Folia primatologica; international journal of primatology最新文献

{"title":"Seasonal activity patterns of Arsi geladas (Theropithecus gelada arsi) inhabiting an anthropogenic landscape at Goro-Jena, Ethiopia.","authors":"Amera Moges, Afework Bekele, Peter J Fashing, Dereje Yazezew, Hussein Ibrahim, Meseret Chane, Nga Nguyen, Timothy M Eppley, Vivek V Venkataraman, Addisu Mekonnen","doi":"10.1163/14219980-bja10059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/14219980-bja10059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Characterizing activity budgets in response to seasonality and anthropogenic pressures provides insights into primate behavioral ecology. The Arsi geladas (T. gelada arsi) are a distinct and little-known subspecies of geladas living south of the Rift Valley in eastern Arsi, Ethiopia, where elevation and rainfall levels are low, temperatures are high, and habitat loss and degradation threaten the geladas. To better understand how Arsi geladas cope with the challenges of their highly disturbed and climatically challenging environment, we conducted 16 months of observational scan sampling on a focal band of approx. 35 individuals (consisting of two one-male units) at Goro-Jena to examine diurnal and seasonal variation in their activity budgets. Overall, Arsi geladas spent most of their time feeding (57.3 ± 5.0%), followed by socializing (18.7% ± 3.8), moving (12.5 ± 5.0), and resting (10.2 ± 3.1). Feeding peaked in the late morning and late afternoon and social behavior peaked in the early morning near sleeping sites. Resting also peaked in the early morning as well as around mid-day, when ambient temperatures were warmest, the latter peak potentially reflecting the thermoregulatory challenges of the hot climate in Arsi. Arsi geladas exhibited only minor seasonal shifts in their activity patterns with increases in feeding time corresponding with periods of lower resource availability and quality. Percentage of time devoted to feeding by geladas at Goro-Jena was comparable to that of some populations at high elevations which themselves must cope with cold climates. This finding suggests that Arsi geladas at Goro-Jena occupy a marginal environment that imposes substantial energetic stress on them. As such, priority conservation actions must include protecting and expanding natural gelada habitat at Goro-Jena - as well as elsewhere in Arsi - to ensure the persistence of this increasingly rare and threatened gelada subspecies.</p>","PeriodicalId":520627,"journal":{"name":"Folia primatologica; international journal of primatology","volume":" ","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144153206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Later onset of adulthood in Western Hoolock gibbons (Hoolock hoolock).","authors":"Siddharth Badri, Susan M Cheyne, Florian Magne","doi":"10.1163/14219980-bja10056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/14219980-bja10056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The sexual maturity period of Western Hoolock gibbons (Hoolock hoolock) has long been considered to be between 6 to 8 years of age for both sexes. This report presents evidence from 12 captive Hoolock hoolock at the Sonja Wildlife Rescue Centre, suggesting a longer period to reach adulthood. The subjects are 6 males and 6 females gibbons, of which 3 are captive born and 9 are wild born. The data was derived from records collected at Sonja Wildlife Rescue Centre from 2009 to 2024. Out of the 10 subjects to have reached puberty, 9 subjects (90%) experienced it between 8 to 9 years of age, and 1 subject (10%) at 10 years of age; all these subjects reached adulthood one year after. Therefore, our evidence suggests that Hoolock hoolock experience puberty at the end of sub-adulthood, followed by adulthood that occurs between 9 to 11 years of age. As most of the gibbons that have been confiscated from the illegal wildlife and pet trade are infants, juvenile or sub-adults at the time of rescue, it is important to establish an accurate puberty and adulthood period to efficiently rehabilitate and prepare captive Hoolock hoolock for potential pairing and release back to the wild only after reaching adulthood i.e. at the age group of 9 to 11 years.</p>","PeriodicalId":520627,"journal":{"name":"Folia primatologica; international journal of primatology","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144153251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A shared landscape: spatial and temporal patterns in livestock and dog presence within a protected tropical dry forest lemur habitat.","authors":"N Flowers, L L Rankin, N Yamashita, S Reynaert, A C Axel","doi":"10.1163/14219980-bja10055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/14219980-bja10055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Habitat degradation is a threat to primate species worldwide with agricultural practices chief among these. Livestock play prominent historical, economic, cultural and social roles in Madagascar, a biodiversity hotspot where one-fifth of the world's primates are endemic. In the arid regions of Madagascar, livestock and lemurs occupy the same forest habitats and understanding their co-existence is a conservation priority; however, lack of knowledge of livestock spatial and temporal movements in shared habitats limits our ability to manage impacts. This study aimed to detect livestock presence and characterize spatial and temporal patterns of livestock occurrence inside Beza Mahafaly Special Reserve. We analyzed five autonomous recording units with recording from one minute every 30 minutes in two forest types and protection zones (inside and outside fenced Parcel I) for one year. To gain a broader understanding of the potential impacts of livestock, we also looked at chopping sounds as a proxy for fodder collection and vocalizations of dogs that often accompany herders. We found that livestock were present in forests most often at dawn and dusk, suggesting a pattern of movements along well-traveled routes. Both livestock and chopping occurrences were greater outside of Parcel I, suggesting the fence may provide additional forest protection, but some nocturnal livestock activity was detected in Parcel I gallery forests. Livestock occurrence peaked in the wet season, but chopping was higher in the dry season (and in gallery forests) indicating herders may be supplementing livestock diets with fodder in the lean season. The presence of dog vocalizations were not consistent with livestock patterns of occurrence; instead, the dogs, an introduced predator, seemed to be free-roaming the reserve at night, which could pose a threat to the lemurs there. Our findings demonstrate that passive acoustic monitoring is an effective method of monitoring livestock related activities in protected areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":520627,"journal":{"name":"Folia primatologica; international journal of primatology","volume":" ","pages":"1-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144153243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary study on mother-approved infant handling behavior of black-and-white snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus bieti).","authors":"Chun-Yan Cui, Ying Geng, Ying Zhou, Bo-Yan Li, Jian-Dong Lai, Qing-Lei Sun, Sang Ge, Liang-Wei Cui, Zhen-Hua Guan","doi":"10.1163/14219980-bja10058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/14219980-bja10058","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mother-Approved Infant Handling (MAIH), a behaviour characterized by non-maternal individuals carrying a mother's offspring with her consent following a process of behavioural negotiation, is a well-documented phenomenon in colobine species. This study systematically documented MAIH within a semi-provisioned breeding band of black-and-white snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus bieti) in Xiangguqing, Yunnan, P.R. China. The research aimed to test the learning-to-mother hypothesis, which posits that inexperienced females engage in infant handling to acquire maternal skills. Over the study periods in 2019 and 2022, we observed MAIH events across multiple one-male units (OMUs). Our findings revealed that MAIH was predominantly initiated by juvenile and adult females, particularly within the first two months after an infant's birth. A generalized linear mixed model analysis revealed that both handler age and the number of offspring significantly influenced the occurrence of MAIH. These results support and enrich the learning-to-mother hypothesis, suggesting that MAIH provides an opportunity for inexperienced females to gain caregiving skills. While older females exhibited higher MAIH occurrences, the negative quadratic effect indicates that it declines after peaking at a certain age. This study advances our understanding of the adaptive significance of allomaternal care in primate societies and offers insights into the evolutionary origins of cooperative breeding in humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":520627,"journal":{"name":"Folia primatologica; international journal of primatology","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144153254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nonhuman primates and cattle: a camera trap survey of inter-specific spatial and temporal overlap.","authors":"Ivorda Mhakilicha, Fiona A Stewart, Denise Su, Alex K Piel","doi":"10.1163/14219980-bja10057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/14219980-bja10057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nonhuman primates are threatened across their distribution, with habitat loss, disease, poaching, and the pet trade causing widespread population decline. An understudied threat is the growing presence of cattle in primate habitat, with the increased exposure to human and bovid pathogens, domestic dogs that accompany herders, and habitat degradation. We investigated cattle-primate spatial and temporal overlap using 13 motion triggered cameras over a 16-month period (2023-2024). We detected cattle and primate presence in 5/13 cameras, all in open vegetation (woodland or grasslands). Yellow baboons and vervet monkeys spatially overlapped with cattle, whilst chimpanzees and red-tailed monkeys were only observed in riparian forests, and so did not overlap with cattle. We found no relationship between primates and cattle observations ( r 2 = 0.49, n = 12, p = 0.1), suggesting that there is no avoidance between species but we did find an effect of season on primate activity on cattle-present vs cattle-absent cameras ( χ 2 (1, N = 176) = 7.21, p = 0.007), with more primate observations on cattle-present cameras during the dry season. Primates and cattle observed on the same cameras exhibited similar diel activity patterns, compared to earlier and later primate presence in non-cattle cameras. We conclude by discussing the implications for cattle-primate overlap, and next steps to better understand this coexistence.</p>","PeriodicalId":520627,"journal":{"name":"Folia primatologica; international journal of primatology","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144153253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are playback-aided surveys of the buffy-tufted-ear marmoset (Callithrix aurita) improved with the use of handheld thermal cameras?","authors":"Natan Tomaz Massardi, Fabiano Rodrigues de Melo, Rodrigo Salles de Carvalho, Rogério Grassetto Teixeira da Cunha","doi":"10.1163/14219980-bja10053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/14219980-bja10053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Obtaining accurate data on occurrence, abundance, and population density of endangered species is of paramount importance. Accordingly, we need a continuous effort to improve current survey methodologies. One such possibility is the use of handheld thermal cameras to assist in playback-aided surveys. Here, we tested this possibility with our model species, Callithrix aurita, a small, endangered primate that inhabits the Atlantic Rainforest of southeastern Brazil. We hypothesized that the thermal camera would allow: (1) the identification of non-responsive groups or lone individuals; and (2) the detection of more individuals in cases where the groups approach the playback location. We surveyed four Atlantic rainforest fragments using the playback-aided active search methodology, complemented with scanning the surroundings with a handheld thermal camera. We did not identify any unresponsive groups/individuals, and were able to identify 51 individuals with the naked eye and 43 using the thermal camera, a non-significant difference, rejecting both hypotheses. We believe this result was due to the survey being carried out by a researcher highly trained on the study species. Therefore, on these grounds alone, our study does not support the use of thermal cameras in similar situations. However, on two occasions, we obtained more sightings of primates through the camera. Thus, the use of the device may result in an improvement in the quality of playback-aided surveys of Callithrix aurita populations, for which accurate data is crucial. We discuss the limitations and possibilities of use of thermal cameras with other primate species (e.g. fearful, living in large groups, nocturnal, unresponsive to playbacks, small-sized, cryptic or elusive, or that use hollows), and point directions where future research is needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":520627,"journal":{"name":"Folia primatologica; international journal of primatology","volume":"96 1-2","pages":"77-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144153264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conservation from the root: awareness-raising activities to conserve the Endangered Bengal slow loris (Nycticebus bengalensis) in Bangladesh.","authors":"Marjan Maria, Hassan Al-Razi, Mst Sadia Afrin Shimu, Md Rifat Ahmmed Rabbi, Ali Akbar, Md Azizul Hakim, Shonur Rahman, Sadia Sultana, Rejoana Sultana, Disha Balo, Authia Dey, Abdullah Al Fahim, Mahfuz A Russel, Marcel Stawinoga, K A I Nekaris","doi":"10.1163/14219980-bja10052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/14219980-bja10052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bengal slow loris (Nycticebus bengalensis) is the only nocturnal primate of Bangladesh, classed as Endangered both regionally and globally. One of the barriers to conserving this species is that its wild behaviour is little known, alongside local people being less aware of it due to its nocturnal habits. As part of our long-term ecological studies of the species, from June 2020 to November 2022, we arranged three awareness programs in three forest patches of northeast and one in southeast Bangladesh to overcome these issues. We visited students in schools adjacent to forests to deliver an ecophilic education program. A total of 251 students (aged between 8-14 years) participated in these awareness programs from four different schools. 126 students were from the Southeast, 125 students were from the Northeast region. Using an auditory and visual approach, we delivered a short talk about the Bengal slow loris via storytelling that included important yet fun and interesting ecological and morphological aspects of the slow loris, combined with a short lecture using a PowerPoint presentation. These aspects were interspersed with kinaesthetic fun games (slow cycle race, quiz, etc.) to reinforce a positive learning experience. To gain feedback, we delivered an oral quiz and found that this species was unknown to many participants, and it was an evil symbol for some. This information is vital for preparing our future outreach activities. Although our awareness program has been a vital first step, we have been able to highlight areas of knowledge that we hope will lead to behaviour change. We recognise that such preliminary education approaches are incredibly helpful to formulate more structured programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":520627,"journal":{"name":"Folia primatologica; international journal of primatology","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144153246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Domestic cats and predation on a free-ranging primate, Gursky's tarsier (Tarsius spectrumgurskyae).","authors":"Sharon Gursky","doi":"10.1163/14219980-bja10054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/14219980-bja10054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Introduced species, also known as invasive species, alien species and exotic species, are a major contributing factor to environmental problems in that they modify or disrupt the ecosystem they colonize. While some invasive species arrive in new areas through natural migration, more often than not they are introduced by the activities of humans. For example, domestic cats (Felis catus) were introduced by humans and are now common pets. Cats have been so successful invading new areas that their worldwide population is reported to exceed 500 million. Over 3 decades of u observations, cats were observed 169 times while observing Gursky's tarsier. Over time, the frequency that cats were observed while observing tarsiers increased. Similarly, the distance from the village that cats were observed increased over time indicating that the cats are moving further into the protected area. The tarsiers exhibited numerous responses to the presence of a cat. They always alarm called, and occasionally mobbed the cat. Several behavioral changes were made including increasing time traveling, increasing their height in the forest canopy, decreasing distance between group members. The cats attempted to prey on a tarsier 19 times. Twelve attempts were successful. Given that cat predation is known to have already caused faunal extinctions on islands, this threat to the tarsiers and other endemic species in Tangkoko Nature Reserve should not be taken lightly. One potential way to mitigate the negative impacts of cats on the tarsier population is by developing bylaws that restrict cat ownership adjacent to protected areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":520627,"journal":{"name":"Folia primatologica; international journal of primatology","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144153249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response of captive squirrel monkeys to people.","authors":"Marta Gómez Pozo, Francisco Javier de Miguel Águeda","doi":"10.1163/14219980-bja10051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/14219980-bja10051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>People play an important role in the welfare of nonhuman animals in zoos. The aim of this study is to find out if the behavior of squirrel monkeys maintained in Faunia, a zoological and botanical garden located in Madrid (Spain), and the height they occupy in their enclosure is associated with the flow of visitors and the keeper presence. Although the effects of visitors and keepers were difficult to separate, the response to increasing flow of visitors was not linear, being usually associated with greater individual variability in responses. In a more precise way, when the flow of visitors increased, feeding and locomotion decreased, while resting and interactions with people increased. Although decreasing of positive behaviors as feeding seems to indicate that monkeys perceive high numbers of visitors as a nuisance, interactions with people suggest that those could consider visitors as a kind of environmental enrichment.</p>","PeriodicalId":520627,"journal":{"name":"Folia primatologica; international journal of primatology","volume":"96 1-2","pages":"21-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144153269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postural behavior of wild aye-ayes in Madagascar's Ihofa Forest.","authors":"Timothy M Sefczek, Edward E Louis, W Scott McGraw","doi":"10.1163/14219980-bja10050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/14219980-bja10050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We studied an adult female and a juvenile male aye-aye (Daubentonia madagascariensis) in Madagascar's Ihofa forest from May to December 2017 to investigate whether the postural diversity of this lemur varied with age, maintenance activity, and habitat use. We used bout sampling (female N = 488, male N = 355) to record postures during feeding and resting and tested for differences using χ 2 . For both individuals, bimanual and unimanual cling were the most common postures used during feeding (78.4% and 82.9%) and these behaviors were strongly associated with the use of vertical supports - trunks and bamboo - in the main canopy. When feeding on branches and boughs, pronograde postures such as tri-pedal crouch and crouch were most common. Most rest occurred on horizontal branches using primarily pronograde postures. Our data indicate that although aye-ayes exploit multiple forest strata, the great majority of feeding is accomplished using orthograde postures from vertical supports, even in forest strata dominated by horizontal supports. These findings support recent arguments about the significance of vertically oriented behaviors in the evolution of early mammalian arboreal quadrupeds.</p>","PeriodicalId":520627,"journal":{"name":"Folia primatologica; international journal of primatology","volume":"96 1-2","pages":"45-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144153267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}