Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea)最新文献

{"title":"Early-Onset Dementia Risk Escalates with Diabetes Duration: Insights from a Nationwide Cohort Study.","authors":"Ji-Hong Park, Sun-Joon Moon, Da Yeon Lee, Ji-Hee Ko, Han Na Jang, Hye-Mi Kwon, Se-Eun Park, Kyung-Do Han, Eun-Jung Rhee, Won-Young Lee","doi":"10.3803/EnM.2024.2287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2024.2287","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The prevalence of diabetes mellitus and early-onset dementia (EOD), defined as dementia diagnosed at an age <65 years, is increasing worldwide, with significant socioeconomic implications. We investigated the association between diabetes, prediabetes, and EOD, focusing on the influence of diabetes duration on EOD risk.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using the Korean National Health Insurance Service database, we analyzed data from 1,979,509 patients aged 40-60 years who underwent health checkups in 2009. Patients were categorized into five groups: normal, impaired fasting glucose (IFG), newly diagnosed diabetes, diabetes duration <5 years, and diabetes duration ≥5 years. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) for EOD after adjusting for demographic and clinical covariates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the observation period (mean 7.75 years), 8,921 patients with EOD were identified. The diabetes group demonstrated a significantly higher incidence of EOD compared to the normal group (aHR, 1.334; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.226 to 1.451). EOD risk increased with longer diabetes duration, with the highest risk observed in patients with diabetes ≥5 years (aHR, 1.543; 95% CI, 1.368 to 1.741). No significant difference was observed between the IFG and normal groups (aHR, 0.989; 95% CI, 0.938 to 1.043). Additionally, the hypertension group exhibited a significantly higher incidence of EOD compared to the non-hypertension group (aHR, 1.364; 95% CI, 1.291 to 1.442).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Diabetes is independently associated with increased risk of EOD, and this risk increases with longer diabetes duration. This association remained significant regardless of the presence and duration of hypertension.</p>","PeriodicalId":520607,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144652032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study Protocol of Expanded Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study of Active Surveillance on Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma (MAeSTro-EXP) (Endocrinol Metab 2025;40:236-46, Jae Hoon Moon et al.).","authors":"Hoonsung Choi","doi":"10.3803/EnM.2025.2453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2025.2453","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520607,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144629227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of Alcohol Consumption with All-Cause and Cancer Mortalities in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Nationwide Population Cohort Study.","authors":"Da Yeon Lee, Sun-Joon Moon, Kyung-Do Han, Ji-Hee Ko, Han-Na Jang, Hye-Mi Kwon, Se-Eun Park, Eun-Jung Rhee, Won-Young Lee","doi":"10.3803/EnM.2024.2275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2024.2275","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To investigate the impact of alcohol consumption on all-cause and cancer mortalities in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This nationwide cohort study included Korean patients with T2D aged >20 years from a national health exams cohort (2009 to 2012). Participants were categorized based on alcohol consumption: non, mild (<30 g/day), and heavy drinkers (≥30 g/day). Primary outcomes were all-cause and cancer mortality rates. Cox proportional hazard regression analyses were used to calculate adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) with adjustments for age, sex, body mass index, smoking, exercise, comorbidities, diabetes duration, and medications.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 2,642,359 participants (median follow-up, 7.8 years), 57.2%, 32.7%, and 10.1% were non, mild, and heavy drinkers, respectively. Compared to non-drinkers, mild alcohol consumption was associated with reduced all-cause mortality (aHR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.80 to 0.82) and cancer mortality (aHR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.86 to 0.89), while heavy drinking increased both all-cause (aHR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.07) and cancer mortalities (aHR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.11). Subgroup analyses revealed variations: in chronic kidney disease and older age groups, heavy drinkers showed lower risk of all-cause mortality compared to non-drinkers. Regarding cancer mortality, younger and middle-aged groups showed protective effects of alcohol even for heavy drinkers, while females showed linear association between alcohol consumption and cancer mortality.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study indicates a J-shaped relationship between alcohol consumption and all-cause and cancer mortality risk in patients with T2D, with variations across subgroups. These findings suggest the need for personalized recommendations considering individual risk factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":520607,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144629226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Outperforms Radioimmunoassay in Guiding Surgical Decisions Based on Adrenal Venous Sampling in Primary Aldosteronism.","authors":"Bo-Ching Lee, Chien-Wei Huang, Chin-Chen Chang, Guan-Yuan Chen, Jia-Zheng Huang, Pin-Chen Chen, Te-I Weng, Kao-Lang Liu, Vin-Cent Wu, Yen-Hung Lin","doi":"10.3803/EnM.2024.2237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2024.2237","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Adrenal venous sampling (AVS) is essential for diagnosing unilateral aldosterone oversecretion in primary aldosteronism (PA). Traditionally, AVS relies on radioimmunoassay (RIA) to measure plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC), although RIA has limited specificity and considerable variability. This study evaluated the role of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in AVS and its impact on clinical outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Among 230 patients with PA (May 2020 to April 2023) who underwent AVS, successful sampling was achieved in 182 patients (79.1%) under unstimulated conditions and 206 patients (89.6%) under stimulated conditions. PAC levels from peripheral and adrenal veins measured by LC-MS/MS were compared with RIA results. Patient outcomes were categorized according to the Primary Aldosteronism Surgical Outcomes criteria.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>LC-MS/MS showed significant correlations with PAC levels measured by RIA in AVS (r=0.40 [unstimulated] and r=0.56 [stimulated]; both P<0.001). However, lateralization concordance between RIA and LC-MS/MS was moderate, at only 57.7% (unstimulated) and 64.6% (stimulated). LC-MS/MS identified more unilateral disease than RIA under both unstimulated (61.5% vs. 37.4%, P<0.001) and stimulated conditions (36.4% vs. 9.7%, P<0.001). Patients achieving complete clinical success after adrenalectomy were more accurately identified by LC-MS/MS than RIA under stimulated (55.6% vs. 22.2%, P=0.035), but not in unstimulated conditions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>LC-MS/MS outperformed RIA in identifying unilateral disease, resulting in higher rates of complete clinical success in adrenalectomy patients when surgical decisions were based on LC-MS/MS lateralization results.</p>","PeriodicalId":520607,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144532767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum: Correction of Figure. High Cardiorespiratory Fitness Protects against Molecular Impairments of Metabolism, Heart, and Brain with Higher Efficacy in Obesity-Induced Premature Aging.","authors":"Patcharapong Pantiya, Chanisa Thonusin, Natticha Sumneang, Benjamin Ongnok, Titikorn Chunchai, Sasiwan Kerdphoo, Thidarat Jaiwongkam, Busarin Arunsak, Natthaphat Siri-Angkul, Sirawit Sriwichaiin, Nipon Chattipakorn, Siriporn C Chattipakorn","doi":"10.3803/EnM.2025.401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2025.401","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520607,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144500259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep Learning-Based Adrenal Gland Volumetry for the Prediction of Diabetes.","authors":"Eu Jeong Ku, Soon Ho Yoon, Seung Shin Park, Ji Won Yoon, Jung Hee Kim","doi":"10.3803/EnM.2025.2336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2025.2336","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The long-term association between adrenal gland volume (AGV) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains unclear. We aimed to determine the association between deep learning-based AGV and current glycemic status and incident T2D.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this observational study, adults who underwent abdominopelvic computed tomography (CT) for health checkups (2011-2012), but had no adrenal nodules, were included. AGV was measured from CT images using a three-dimensional nnU-Net deep learning algorithm. We assessed the association between AGV and T2D using a cross-sectional and longitudinal design.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We used 500 CT scans (median age, 52.3 years; 253 men) for model development and a Multi-Atlas Labeling Beyond the Cranial Vault dataset for external testing. A clinical cohort included a total of 9708 adults (median age, 52.0 years; 5,769 men). The deep learning model demonstrated a dice coefficient of 0.71±0.11 for adrenal segmentation and a mean volume difference of 0.6± 0.9 mL in the external dataset. Participants with T2D at baseline had a larger AGV than those without (7.3 cm3 vs. 6.7 cm3 and 6.3 cm3 vs. 5.5 cm3 for men and women, respectively, all P<0.05). The optimal AGV cutoff values for predicting T2D were 7.2 cm3 in men and 5.5 cm3 in women. Over a median 7.0-year follow-up, T2D developed in 938 participants. Cumulative T2D risk was accentuated with high AGV compared with low AGV (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.27; 95% confidence interval, 1.11 to 1.46).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>AGV, measured using deep learning algorithms, is associated with current glycemic status and can significantly predict the development of T2D.</p>","PeriodicalId":520607,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144319179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Osteoporosis Management after the Occurrence of Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw: A 13-Year Experience at a Tertiary Center.","authors":"Chun Ho Wong, Kimberly Hang Tsoi, Jingya Jane Pu, Nancy Su Jiang, Stacey Sheung Yi Chan, Connie Hong Nin Loong, Xincheng Zou, Carol Ho Yi Fong, Eunice Ka Hong Leung, Alan Chun Hong Lee, Chi Ho Lee, Kathryn Choon Beng Tan, Yu Cho Woo, Yu-Xiong Su, David Tak Wai Lui","doi":"10.3803/EnM.2024.2262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2024.2262","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>We investigated osteoporosis management strategies and clinical outcomes following the occurrence of medicationrelated osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively studied individuals diagnosed with MRONJ during osteoporosis treatment who were managed in the Osteoporosis Center or the Oral Maxillofacial Surgery & Dental Unit at Queen Mary Hospital in Hong Kong between 2010 and 2022. We examined subsequent osteoporosis management plans, fracture events, and bone mineral density (BMD).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-six individuals were included (mean age, 78.5 years; 94.4% women). The estimated prevalence of MRONJ was 0.26%. All patients had been exposed to bisphosphonates, and seven had also received denosumab before MRONJ. Following MRONJ, only 14 individuals continued anti-osteoporosis treatment, a decision influenced by a higher fracture probability at MRONJ onset. The most common regimen was a teriparatide-raloxifene sequence (n=8): three patients achieved stable BMD, four achieved improving BMD, and one exhibited a mixed response. The patient with a mixed BMD response had also been treated with denosumab. Six patients sustained incident fractures after MRONJ, and these patients had lower BMD T-scores than their counterparts. Two patients experienced MRONJ recurrence, which was associated with the resumption of bisphosphonate or denosumab therapy after MRONJ. These patients had higher BMD T-scores than those who did not experience MRONJ recurrence.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MRONJ is challenging because high fracture risk necessitates discontinuation of antiresorptive agents. Teriparatide followed by raloxifene may be a reasonable regimen. Individualised decisions in osteoporosis management after MRONJ are required to balance fracture risk reduction with minimising MRONJ recurrence.</p>","PeriodicalId":520607,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144288051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Ultrasensitive and Highly Sensitive Assay to Predict Stimulated Thyroglobulin Levels Using Unstimulated Levels in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Patients.","authors":"Jinsun Jang, Hyun Joo Kim, Seunggyun Ha, Kyong Yeun Jung, Gyeongseo Jung, Sun Wook Cho, Do Joon Park, Gi Jeong Cheon, Young Joo Park","doi":"10.3803/EnM.2025.2302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2025.2302","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Thyroglobulin (Tg) measurement is an essential aspect of monitoring for differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients. This study compared the performances of ultrasensitive Tg (ultraTg) and highly sensitive Tg (hsTg) assays in predicting stimulated Tg levels without thyroid-stimulating hormone stimulation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Overall, 268 DTC patients who had undergone total thyroidectomy and either radioiodine treatment or I-123 diagnostic scanning were included. Unstimulated and stimulated Tg levels were measured using hsTg (BRAHMS Dynotest Tg-plus) and ultraTg (RIAKEY Tg immunoradiometric assay) assays. Correlations of each assay with the ability of unstimulated Tg levels to predict stimulated Tg ≥1 ng/mL were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>hsTg and ultraTg showed a strong correlation (R=0.79, P<0.01); the correlation was weaker in Tg antibody-positive patients (R=0.52). UltraTg demonstrated higher sensitivity in predicting stimulated Tg ≥1 ng/mL compared with hsTg. The optimal cut-off for ultraTg was 0.12 ng/mL (sensitivity, 72.0%; specificity, 67.2%). hsTg at 0.105 ng/mL had lower sensitivity (39.8%) but higher specificity (91.5%). Eight discordant cases with low hsTg (<0.2 ng/mL) but elevated ultraTg (>0.23 ng/mL) were identified; three developed structural recurrence within 3.4 to 5.8 years. Two patients had an excellent response according to hsTg but an indeterminate or biochemical incomplete response according to ultraTg.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>UltraTg demonstrated higher sensitivity in predicting positive stimulated Tg levels and potential recurrence compared with hsTg. However, its lower specificity may lead to more frequent classifications of biochemical incomplete response. UltraTg may be beneficial in clinically suspicious cases where hsTg falls below the cut-off, but its broader applicability requires further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":520607,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144228372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-Term Outcomes of Radiofrequency Ablation in Patients with Low-Risk Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma.","authors":"Hunjong Lim, Min Joo Kim","doi":"10.3803/EnM.2025.2432","DOIUrl":"10.3803/EnM.2025.2432","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520607,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea)","volume":" ","pages":"385-387"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12230256/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144278066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"2025 Korean Thyroid Association Clinical Management Guideline on Active Surveillance for Low-Risk Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma.","authors":"Eun Kyung Lee, Min Joo Kim, Seung Heon Kang, Bon Seok Koo, Kyungsik Kim, Mijin Kim, Bo Hyun Kim, Ji-Hoon Kim, Shinje Moon, Kyorim Back, Young Shin Song, Jong-Hyuk Ahn, Hwa Young Ahn, Ho-Ryun Won, Won Sang Yoo, Min Kyoung Lee, Jeongmin Lee, Ji Ye Lee, Kyong Yeun Jung, Chan Kwon Jung, Yoon Young Cho, Dong-Jun Lim, Sun Wook Kim, Young Joo Park, Dong Gyu Na, Jee Soo Kim","doi":"10.3803/EnM.2025.2461","DOIUrl":"10.3803/EnM.2025.2461","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The increasing detection of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) has raised concerns regarding overtreatment. For low-risk PTMC, either immediate surgery or active surveillance (AS) can be considered. To facilitate the implementation of AS, the Korean Thyroid Association convened a multidisciplinary panel and developed the first Korean guideline. AS is recommended for adults with pathologically confirmed Bethesda V-VI PTMC who have no clinical evidence of lymph node or distant metastasis, gross extrathyroidal extension, invasion of the trachea or recurrent laryngeal nerve, or aggressive histology. A baseline assessment requires high-resolution neck ultrasound performed by experienced operators to exclude extrathyroidal extension, tracheal or recurrent laryngeal nerve invasion, and lymph node metastasis; contrast-enhanced neck computed tomography is optional. Patient characteristics, including age, comorbidities, and the capacity for long-term follow-up, should be thoroughly assessed. Shared decision-making should carefully weigh the benefits and risks of surgery versus AS, considering expected oncologic outcomes, potential complications, quality of life, anxiety, medical costs, and patient preference. Follow-up involves neck ultrasound and thyroid function tests every 6 months for 2 years and annually thereafter. Disease progression, defined as significant tumor growth or newly detected nodal or distant metastasis, warrants surgery. Despite remaining uncertainties, this guideline provides a structured framework to ensure oncologic safety and supports patient-centered AS.</p>","PeriodicalId":520607,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea)","volume":"40 3","pages":"307-341"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12230268/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144546839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}