints shaped the primate adaptation to employ behavioural strategies. In this study, we examined the relationship between the food environment (human presence and microclimate) and behavioural responses of long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) in secondary and mangrove forests of coastal habitats on Belitung Island, Indonesia, over six months (March-August 2023), with 509 h of total observations. The macaques were mainly frugivorous, but a small amount of human food consumption persisted in response to the presence of humans. The macaques spent more time resting and autogrooming, decreased both moving and feeding, fed more on human food, reduced mature fruit consumption, and decreased home range sizes when visitors were more present. Furthermore, higher humidity levels decreased feeding activity and reduced the consumption of mature fruit, seed, other plant matters, and water intake in macaques, whereas the frequency of their autogrooming and canopy usage increased. Rainfall and temperature did not substantially exhibit relationship with behavioural ecology of macaques, which supported other long-tailed macaque responses from several regional sites. The macaques appeared to have adapted to human presence and microclimate by employing an energy-minimizing strategy, i.e., using the least costly energy in activity and ranging behaviour in taking human resources, and shifting activity, diet, and particular strata as microhabitat selection during humidity stress. Overall, macaques exhibited a generalist primate species where their behaviour and dietary adaptation allowed them to address anthropogenic and microclimate pressure. Our findings provided valuable reports and essential data for developing conservation programs and strategies, particularly concerning the impacts of human presence and climate change on macaque behaviour.</p>","PeriodicalId":520627,"journal":{"name":"Folia primatologica; international journal of primatology","volume":" ","pages":"155-174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145454465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Habituation and decline of anti-predator behaviours in colobus monkeys in dog-dense suburban Kenya.","authors":"Pamela May Karen Cunneyworth, Robyn E Macmillan, Giuseppe Donati","doi":"10.1163/14219980-bja10065","DOIUrl":"10.1163/14219980-bja10065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) are an invasive species that can affect wildlife behaviour and contribute to species extinction. In Diani and Galu, southeastern Kenya, they injure or kill colobus monkeys (Colobus angolensis palliatus) more than the other monkey species in the area. This study investigated how arboreal colobus in these suburban areas adjust anti-predator strategies to a dog-dense environment. From May to July 2018, we conducted focal follows on two colobus groups (Group A: 103 h; Group B: 98.5 h) with home ranges overlapping with dogs and where previous dog-colobus attacks were witnessed. Dog-colobus interactions (⩽20 m from a dog) occurred in 2% of observation hours, with 70% of interactions involving dog predatory behaviours. The primary anti-predator behaviour was vigilance during the interactions and moving away rather than fleeing. When we mapped these interactions, the high-risk areas accounted for 12 and 13% of the total home ranges, respectively. Both groups spent about half their time foraging in these high-risk areas, did not stay high in the vegetation while there, and did not socialise or rest more frequently in the low-risk areas. A 1969 study of colobus vocalisations in the same area described colobus responding to dogs with vocalisations, threat displays, and fleeing - typical anti-predator behaviours of the genus. We conclude that over 55 years of exposure and habituation to dogs in a rapidly growing suburban environment have diminished anti-predator responses. Although frequently employed anti-predator behaviours would be energetically costly, reduced expression may ultimately increase colobus vulnerability to dog predation.</p>","PeriodicalId":520627,"journal":{"name":"Folia primatologica; international journal of primatology","volume":" ","pages":"253-268"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145454482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}