Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea)最新文献

{"title":"Calorie Restriction and Bone Health: Lessons from Bariatric Metabolic Surgery.","authors":"Bukyung Kim","doi":"10.3803/EnM.2025.2452","DOIUrl":"10.3803/EnM.2025.2452","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520607,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea)","volume":" ","pages":"388-390"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12230254/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144278065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"2025 Korean Thyroid Association Management Guidelines for Radioactive Iodine Therapy in Patients with Hyperthyroidism.","authors":"Kyeong Jin Kim, Eyun Song, Mijin Kim, Hyemi Kwon, Eu Jeong Ku, Hyun Woo Kwon, Jee Hee Yoon, Eun Kyung Lee, Won Woo Lee, Young Joo Park, Dong-Jun Lim, Sun Wook Kim, Ho-Cheol Kang, Jae Hoon Chung, Tae Yong Kim, Sin Gon Kim, Dong Gyu Na, Jee Soo Kim","doi":"10.3803/EnM.2025.2464","DOIUrl":"10.3803/EnM.2025.2464","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hyperthyroidism is a condition marked by excessive thyroid hormone production, most commonly due to Graves' disease. Treatment options include antithyroid drugs (ATD), radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy, and thyroidectomy. To develop standardized clinical recommendations for RAI therapy with a focus on safety, efficacy, and monitoring, the Korean Thyroid Association formed a task force to create evidence-based guidelines. Six key clinical questions were identified through expert consensus, and a systematic literature review from 2013 to 2022 was conducted. Clinical indications for RAI therapy were categorized into three groups: strongly recommended, may be considered, and not recommended. A fixed dose of 10 to 15 mCi is recommended. Although a strict low-iodine diet is unnecessary, iodine-rich foods should be avoided for at least 1 week before treatment. ATD should be stopped 3 to 7 days before RAI and may be resumed in select cases. Prophylactic glucocorticoids are recommended for patients with mildly active thyroid eye disease and may be considered for others at risk. Thyroid function should be monitored at 4-6 weeks post-treatment, every 2-3 months until stabilized, and then every 6-12 months. These guidelines highlight recent advances and underscore the importance of individualized treatment based on clinical features, comorbidities, and patient preferences in Korea.</p>","PeriodicalId":520607,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea)","volume":"40 3","pages":"342-356"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12230266/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144546840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Related Hypophysitis: A Call for Vigilance.","authors":"Ju Hee Lee","doi":"10.3803/EnM.2025.2477","DOIUrl":"10.3803/EnM.2025.2477","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520607,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea)","volume":"40 3","pages":"391-393"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12230257/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144546841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fatty Liver Index Dynamics as a Predictor of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Non-Cirrhotic Livers.","authors":"Eun-Hee Cho, Min Gu Kang, Chang Hun Lee, Shinyoung Oh, Chen Shen, Ha Ram Oh, Young Ran Park, Hyun Lee, Jong Seung Kim, Ji Hyun Park","doi":"10.3803/EnM.2024.2286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2024.2286","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a significant risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; however, surveillance strategies for patients with T2DM, especially without cirrhosis, are inadequate. This study examined whether the fatty liver index (FLI) and its dynamic changes can effectively identify patients with T2DM at increased risk for HCC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from 92,761 individuals with T2DM aged 40 to 79 who underwent two health screenings (2012 to 2015) were analyzed. The FLI, calculated using waist circumference, body mass index, triglycerides, and gamma-glutamyl transferase, was used to stratify patients by baseline FLI and FLI changes between screenings. HCC cases were identified via International Classification of Diseases codes and reimbursement records (2016 to 2020).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients with baseline FLI of 30 to 59.9 had a 1.90-fold higher risk (P<0.01) and those with FLI ≥60 had a 2.94-fold higher risk (P<0.01) of developing HCC compared to those with FLI <30. An increase in FLI from <30 to ≥30 resulted in a 2.10-fold higher risk of HCC (P<0.01), while a reduction in FLI from ≥30 to <30 led to a 0.64-fold lower risk (P=0.03). Protective benefits of FLI reduction took approximately 3 years to manifest.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Baseline and dynamic monitoring of FLI effectively identified HCC risk in T2DM patients with non-cirrhotic livers, supporting early detection and intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":520607,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144176396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current Status of Delay in Injectable Therapy among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in South Korea: Multicenter Retrospective Study (2015-2021).","authors":"Jong Han Choi, Min Kyong Moon, Hae Jin Kim, Kyung Ae Lee, Hyun Jin Kim, Jung Hae Ko, Jae-Seung Yun, Seung-Hyun Ko, Suk Chon, Nam Hoon Kim","doi":"10.3803/EnM.2024.2280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2024.2280","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>We aimed to assess the therapeutic inertia associated with injectable therapies and the factors influencing glycemic control following these therapies in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in South Korea.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This multicenter, retrospective cohort study included 2,598 T2DM patients aged 20 to 75 years from 10 referral medical centers in South Korea. These patients had been treated with three or four oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs) and were subsequently initiated on insulin (n=1,942) or glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs, n=656) between January 2015 and December 2021. We analyzed the time to initiation of injectable therapy, changes in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and associations between clinical factors and glycemic control.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At the time of injectable therapy initiation, the mean HbA1c was 9.54%, with insulin users having a higher HbA1c level (9.79%) than GLP-1RA users (8.70%). The mean time from starting 3 or 4 OADs to initiating injectable therapy was 3.19 years: 53.5% of patients had started injectable therapy after 2 years, and 24.2% started after 5 years. Among insulin users, older age (P= 0.004), higher body mass index (P=0.035), and lower HbA1c levels at insulin initiation (P<0.001) were associated with better glycemic control. Among GLP-1RA users, only the HbA1c level at therapy initiation (P<0.001) was a significant factor.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlighted significant delays in initiating injectable therapies, particularly insulin, in T2DM patients in South Korea. Early initiation of injectable therapy may improve long-term glycemic control in these patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":520607,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144176393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive Evaluation of Treatment Patterns in Postmenopausal Patients with Osteoporosis without Fractures: Insights from Tertiary Care Institutions and Nationwide OMOP-CDM Data.","authors":"Kyoung Jin Kim, Dachung Boo, Jimi Choi, Hyemin Yoon, Chai Young Jung, Seong Hee Ahn, Namki Hong, Beom-Jun Kim, Ji Seon Oh, Seng Chan You","doi":"10.3803/EnM.2024.2252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2024.2252","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Osteoporosis is a global health concern. Despite emerging treatment options for this condition, limited data are available on hospital practices in South Korea. This study addresses the need for a hospital network database that reflects changes in routine clinical practice for osteoporosis in a timely manner.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed prescription patterns for anti-osteoporosis medications (AOMs) in postmenopausal women aged ≥50 years diagnosed with osteoporosis between 2012 and 2021 using data from Osteoporosis Analysis and Surveillance Initiative using Standardized data (OASIS) (four tertiary hospitals in South Korea) and a nationwide database from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment (HIRA) Service. AOMs were categorized into antiresorptive and anabolic agents, with a focus on secular changes in the use of oral bisphosphonates, denosumab, selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), and anabolic agents.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the OASIS cohort, oral bisphosphonates were the most prescribed first-line AOM (49.0%), followed by denosumab (15.7%) and SERMs (18.0%). Denosumab use increased from 2% in 2016 to 40% in 2020, while oral bisphosphonate use declined from 69% in 2012 to 22% in 2021. The use of anabolic agents, including romosozumab and teriparatide, doubled to 6% after 2019. In the HIRA cohort, parenteral bisphosphonates were most common (54.3%), with significant denosumab use (17.3%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Pronounced shifts in AOM prescription patterns were observed in South Korea, marked by a notable increase in denosumab prescriptions and a decline in bisphosphonate use. These trends highlight the impact of policy changes and clinical guidelines on osteoporosis treatment and may inform future management strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":520607,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144164591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Outcomes of Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma Did Not Significantly Differ according to Tumor Size in an Iodine-Excessive Country.","authors":"Da Eun Leem, Ji Hyun Yoo, Bo Ram Kim, Jung Sun Kim, Tae Hyuk Kim, Sun Wook Kim, Yun Jae Chung, Jae Hoon Chung, Young Lyun Oh","doi":"10.3803/EnM.2025.2324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2025.2324","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) measuring <2 cm is generally associated with good prognosis, while tumor size ≥4 cm is regarded as being associated with a poor prognosis. This study aimed to evaluate FTC prognosis by tumor size to investigate whether the 2- and 4-cm criteria are appropriate for assessing prognosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data of 248 patients with FTC diagnosed between August 1995 and June 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The population was divided into four groups according to tumor size: <2.0, 2.0-3.9, 4.0-5.9, and ≥6.0 cm. Distant metastasis (DM), recurrence and/or structural persistence (R/SP), cancer-specific death (CSD), and frequency of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter mutations based on tumor size were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>While the rates of DM, R/SP, and CSD and the frequency of TERT promoter mutations did not differ among the size groups <6 cm, they increase sharply in tumor size ≥6 cm, although statistically insignificant (P=0.608, P=0.248, P=0.089, and P=0.165 respectively). Widely invasive subtypes, and TERT promoter mutations were significantly associated with DM (P=0.009 and P<0.001, respectively). Age ≥55 years, gross extrathyroidal extension, synchronous DM, and TERT promoter mutation were independent risk factors for CSD (P=0.005, P=0.003, P<0.001, and P=0.002, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>DM, R/SP, CSD, and TERT promoter mutations were not uncommon in FTCs <2 cm compared to those in larger FTCs, whereas FTCs ≥6 cm showed a sharp decline in prognosis, although this was statistically insignificant.</p>","PeriodicalId":520607,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144145293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Causal Associations of Cardiovascular Proteins and Diabetic Nephropathy Revealed by Mediation and Phenome-Wide Mendelian Randomization.","authors":"Lei Chen, Yongdi Zuo, Manrong He, Jingxue Du, Wanxin Tang","doi":"10.3803/EnM.2024.2207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2024.2207","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cardiovascular factors play a critical role in the progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN). This study utilized Mendelian randomization analysis to explore the causal relationships among cardiovascular proteins, risk factors, and DN. Using cis-protein quantitative trait loci (cis-pQTL) data for 90 cardiovascular proteins, we identified C-X3-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CX3CL1) and colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) as potential therapeutic targets for DN. CX3CL1 was found to increase DN risk through mechanisms involving body mass index, fasting insulin, and hypertension. Conversely, CSF-1 appeared to protect against DN by reducing the number of monocytes expressing high levels of human leukocyte antigen. Additionally, targeting CX3CL1 could lower the risk of DN as well as other conditions, including acute renal injury, pituitary disorders, and necrotizing vasculopathies. These results highlight CX3CL1 and CSF-1 as promising novel therapeutic targets for DN.</p>","PeriodicalId":520607,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144096789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Triglyceride-Glucose Index and Risk of End-Stage Renal Disease across Different Durations of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Longitudinal Cohort Study.","authors":"Mi-Sook Kim, Kyu-Na Lee, Jeongmin Lee, Jeongeun Kwak, Seung-Hwan Lee, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Jing Hughes, Kyung-Do Han, Eun Young Lee","doi":"10.3803/EnM.2024.2271","DOIUrl":"10.3803/EnM.2024.2271","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study investigated the association between the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, a marker of insulin resistance, and the risk of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), focusing on variations by diabetes duration.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed 1,219,148 Korean adults with T2DM from National Health Insurance Service data who underwent biennial health evaluations (2015 to 2016). ESRD was defined using specific procedural codes (V codes), and Cox proportional hazard models were employed to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for ESRD across TyG index quartiles and diabetes duration categories, adjusting for various confounders.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over 6,967,381 person-years of follow-up, 7,548 participants developed ESRD. Higher TyG index quartiles were independently associated with increased risk of ESRD, which was more pronounced with longer diabetes duration. The adjusted HR for ESRD in the highest TyG quartile (Q4) compared to the lowest quartile (Q1) was 1.235 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.995 to 1.533) in new-onset diabetes, and 1.592 (95% CI, 1.465 to 1.730) in those with diabetes for ≥10 years. Compared to the lowest TyG quartile in new-onset diabetes, the adjusted HR for ESRD in the highest quartile with diabetes duration ≥10 years increased to 10.239 (95% CI, 8.440 to 12.422). Subgroup analysis revealed that a higher TyG index consistently increased the risk of ESRD, with stronger associations observed in younger individuals and those without comorbidities.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The TyG index is a significant predictor of ESRD in T2DM, particularly in those with prolonged diabetes duration. Targeting insulin resistance early may mitigate the risk of ESRD in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":520607,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144096793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Sex Differences in Type 2 Diabetes via a Male-Dominant Beta-Cell Cluster from Single-Cell Pancreatic Sequencing of Public Datasets.","authors":"Nguyen Van Anh, Hyo-Wook Gil, Samel Park, Seongho Ryu","doi":"10.3803/EnM.2025.2297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2025.2297","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Type 2 diabetes is a complex metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and progressive beta-cell dysfunction. Although sex differences in type 2 diabetes prevalence, progression, and complications have been reported, the molecular mechanisms underlying these differences remain largely unknown. We aimed to utilize single-cell RNA sequencing to identify a beta-cell cluster that is more prevalent in males than in females and exhibits distinct gene expression patterns, gene set enrichment profiles, and cell-cell communication compared to other clusters.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>FASTQ files from four public datasets were preprocessed, aligned to the human genome (GRCh38), and integrated into a high-quality matrix to mitigate batch effects. We focused on beta-cells from type 2 diabetes patients, performed trajectory inference to identify clusters, and conducted differential gene expression and gene set enrichment analyses. These findings were validated using bulk RNA-seq datasets. Additionally, cell-cell communication analysis was performed to identify ligand-receptor interactions, followed by a sensitivity analysis to assess sex-specific differences.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified a male-dominant beta-cell cluster (adjusted P value=4.2×10-6) that displayed unique gene expression patterns and downregulation of pathways associated with protein metabolism and insulin synthesis. Differentially expressed genes (e.g., interleukin 24 [IL24], regulator of G protein signaling like 1 [RGSL1]) were confirmed through bulk analysis. Moreover, the cluster demonstrated distinct communication patterns with other cell types, underscoring sex-specific differences.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We have identified a male-dominant beta-cell cluster characterized by distinct gene expression, signaling pathways, and cell interactions. These findings provide insights into the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes and may inform the development of more effective, sex-specific therapeutic strategies in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":520607,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144103487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}